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Showing papers by "Griffith University published in 2015"


Journal ArticleDOI
Mohsen Naghavi1, Haidong Wang1, Rafael Lozano1, Adrian Davis2  +728 moreInstitutions (294)
TL;DR: In the Global Burden of Disease Study 2013 (GBD 2013) as discussed by the authors, the authors used the GBD 2010 methods with some refinements to improve accuracy applied to an updated database of vital registration, survey, and census data.

5,792 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The Global Burden of Disease, Injuries, and Risk Factor study 2013 (GBD 2013) as discussed by the authors provides a timely opportunity to update the comparative risk assessment with new data for exposure, relative risks, and evidence on the appropriate counterfactual risk distribution.

5,668 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
Theo Vos1, Ryan M Barber1, Brad Bell1, Amelia Bertozzi-Villa1  +686 moreInstitutions (287)
TL;DR: In the Global Burden of Disease Study 2013 (GBD 2013) as mentioned in this paper, the authors estimated the quantities for acute and chronic diseases and injuries for 188 countries between 1990 and 2013.

4,510 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The MFO algorithm is compared with other well-known nature-inspired algorithms on 29 benchmark and 7 real engineering problems and the statistical results show that this algorithm is able to provide very promising and competitive results.
Abstract: In this paper a novel nature-inspired optimization paradigm is proposed called Moth-Flame Optimization (MFO) algorithm. The main inspiration of this optimizer is the navigation method of moths in nature called transverse orientation. Moths fly in night by maintaining a fixed angle with respect to the moon, a very effective mechanism for travelling in a straight line for long distances. However, these fancy insects are trapped in a useless/deadly spiral path around artificial lights. This paper mathematically models this behaviour to perform optimization. The MFO algorithm is compared with other well-known nature-inspired algorithms on 29 benchmark and 7 real engineering problems. The statistical results on the benchmark functions show that this algorithm is able to provide very promising and competitive results. Additionally, the results of the real problems demonstrate the merits of this algorithm in solving challenging problems with constrained and unknown search spaces. The paper also considers the application of the proposed algorithm in the field of marine propeller design to further investigate its effectiveness in practice. Note that the source codes of the MFO algorithm are publicly available at http://www.alimirjalili.com/MFO.html.

