Showing papers by "Griffith University published in 1988"
TL;DR: In this paper, a unitary phase operator whose eigen states are well-defined phase states and whose properties coincide with those normally associated with a phase is presented, and a natural extension to the definition of a time-measurement operator yields a corresponding countable infinity of eigenvalues.
Abstract: The difficulties in formulating a natural and simple operator description of the phase of a quantum oscillator or single-mode electromagnetic field have been known for some time. We present a unitary phase operator whose eigenstates are well-defined phase states and whose properties coincide with those normally associated with a phase. The corresponding phase eigenvalues form only a dense subset of the real numbers. A natural extension to the definition of a time-measurement operator yields a corresponding countable infinity of eigenvalues.
511 citations
TL;DR: Decreasing lipid solubilities of extremely hydrophobic chemicals were found to result in increasing clearance rate constants, as well decreasing equilibrium times and bioconcentration factors.
164 citations
TL;DR: Growth in the numbers of chemicals used during recent decades has been extraordinary and the total number of substances commercially available was estimated at 40,000 with about 2000 new ones being placed on the market each year.
Abstract: Chemicals are a vital part of everyday life. They come in the form of fuels, antibiotics, pesticides, plastic containers, agricultural fertilizers, photocopying compounds, and so on. Society cannot survive in its present form without them. Growth in the numbers of chemicals used during recent decades has been extraordinary. In 1980 the total number of substances commercially available was estimated at 40,000 with about 2000 new ones being placed on the market each year (Schmidt-Bleek and Haberland 1980).
138 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, an analytical nonlinear solution to the problem of two phase oil and water infiltration under a constant flux boundary condition was derived, and this solution also applies to the constant infiltration of water by introducing a simple change in the independent variables of space and time.
104 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors evaluated 20 models of the lactation curve, 10 being drawn from the literature and 10 being original, and found that the model which predicts a constant initial yield, followed by a linear decline, y =a - b(n -c) forn > c, is as good as the previous two models for winter calving cows.
Abstract: Monthly herd recording data from Friesian cows in south-east Queensland are used to evaluate 20 models of the lactation curve, 10 being drawn from the literature and 10 being original. The curve of Wood (1967) with equation y =a nb exp(–cn),and its modificationy =a nfc/cosh(en), generally gave the lowest values for the error mean square across all seasons of calving. However, the model which predicts a constant initial yield, followed by a linear decline,y =a forn =Sc, y =a - b(n –c) forn > c, is as good as the previous two models for winter calving cows. Hence it is a useful representation of the lactation curve in south-eastern Queensland, where about 40% of cows are calved in winter. The inverse polynomial modely =nl(a +bn + en2) is a useful model for lactations commencing in the summer months.
88 citations
TL;DR: Four monoclonal antibodies recognise an antigen localised in the rhoptries of Plasmodium falciparum merozoites using both indirect immunofluorescence assay and immunoelectron microscopy with immunogold labeling.
83 citations
TL;DR: In this article, a simple hysteresis model is reformulated on the basis of the Brooks and Corey equation for the relationship between soil-water content and matric potential, which requires the knowledge of a drying curve (boundary or primary) to predict the wetting boundary and all scanning curves.
71 citations
69 citations
TL;DR: The daily pattern of recruitment to a coral reef was successfully reconstructed using the otoliths from a large sample of juvenile fish collected at the end of the breeding season because the original pattern of settlement was preserved in the age distribution for at least 4 to 5 months.
Abstract: Counting growth increments in otoliths recently has become an accepted method of ageing tropical fishes, however, verification is essential for each new species. In this study, growth increments in otoliths of the juveniles of several coral reef damselfishes (Pomacentridae) were deposited daily and a distinct transition from wide to narrow increments coincided with settlement from the pelagic larval phase into the demersal habitat. Thus, the data of settlement for each individual fish could be calculated with acceptable accuracy. The daily pattern of recruitment to a coral reef was successfully reconstructed using the otoliths from a large sample of juvenile fish collected at the end of the breeding season. This was because the original pattern of settlement was preserved in the age distribution for at least 4 to 5 months. This application of otolith ageing techniques may be extended to reveal the temporal patterns of recruitment to many localities encompassing spatial scales larger than would be logistically possible using visual censuses.
