Government of Canada

About: Government of Canada is a government organization based out in Ottawa, Ontario, Canada. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Monetary policy & Debt. The organization has 796 authors who have published 886 publications receiving 21366 citations. The organization is also known as: federal government of Canada & Her Majesty's Government.

Radiation Damage Constants of Light-Emitting Diodes by a Low-Current Evaluation Method

Abstract: An optimum technique has been devised for measuring radiation damage constants of LED's, which avoids "injection annealing" of the damage that can occur during post-irradiation evaluation. It is shown that the low current densities necessary to avoid this annealing may require that measurements be made at constant junction voltage, and may preclude the use of the reverse-charge-recovery technique for direct measurement of carrier lifetime. The correction necessary for the varying voltage drop across the diode series resistance is facilitated by the low measuring currents, and by a novel technique for the accurate measurement of diode series resistance at low currents. Precise measurement techniques permit damage constants to be evaluated by application of only a small radiation dose. Using this method, proton, neutron, and gamma damage constants have been evaluated for commercial (Texas Instruments TIXL-13) GaAs LED's. Agreement between the damage constant describing degradation at these low current densities and the higher levels used in practical applications has been verified.

The divergence of private from social costs in rural-urban migration: a case study of Nairobi, Kenya

Abstract: In LDCs the level of urban wages tends to induce more people to seek employment in the towns than can be employed at this wage level. The existence of these urban unemployed causes the private costs of migration to diverge from the social costs. The individual rural resident decides to remain or migrate on the basis of perceived private costs of migration. The effect of a decision to migrate on the economy is the social cost of migration. In our study we consider the determinants of different levels of private and social costs associated with different stocks of urban unemployed. In addition, utilising survey data on Nairobi, Kenya, an attempt is made to quantify the major private and social costs of migration to determine whether they diverge significantly. On the basis of these estimates some policy options for limiting urban unemployment caused by urban in‐migration are considered.

A simple method to determine relative volatilities of aqueous formulations of pesticides

Abstract: A simple gravimetric method was developed to determine relative volatilities of aqueous formulations of pesticides. The technique involved evaporation of a liquid film from a plastic mesh surface. The suitability of the method for volatility determinations was tested against liquids of known boiling points, and adjuvant solutions of different concentrations. During the initial stage of evaporation, the percentage of weight remaining at time ‘t’ followed a nearly linear decrease with most formulations. At the second stage, however, a curvilinear decrease was noted, followed by an asymptotic limit at the final stage. Regression analysis of the data obtained during the first two stages of evaporation indicated that the method is sensitive enough to identify small differences in the evaporation rates of aqueous formulations of pesticides.

The Embarrassing Preamble? Understanding the 'Supremacy of God' and the Charter

Abstract: The reference to the supremacy of God (the clause) found in the preamble to the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms has been either marginalized or completely ignored by Courts and legal scholars. This leaves the impression that most are either embarrassed by the clause, or just wish to ignore it. Given the importance the Supreme Court of Canada has ascribed to constitutional preambles, it is time to acknowledge the supremacy of God clause and make a good faith attempt to determine its meaning and role in Canadian constitutionalism. This paper constitutes just such an attempt. Our thesis is straightforward. The clause recognizes a fundamental principle upon which the theory of the Charter is based: people possess universal and inalienable rights derived from sources beyond the state, and the Charter purports to enumerate positivist protections for these pre-existing human rights. This understanding of the clause is rooted in the historical development of human rights theory out of the natural law tradition and finds support both in the dicta of the Supreme Court of Canada as well as the thinking of the Charter's framers. This analysis restores meaning and dignity to the clause and, as we will argue, has important normative and practical implications for our understanding of the Charter itself, including the limitation of people's rights under Section 1.

The Transmission of Liquidity Shocks: The Role of Internal Capital Markets and Bank Funding Strategies

Abstract: We analyze the transmission of bank-specific liquidity shocks triggered by a credit rating downgrade through the lending channel. Using bank-level data for US Bank Holding Companies, we find that a credit rating downgrade is associated with an immediate and persistent decline in access to non-core deposits and wholesale funding, especially during the global financial crisis. This translates into a reduction in lending to households and non-financial corporates at home and abroad. The effect on domestic lending, however, is mitigated when banks (i) hold a larger buffer of liquid assets, (ii) diversify away from rating-sensitive sources of funding, and (iii) activate internal liquidity support measures. Foreign lending is significantly reduced during a crisis at home only for subsidiaries with weak funding self-sufficiency.