Showing papers by "Griffith University published in 1976"
74 citations
TL;DR: It is demonstrated that SMA serum reacts with normal, neoplastic and foetal astrocytes but not with neurone cell bodies, as well as with synaptic endings in the central nervous system (CNS).
Abstract: SMOOTH muscle antibody (SMA) found in the sera of some patients with active chronic hepatitis (ACH)1 has been shown to contain specific anti-actin antibody2,3. These SMA sera have been used to demonstrate the presence of the corresponding antigen in normal2 and neoplastic4–6 ‘non-muscle’ tissues. We have demonstrated that SMA serum reacts with normal, neoplastic and foetal astrocytes but not with neurone cell bodies5,7. The present report deals with the reaction of SMA with synaptic endings in the central nervous system (CNS).
72 citations
TL;DR: Evidence for chemical homology together with the previously reported immunochemical crossreactivity for these isozymes provide evidence that the A and B polypeptides are products of recently duplicated genes during evolution.
Abstract: l-α-Hydroxyacid oxidase isozymes from rat liver (A isozyme) and kidney (B isozyme) have been isolated in a high state of purity with specific activities of 61 and 14.7 microkatals per gram protein respectively. The subunit molecular weights determined by sodium dodecylsulphate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis were 40000 ± 3000; the mouse A and B isozymes were also partially purified and their subunit molecular weights shown to be 37000.
The total amino acid contents of the two rat isozymes were very similar and had identical tyrosine (9 residues per 40000) and tryptophan (5 per 40000) contents. No free suiphydryl groups were found following suiphydryl titration experiments using the purified native rat isozymes. Following denaturation with sodium dodecylsulphate, 2 (A subunit) and 3 (B subunit) suiphydryl residues were titratable. The apoenzyme form of rat isozyme B exhibited 2 of the 3 titratable suiphydryl groups in the absence of sodium dodecylsulphate which suggests an involvement of these residues in coenzyme binding. Flavin mononucleotide content was estimated from spectral studies to be I residue per subunit (40000 molecular weight) of native enzyme. Following storage in ammonium sulphate at 4°C for several months, flavin mononucleotide was irreversibly removed such that the rat A and B isozymes contained 0.3 and 0.7 residue of coenzyme per subunit. This accounts for the more pronounced loss of specific activity following storage for the A isozyme than the B isozyme as well as the comparatively high minimal molecular weights based upon flavin mononucleotide values previously reported by other workers.
This evidence for chemical homology together with the previously reported immunochemical crossreactivity for these isozymes provide evidence that the A and B polypeptides are products of recently duplicated genes during evolution.
55 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the substituent chemical shifts at formally conjugated positions have been considered in terms of mesomeric electron withdrawal, associated with orbitals of π-symmetry on X, and opposing electron donation, resulting from the aryl CX bond polarisation.
52 citations
TL;DR: Developmental and tissue distribution analyses suggested that a third locus (A) is involved in carbonic anhydrase synthesis in mammals.
Abstract: Starch gel electrophoretic patterns of carbonic anhydrase (CA) isozymes were examined from tissue extracts of sheep, mice, rabbits, and chickens In addition to the widely distributed and extensively studied B and C isozymes, an additional isozyme (called CA-A) was observed, which was predominantly localized in muscle tissue Immunochemical studies showed the A isozyme to be homologous with CA-B Developmental and tissue distribution analyses suggested that a third locus (A) is involved in carbonic anhydrase synthesis in mammals
50 citations
TL;DR: The chemical shift of the single resonance in the 19F nuclear magnetic resonance spectrum of papain which has been irreversibly inhibited by 3-bromo-1,1, 1-trifluoropropanone, exhibits pH-dependence and co-operative ionisation of these groups in substrate hydrolysis is discussed.
Abstract: The chemical shift of the single resonance in the 19F nuclear magnetic resonance spectrum of papain which has been irreversibly inhibited by 3-bromo-1,1,1-trifluoropropanone, exhibits pH-dependence The fluorescence intensity of this papain derivative shows pH-dependence on two groups which exhibit co-operative ionisation This co-operative behaviour is probably a function of the probe since the fluorescence intensity of S-ethane-thio-papain is dependent on a single ionisation constant, whereas that of S-(2-hydroxyethane)-thio-papain is dependent on two ionisable groups again acting co-operatively The 1,1,1-trifluoroketone probe will be hydrated in aqueous solution and would be capable of hydrogen bonding with the protein The two groups detected are considered to be aspartic-acid-158 and histidine-159 The co-operative ionisation of these groups in substrate hydrolysis is discussed
37 citations
TL;DR: In this article, a simple analysis of ligand-centred dipolar relaxation is used to quantify its importance and it is demonstrated that spin density greater than 10−3 of an unpaired electron may be significant.