2,892 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
Christina Fitzmaurice1, Christina Fitzmaurice2, Daniel Dicker1, Daniel Dicker2, Amanda W Pain1, Hannah Hamavid1, Maziar Moradi-Lakeh1, Michael F. MacIntyre3, Michael F. MacIntyre1, Christine Allen1, Gillian M. Hansen1, Rachel Woodbrook1, Charles D.A. Wolfe1, Randah R. Hamadeh4, Ami R. Moore5, A. Werdecker6, Bradford D. Gessner, Braden Te Ao, Brian J. McMahon7, Chante Karimkhani8, Chuanhua Yu9, Graham S Cooke10, David C. Schwebel11, David O. Carpenter12, David M. Pereira13, Denis Nash, Dhruv S. Kazi14, Diego De Leo15, Dietrich Plass16, Kingsley N. Ukwaja17, George D. Thurston, Kim Yun Jin18, Edgar P. Simard19, Edward J Mills20, Eun-Kee Park21, Ferrán Catalá-López22, Gabrielle deVeber, Carolyn C. Gotay23, Gulfaraz Khan24, H. Dean Hosgood25, Itamar S. Santos26, Janet L Leasher27, Jasvinder A. Singh28, James Leigh12, Jost B. Jonas29, Juan R. Sanabria30, Justin Beardsley31, Justin Beardsley32, Kathryn H. Jacobsen33, Ken Takahashi34, Richard C. Franklin, Luca Ronfani35, Marcella Montico36, Luigi Naldi36, Marcello Tonelli, Johanna M. Geleijnse37, Max Petzold38, Mark G. Shrime39, Mark G. Shrime40, Mustafa Z. Younis41, Naohiro Yonemoto42, Nicholas J K Breitborde, Paul S. F. Yip43, Farshad Pourmalek44, Paulo A. Lotufo24, Alireza Esteghamati27, Graeme J. Hankey45, Raghib Ali46, Raimundas Lunevicius33, Reza Malekzadeh47, Robert P. Dellavalle45, Robert G. Weintraub48, Robert G. Weintraub49, Robyn M. Lucas50, Robyn M. Lucas51, Roderick J Hay52, David Rojas-Rueda, Ronny Westerman, Sadaf G. Sepanlou53, Sandra Nolte, Scott B. Patten54, Scott Weichenthal37, Semaw Ferede Abera55, Seyed-Mohammad Fereshtehnejad56, Ivy Shiue57, Tim Driscoll58, Tim Driscoll59, Tommi J. Vasankari29, Ubai Alsharif, Vafa Rahimi-Movaghar54, Vasiliy Victorovich Vlassov45, W. S. Marcenes60, Wubegzier Mekonnen61, Yohannes Adama Melaku62, Yuichiro Yano56, Al Artaman63, Ismael Campos, Jennifer H MacLachlan41, Ulrich O Mueller, Daniel Kim53, Matias Trillini64, Babak Eshrati65, Hywel C Williams66, Kenji Shibuya67, Rakhi Dandona68, Kinnari S. Murthy69, Benjamin C Cowie69, Azmeraw T. Amare, Carl Abelardo T. Antonio70, Carlos A Castañeda-Orjuela71, Coen H. Van Gool, Francesco Saverio Violante, In-Hwan Oh72, Kedede Deribe73, Kjetil Søreide62, Kjetil Søreide74, Luke D. Knibbs75, Luke D. Knibbs76, Maia Kereselidze77, Mark Green78, Rosario Cardenas79, Nobhojit Roy80, Taavi Tillmann57, Yongmei Li81, Hans Krueger82, Lorenzo Monasta24, Subhojit Dey36, Sara Sheikhbahaei, Nima Hafezi-Nejad45, G Anil Kumar45, Chandrashekhar T Sreeramareddy69, Lalit Dandona83, Haidong Wang1, Haidong Wang69, Stein Emil Vollset1, Ali Mokdad76, Ali Mokdad84, Joshua A. Salomon1, Rafael Lozano41, Theo Vos1, Mohammad H. Forouzanfar1, Alan D. Lopez1, Christopher J L Murray50, Mohsen Naghavi1 
Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation1, University of Washington2, Iran University of Medical Sciences3, King's College London4, Arabian Gulf University5, University of North Texas6, Auckland University of Technology7, Alaska Native Tribal Health Consortium8, Columbia University9, Wuhan University10, Imperial College London11, University of Alabama at Birmingham12, University at Albany, SUNY13, City University of New York14, University of California, San Francisco15, Griffith University16, Environment Agency17, New York University18, Southern University College19, Emory University20, University of Ottawa21, Kosin University22, University of Toronto23, University of British Columbia24, United Arab Emirates University25, Albert Einstein College of Medicine26, University of São Paulo27, Nova Southeastern University28, University of Sydney29, Heidelberg University30, Case Western Reserve University31, Cancer Treatment Centers of America32, University of Oxford33, George Mason University34, James Cook University35, University of Trieste36, University of Calgary37, Wageningen University and Research Centre38, University of Gothenburg39, University of the Witwatersrand40, Harvard University41, Jackson State University42, University of Arizona43, University of Hong Kong44, Tehran University of Medical Sciences45, University of Western Australia46, Aintree University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust47, University of Colorado Denver48, Veterans Health Administration49, University