61 citations
TL;DR: In this article, water balance was measured at three spacings of Eucalyptus grandis planted into a pasture dominated by Setaria sphacelata cv. Kazungula in an agroforestry system.
56 citations
TL;DR: Focusing on the celebrations of Newton and his work, the authors investigates the use of the concept of genius and its connection with debates on the methodology of science and the morality of great discoverers during the period studied, two areas of tension developed Firstly, eighteenth-century ideas about the relationship between genius and method were challenged by the notion of scientific genius as transcending specifiable rules of method.
Abstract: Focusing on the celebrations of Newton and his work, this article investigates the use of the concept of genius and its connection with debates on the methodology of science and the morality of great discoverers During the period studied, two areas of tension developed Firstly, eighteenth-century ideas about the relationship between genius and method were challenged by the notion of scientific genius as transcending specifiable rules of method Secondly, assumptions about the nexus between intellectual and moral virtue were threatened by the emerging conception of genius as marked by an extraordinary personality – on the one hand capable of breaking with established methods to achieve great discoveries, on the other, likely to transgress moral and social conventions The assesments of Newton by nineteenth-century scientists such as Brewster, Whewell, and De Morgan were informed by these tensions
TL;DR: Most male Australian Brush-turkeys at Mt. Tamborine in south-eastem Queensiand began to construct incubation mounds in winter following falls of rain that thoroughly dampened the leaf-litter, suggesting a non-monogamous mating system.
Abstract: Most male Australian Brush-turkeys at Mt. Tamborine in south-eastem Queensiand began to construct incubation mounds in winter (May-June) following falls of rain that thoroughly dampened the leaf-litter. Mounds were tended for up to nine months before being abandoned around January-February. Two distinct phases of activity were identified: the Construction Phase, characterised by accumulation of mound-materials by the males, and the Maintenance Phase when the amount of mound-work was greatly reduced. The mean temperatures of mounds was 33.3°C. Thermal stability was achieved without the direct manipulations of mounds by males. There was little indication of pair bonding between males and females, suggesting a non-monogamous mating system.
TL;DR: A new design of interception trap is presented based on a combination of features of window and Malaise traps, developed for study of the canopy faunas of rainforest trees, specifically Argyrodendron actinophyllum.
Abstract: A new design of interception trap is presented based on a combination of features of window and Malaise traps. The trap has been developed for study of the canopy faunas of rainforest trees, specifically Argyrodendron actinophyllum. Five such traps have been operated in SE Queensland for a year with catches being removed weekly. Coleoptera, Nematocera, Homoptera and Hymenoptera were the most abundant groups in these samples with the families Sciaridae, Cicadellidae, Scolytidae and Chrysomelidae dominating the collections. The trap appears to sample the arboreal fauna selectively and was used to identify the peak of arthropod abundance during the year.
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29 Apr 1988TL;DR: In this article, film and Chinese society to 1949 Yan'an and Shanghai beyond Shanghai film styles, 1956-1964 the cultural revolution, 1964-1978 beyond Yan'AN, and 1989-1993 the Cultural Revolution.
Abstract: Film and Chinese society to 1949 Yan'an and Shanghai beyond Shanghai film styles, 1956-1964 the cultural revolution, 1964-1978 beyond Yan'an.
TL;DR: The effects of human predation on populations of the gastropod Strombus luhuanus in Bootless Inlet, Papua New Guinea are examined by documenting both the population biology of the shellfish and the shell-gathering practices of traditional and contemporary human groups.