23 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the natural abundance carbon-13 NMR spectra of the compounds ArCH2Sn(CH3)3 (Ar = phenyl, 1-naphthyl, 2-napthyl and 4-biphenyl) have been recorded and essentially completely assigned by specific deuteration, magnitudes of 13C117,119Sn couplings and other criteria.
19 citations
TL;DR: The pH dependence of the 19F chemical shift and the fluorescence spectrum of S- 2,2,2-trifluoro-1,1-dideuteroethyl-thio-paapain are analysed in terms of dependence on the ionisation of aspartic-acid-158 and histidine-159 and the approxmate rate constants for proton transfer are calculated.
Abstract: The pH dependence of the 19F chemical shift and the fluorescence spectrum of S-2,2,2-trifluoro-1,1-dideuteroethyl-thio-paapain are analysed in terms of dependence on the ionisation of aspartic-acid-158 and histidine-159. The 19F probe causes negative cooperativity between these groups, and does not detected any ionisation at high pH. The intermediate chemical exchange rates for the ionisation of aspartic-acid-158 and histidine-159 allow the approxmate rate constants for proton transfer to be calculated. The rather low rate constants are explained in terms of the hydrophobicity of the active-site region and the net positive charge on the enzyme resulting from its high isoelectric point.
19 citations
TL;DR: The enzyme locus (Dao) was shown to segregate independently of Hao-1, encoding the peroxisomal enzyme hydroxyacid oxidase (liver or A4 isozyme), thus Dao is not linked to previously mapped peroxISomal enzyme loci, Hao -1 and Cs, closely localized on chromosome 2.
Abstract: An electrophoretic polymorphism of the peroxisomal enzyme d-amino acid oxidase was observed in NZC strain Mus musculus. F1 (NZC × BALB/c) mice showed a codominant allele two-banded phenotype which is inconsistent with the dimeric subunit structure reported for this enzyme in other species. The enzyme locus (Dao) was shown to segregate independently of Hao-1, encoding the peroxisomal enzyme hydroxyacid oxidase (liver or A4 isozyme). Thus Dao is not linked to previously mapped peroxisomal enzyme loci, Hao-1 and Cs, closely localized on chromosome 2.
16 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the variable temperature carbon-13 NMR spectra of cyclohexyltrimethylstannane (CTHS) and cyclosinthane (CTS) have been recorded and the chair-chair conformational interconversion is frozen at −69°C.
TL;DR: In this article, the correlation time for molecular reorientation, τ r, was estimated from the 13 C T 1 in the analogous diamagnetic Co(III) and Pd(II) complexes.
TL;DR: This work has investigated the use of several reagents for attaching small “F NMR probes to cysteine 25 of papain and found that one equivalent of this reagent gave more than 9O%inhibition in 5 min when mixed with the active enzyme at pH 3-5.
01 Dec 1976
TL;DR: Although the fortunes of science are immeasurably better than those which prevailed in the early part of this century, there is now a widespread belief that it has fallen upon hard times in recent years.
Abstract: public policy can no longer be in question. Science is supported on a massive scale by Governments of all political persuasions, and it is idle to suppose that this support reflects a deep desire for the intellectual and cultural benefits which science contributes to the national heritage. Although the fortunes of science are immeasurably better than those which prevailed in the early part of this century, there is now a widespread belief that it has fallen upon hard times in recent years. The great period of post-war exponential growth has, of course, given way to a rate of growth in the developed countries which matches rather than outstrips the rate of economic growth, but the total resources devoted to
TL;DR: The relationship between the theatre and the Taiping revolution has attracted a great deal of comment and research, both in its own and more recent times as discussed by the authors, and it is a topic worth consideration because the theatre has always represented an important social force in China.
Abstract: The Taiping uprising of the period 1850 to 1866 represented by far the largest social upheaval in Chinese history before our own century. In fact, in his monumental work on the subject, Franz Michael (1966: vii) states that it was "as violent and complete a social revolution against an existing order as was ever attempted; indeed it can serve as a case study of revolution." As befits so important a movement, the Taiping revolution has attracted a great deal of comment and research, both in its own and more recent times.' The present article aims to fill in one lacuna: the relationship between the theatre and the Taipings. It is a topic worth consideration because the theatre has always represented an important social force in China and it was as a social movement that the Taipings were most interesting and significant It will be useful to review the situation of the Chinese theatre in the middle of the nineteenth century especially in the areas affected by the Taiping wars. The aristocratic drama called Kunqit which had been very popular indeed among the educated and official classes, as well as the richer commercial
TL;DR: Seasonal variations in stomatal resistance, not attributable to closure associated with water stress, in freshly irrigated cotton leaves are reported and this information can be used in interpreting effects of water stress.
TL;DR: A strongly order/disorder dependent damage rate has been found for irradiated Cd3Mg specimens as discussed by the authors, interpreted in terms of replacement events where the primary knock-ons are Mg atoms.