of Melbourne50, Royal Children's Hospital51, Australian National University52, University of Marburg53, Charité54, Health Canada55, College of Health Sciences, Bahrain56, Karolinska Institutet57, University of Edinburgh58, Northumbria University59, National Research University – Higher School of Economics60, Queen Mary University of London61, Addis Ababa University62, Northwestern University63, Northeastern University64, Mario Negri Institute for Pharmacological Research65, Arak University of Medical Sciences66, University of Nottingham67, University of Tokyo68, Public Health Foundation of India69, University of Groningen70, University of the Philippines Manila71, University of Bologna72, Kyung Hee University73, Brighton and Sussex Medical School74, Stavanger University Hospital75, University of Bergen76, University of Queensland77, National Centre for Disease Control78, University of Sheffield79, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana80, University College London81, Genentech82, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman83, Norwegian Institute of Public Health84
TL;DR: To estimate mortality, incidence, years lived with disability, years of life lost, and disability-adjusted life-years for 28 cancers in 188 countries by sex from 1990 to 2013, the general methodology of the Global Burden of Disease 2013 study was used.
Abstract: Importance Cancer is among the leading causes of death worldwide. Current estimates of cancer burden in individual countries and regions are necessary to inform local cancer control strategies. Objective To estimate mortality, incidence, years lived with disability (YLDs), years of life lost (YLLs), and disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) for 28 cancers in 188 countries by sex from 1990 to 2013. Evidence Review The general methodology of the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) 2013 study was used. Cancer registries were the source for cancer incidence data as well as mortality incidence (MI) ratios. Sources for cause of death data include vital registration system data, verbal autopsy studies, and other sources. The MI ratios were used to transform incidence data to mortality estimates and cause of death estimates to incidence estimates. Cancer prevalence was estimated using MI ratios as surrogates for survival data; YLDs were calculated by multiplying prevalence estimates with disability weights, which were derived from population-based surveys; YLLs were computed by multiplying the number of estimated cancer deaths at each age with a reference life expectancy; and DALYs were calculated as the sum of YLDs and YLLs. Findings In 2013 there were 14.9 million incident cancer cases, 8.2 million deaths, and 196.3 million DALYs. Prostate cancer was the leading cause for cancer incidence (1.4 million) for men and breast cancer for women (1.8 million). Tracheal, bronchus, and lung (TBL) cancer was the leading cause for cancer death in men and women, with 1.6 million deaths. For men, TBL cancer was the leading cause of DALYs (24.9 million). For women, breast cancer was the leading cause of DALYs (13.1 million). Age-standardized incidence rates (ASIRs) per 100 000 and age-standardized death rates (ASDRs) per 100 000 for both sexes in 2013 were higher in developing vs developed countries for stomach cancer (ASIR, 17 vs 14; ASDR, 15 vs 11), liver cancer (ASIR, 15 vs 7; ASDR, 16 vs 7), esophageal cancer (ASIR, 9 vs 4; ASDR, 9 vs 4), cervical cancer (ASIR, 8 vs 5; ASDR, 4 vs 2), lip and oral cavity cancer (ASIR, 7 vs 6; ASDR, 2 vs 2), and nasopharyngeal cancer (ASIR, 1.5 vs 0.4; ASDR, 1.2 vs 0.3). Between 1990 and 2013, ASIRs for all cancers combined (except nonmelanoma skin cancer and Kaposi sarcoma) increased by more than 10% in 113 countries and decreased by more than 10% in 12 of 188 countries. Conclusions and Relevance Cancer poses a major threat to public health worldwide, and incidence rates have increased in most countries since 1990. The trend is a particular threat to developing nations with health systems that are ill-equipped to deal with complex and expensive cancer treatments. The annual update on the Global Burden of Cancer will provide all stakeholders with timely estimates to guide policy efforts in cancer prevention, screening, treatment, and palliation.