Abstract: Little is known of the response of mollusc populations to predation by humans, particularly for tropical species. In this paper, we examine the effects of human predation on populations of the gastropod Strombus luhuanus in Bootless Inlet, Papua New Guinea, by documenting both the population biology of the shellfish and the shell-gathering practices of traditional and contemporary human groups. Strombus luhuanus occurs in local colonies and individuals of each sex from different colonies differed significantly in size. Sexual maturity is reached within two years after settlement, at which time the shell length stabilises at about 35–60 mm, and the shell lip thickens. There was also significant between-colony variation in density (8.35–23.39 individuals/m2), and colonies differed in the depth range of their distributions and the frequency of human collection visits. Traditional gatherers rarely collected individuals which were buried or subtidal. Contemporary collectors used different collecting methods, and gathered subtidal populations to a depth of 2.5 m. Both traditional and contemporary collectors gathered only individuals greater than 30 mm shell length, and in the contemporary sample the probability of being gathered increased significantly with shell length. This was due to size-dependent burying, which was greatest among young juveniles and least among adults. The traditional sample contained fewer shells in the largest size category (>45 mm) and more in the smallest (<40 mm), but this difference largely represents the pooling of shells from different collecting locations rather than widespread juvenisation of colonies due to exploitation. Stromb population densities at collected sites in PNG far exceeded those in comparable uncollected sites in northeastern Australia. We conclude that S. luhuanus displays high resilience to all gathering practices used to date, as a consequence of both its size-dependent burying and partly subtidal distribution, which provide refugia from human predation.
TL;DR: In this paper, Lysimeters were used to measure evapotranspiration (E) from pasture under three planting densities in an agroforestry experiment, and the relationship between soil water content and the ratio of pasture E to pan evaporation (Ep) obtained at each tree density was found.
TL;DR: Part-time workers constitute an important element in the currently fashionable advocacy of a flexible workforce as discussed by the authors, and they constitute a significant part of the workforce in the US. But neither flexibility in general, nor part-time work in particular, are unitary concepts: they may have contradictory implications and serve quite different interests depending on how and by whom, they are initiated and controlled.
Abstract: Part time workers constitute an important element in the currently fashionable advocacy of a flexible workforce. Unions, in response, have feared the displacement of full time workers and the undermining of hard won job conditions and security. Both sides have ignored the entrenched nature of existing, gender-split mechanisms for responding to market fluctuations and the diverse forms and functions of part time work. Neither flexibility in general, nor part time work in particular, are unitary concepts: they may have contradictory implications and serve quite different interests, depending on how, and by whom, they are initiated and controlled. Union attempts to block them may actually reinforce the negative effects, as well as alienating members. An alternative strategy of regulating, integrating and raising the status of part time work is already producing some positive results.
TL;DR: In this paper, a linear relationship between the reciprocal of the clearance, or depuration rate constant (1/k2) and a compound's octanol-water partition coefficient (Kow) was demonstrated.
TL;DR: A field investigation into the distributions of four hexachlorocyclohexane isomers was carried out on BHC-20 treated soil from an agricultural area as mentioned in this paper, where the isomers showed marked differences in concentration change over time after application with mean values for the alpha, beta, gamma and delta isomers of 32, 437, 16 and 28 ng g −1 respectively.
TL;DR: Interstitial water may be the phase from which lipophilic compounds in sediment are bioconcentrated by oligochaetes, and an expression relating theBioconcentration factor to the biotic concentration and various sediment characteristics has been developed.
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors argue that writers have consistently underestimated the psychological problems of working at home, and consumers have by and large not found new IT-based services to be cheaper, usable or useful.
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01 Jan 1988TL;DR: In this article, the authors describe the computer revolution in Silicon Valley, the home of high-tech man the telecommunications explosion personal computing factories of the future the electronic office micros and money key problems for high-technology society.
Abstract: Introduction the computer revolution Silicon Valley - home of high-tech man the telecommunications explosion personal computing factories of the future the electronic office micros and money key problems for high-tech society.
TL;DR: In this article, the same authors reported a dependence of ν(CuX) on the inverse nth power of r(cuX), where n is approximately equal to 5.
TL;DR: In this article, an implementation dilemma encountered in a course on social accounting resulting from a clash between preferred student learning attributes and those embodied in social accounting is identified, and the use of action oriented teaching strategies to counteract this dilemma is identified.
Abstract:
Accounting students experience degree programmes with a fairly ‘traditional’ range of topics that are taught with an emphasis on technique and learning the ‘status quo’. To the extent that a topic may challenge this pattern by emphasizing new concepts, questioning existing concepts, being more concerned with what accounting ‘might be’ rather than current practice, or some combination of these, some topics may be considered ‘innovative’ additions to the curriculum. Social accounting is an innovative accounting topic that has attracted considerable attention in the literature. This paper reports on an implementation dilemma encountered in a course on social accounting resulting from a clash between preferred student learning attributes and those embodied in social accounting. The use of action oriented teaching strategies to counteract this dilemma is identified. Similar problems and solutions may be applicable for other innovative accounting topics.