2,375 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The results of the test functions prove that the proposed ALO algorithm is able to provide very competitive results in terms of improved exploration, local optima avoidance, exploitation, and convergence, showing that this algorithm has merits in solving constrained problems with diverse search spaces.

2,265 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: This work reviews strategies for natural product screening that harness the recent technical advances that have reduced technical barriers and assess the use of genomic and metabolomic approaches to augment traditional methods of studying natural products.
Abstract: Natural products have been a rich source of compounds for drug discovery. However, their use has diminished in the past two decades, in part because of technical barriers to screening natural products in high-throughput assays against molecular targets. Here, we review strategies for natural product screening that harness the recent technical advances that have reduced these barriers. We also assess the use of genomic and metabolomic approaches to augment traditional methods of studying natural products, and highlight recent examples of natural products in antimicrobial drug discovery and as inhibitors of protein-protein interactions. The growing appreciation of functional assays and phenotypic screens may further contribute to a revival of interest in natural products for drug discovery.

1,822 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The Global Burden of Disease, Injuries, and Risk Factor study 2013 (GBD 2013) as mentioned in this paper provides a timely opportunity to update the comparative risk assessment with new data for exposure, relative risks, and evidence on the appropriate counterfactual risk distribution.

1,656 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Patterns of the epidemiological transition with a composite indicator of sociodemographic status, which was constructed from income per person, average years of schooling after age 15 years, and the total fertility rate and mean age of the population, were quantified.

1,609 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: A hybrid nanomaterial comprising of one-dimensional ultrathin platinum nanowires grown on two-dimensional single-layered nickel hydroxide, which outperforms currently reported catalysts, and obviously improved catalytic stability is reported.
Abstract: Design and synthesis of effective electrocatalysts for hydrogen evolution reaction in alkaline environments is critical to reduce energy losses in alkaline water electrolysis. Here we report a hybrid nanomaterial comprising of one-dimensional ultrathin platinum nanowires grown on two-dimensional single-layered nickel hydroxide. Judicious surface chemistry to generate the fully exfoliated nickel hydroxide single layers is explored to be the key for controllable growth of ultrathin platinum nanowires with diameters of about 1.8 nm. Impressively, this hybrid nanomaterial exhibits superior electrocatalytic activity for hydrogen evolution reaction in alkaline solution, which outperforms currently reported catalysts, and the obviously improved catalytic stability. We believe that this work may lead towards the development of single-layered metal hydroxide-based hybrid materials for applications in catalysis and energy conversion.