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors showed that C5H3-1,3-(SiMe3)2] can reversibly bind tetrahydrofuran (thf), and X-ray structure determinations on the adducts showed they are monomeric bent metallocenes.
Abstract: Cocondensation of C5H4(SiMe3)2, hexane, and metal vapour at –196 °C yields M{C5H3-1,3-(SiMe3)2}2[M = Ca (1), Sr (2), and Ba (3)] which reversibly bind tetrahydrofuran (thf); X-ray structure determinations on the adducts [M{η-C5H3-1,3-(SiMe3)2}2(thf)], [M = Ca (4) Sr, (5)] show they are monomeric bent metallocenes, M–C, M–O 2.662(10)–2.718(9), 2.310(9), (4), 2.78(4)–2.84(5), 2.49(3)A, (5); Centroid–M–Centroid, 139.1, (4), 134°, (5).
TL;DR: In this paper, LiX (X = Cl, Br, I) with N,N,N′, N′- tetramethylethylenediamine (tmeda) have been synthesized and characterized by singlecrystal X-ray studies.
Abstract: Crystalline adducts of the lithium(I) halides, LiX (X = Cl , Br, I) with N,N,N′,N′- tetramethylethyl-enediamine (tmeda) have been synthesized and characterized by single-crystal X-ray studies. Both bromide and iodide form 1 : 1 adducts which are μ,μ-dihalo-bridged binuclear species, [( tmeda )LiX2Li( tmeda )], with four-coordinate N2LiX2 lithium environments; in addition, the iodide yields an ionic 1 : 2 adduct, [Li( tmeda )2]+I-. The chloride complex is a novel 3 : 2 polymer based an a double cubane Li6Cl6 unit solvated by chelating and bridging tmeda units.
TL;DR: A review of the application of stepwise electron/laser excitation techniques to the study of electron-atom collision processes is presented in this article, where the theory associated with such techniques is reviewed and includes a number of typical case studies.
TL;DR: In this article, both psychological and sociological research on occupational illness has been assessed and it is argued that the former has provided an important intellectual foundation for 'victim blaming' explanations of work-related illness.
Abstract: This article critically assesses both psychological and sociological research upon occupational illness. It is argued that the former has provided an important intellectual foundation for 'victim blaming' explanations of work-related illness. Further, while recent sociologi cal research has provided a counter to this a number of significant problems remain to be addressed. Most importantly, it is argued that there is a need for this research to make more use of insights obtained from the labour process literature. Indeed, it is within this context that the historical role of industrial psychology as a managerialist response to the problems of worker discipline, productivity and health can be more readily understood.
TL;DR: The results suggest that specific enzyme activity is associated with the invasion of host cells by coccidian Sporozoites.
TL;DR: In this article, detailed X-ray photoelectron spectra (XPS) have been obtained from YBa2Cu3O7-x specimens which have a superconducting transition temperature of 93 K. The effects of reduction on heating in uacuo and of oxidation at 400°C in air have been considered.
Abstract: Detailed X-ray photoelectron spectra (XPS) have been obtained from YBa2Cu3O7-x specimens which have a superconducting transition temperature of 93 K. The effects of reduction on heating in uacuo at 400°C and of oxidation at 400°C in air have been considered. It is found that in general the XPS signatures of the Cu 2p peaks are consistent with the presence of formally mixed valence Cu(II) and Cu(III) atoms, although a unique valence cannot be assigned. Reduction in vacuo apparently reduces all copper atoms to divalency as shown by the increasing intensity in the ‘shake-up’ satellites. Re-oxidation in air does not fully restore the sample to its original state, although the superconducting transition and the Meissner effect are recovered. It is also found that the low-binding-energy components of the O 1s and Ba 3d XPS peaks are characteristic of bulk states and cannot be ascribed to surface contamination and/or surface-specific states. Evidence is found for migration of barium to the free surface ...