813 citations



Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: A scalable solution-based approach is developed to controllably grow PPy ultrathin films on 2D MoS2 monolayers, offering a feasible solution to create the next generation of energy-storage device with superior power density and energy density.
Abstract: A scalable solution-based approach is developed to controllably grow PPy ultrathin films on 2D MoS2 monolayers. When these sandwiched nanocomposites are utilized as supercapacitor electrodes, a record high specific capacitance, remarkable rate capability, and improved cycling stability are achieved, offering a feasible solution to create the next generation of energy-storage device with superior power density and energy density.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: This report is a proof-of-concept for uterus transplantation as a treatment for uterine factor infertility and shows the feasibility of live uterus donation, even from a postmenopausal donor.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Different synthetic methodologies for multi-shelled hollow micro-/nanostructures as well as their compositional and geometric manipulation are described and their applications in energy conversion and storage, sensors, photocatalysis, and drug delivery are reviewed.
Abstract: Great progress has been made in the preparation and application of multi-shelled hollow micro-/nanostructures during the past decade. However, the synthetic methodologies and potential applications of these novel and interesting materials have not been reviewed comprehensively in the literature. In the current review we first describe different synthetic methodologies for multi-shelled hollow micro-/nanostructures as well as their compositional and geometric manipulation and then review their applications in energy conversion and storage, sensors, photocatalysis, and drug delivery. The correlation between the geometric properties of multi-shelled hollow micro-/nanostructures and their specific performance in relevant applications are highlighted. These results demonstrate that the geometry has a direct impact on the properties and potential applications of such materials. Finally, the emerging challenges and future development of multi-shelled hollow micro-/nanostructures are further discussed.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: This paper showed that tumor cells without mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) showed delayed tumor growth, and that tumor formation is associated with acquisition of mtDNA from host cells, leading to partial recovery of mitochondrial function in cells derived from primary tumors grown from cells without mtDNA and a shorter lag in tumor growth.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The statistical results prove the GWO algorithm is able to provide very competitive results in terms of improved local optima avoidance and a high level of accuracy in classification and approximation of the proposed trainer.
Abstract: This paper employs the recently proposed Grey Wolf Optimizer (GWO) for training Multi-Layer Perceptron (MLP) for the first time. Eight standard datasets including five classification and three function-approximation datasets are utilized to benchmark the performance of the proposed method. For verification, the results are compared with some of the most well-known evolutionary trainers: Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO), Genetic Algorithm (GA), Ant Colony Optimization (ACO), Evolution Strategy (ES), and Population-based Incremental Learning (PBIL). The statistical results prove the GWO algorithm is able to provide very competitive results in terms of improved local optima avoidance. The results also demonstrate a high level of accuracy in classification and approximation of the proposed trainer.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the impact of green research and development investment for eco-innovation on environmental and financial performance was examined using a sample of Japanese manufacturing firms during the period of 2001-2010.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Evidence is provided supporting perturbation of the intestinal microbiota and changes in intestinal permeability as potential triggers of inflammation in obesity and characterisation of the mechanisms underpinning the triggers could offer unique opportunities for intervention strategies to help ameliorate the risk of obesity-associated disease.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The herd protection induced byPCV7 is continuing, and similar indirect protection is occurring from the additional serotypes covered by PCV13, but there is, however, evidence of increasing invasive pneumococcal disease due to non-PCV13 serotypes, particularly in children younger than 5 years in 2014.
Abstract: Summary Background The 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV13) protects against key serotypes that increased after routine immunisation with the seven-valent vaccine (PCV7), but its potential for herd protection and serotype replacement is uncertain. The aim of this study was to analyse the effect of the 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine on invasive pneumococcal disease in England and Wales 4 years after its introduction. Methods We used a national dataset of electronically reported and serotyped invasive pneumococcal disease cases in England and Wales to estimate incidence rate ratios (IRRs) for vaccine and non-vaccine type invasive pneumococcal disease between July, 2013, and June, 2014, versus the pre-PCV13 and pre-PCV7 baseline. Incidence rates were corrected for missing serotype data and changes in surveillance sensitivity over time. An over-dispersed Poisson model was used to estimate IRRs and confidence intervals. Findings Incidence of invasive pneumococcal disease in the epidemiological year 2013/14 decreased by 32% compared with the pre-PCV13 baseline (incidence 10·14 per 100 000 in 2008–10 vs 6·85 per 100 000 in 2013/14; IRR 0·68, 95% CI 0·64–0·72). This was due to an 86% reduction of the serotypes covered by PCV7 (1·46 vs 0·20 per 100 000; IRR 0·14, 0·10–0·18) and a 69% reduction of the additional six serotypes covered by PCV13 (4·48 vs 1·40 per 100 000; IRR 0·31, 0·28–0·35). When compared with the pre-PCV7 baseline, there was a 56% overall reduction in invasive pneumococcal disease (15·63 vs 6·85 per 100 000; IRR 0·44, 95% CI 0·43–0·47). Compared with the pre-PCV13 baseline, the incidence of non-PCV13 serotypes increased (incidence all ages 4·19 vs 5·25 per 100 000; IRR 1·25, 95% CI 1·17–1·35) due to increases across a broad range of serotypes in children younger than 5 years and in people aged 45 years or more. In children younger than 5 years, incidence of non-PCV13 serotypes in 2013/14 was higher than in 2012/13 (age vs 10·83 per 100 000; age 2–4 years: 4·08 vs 3·63 per 100 000). Interpretation 8 years of PCV use in England and Wales has reduced the overall incidence of invasive pneumococcal disease by more than 50%. The herd protection induced by PCV7 is continuing, and similar indirect protection is occurring from the additional serotypes covered by PCV13. There is, however, evidence of increasing invasive pneumococcal disease due to non-PCV13 serotypes, particularly in children younger than 5 years in 2014. If this increase continues, the maximum benefit of the PCV13 programme in children might already have been achieved. Funding Public Health England funds national surveillance of invasive pneumococcal disease.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: A global dataset is used to investigate host range for over 7,500 insect herbivore species covering a wide taxonomic breadth and interacting with more than 2,000 species of plants in 165 families to ask whether relatively specialized and generalized herbivores represent a dichotomy rather than a continuum from few to many host families and species attacked and whether diet breadth changes with increasing plant species richness toward the tropics.
Abstract: Understanding variation in resource specialization is important for progress on issues that include coevolution, community assembly, ecosystem processes, and the latitudinal gradient of species richness. Herbivorous insects are useful models for studying resource specialization, and the interaction between plants and herbivorous insects is one of the most common and consequential ecological associations on the planet. However, uncertainty persists regarding fundamental features of herbivore diet breadth, including its relationship to latitude and plant species richness. Here, we use a global dataset to investigate host range for over 7,500 insect herbivore species covering a wide taxonomic breadth and interacting with more than 2,000 species of plants in 165 families. We ask whether relatively specialized and generalized herbivores represent a dichotomy rather than a continuum from few to many host families and species attacked and whether diet breadth changes with increasing plant species richness toward the tropics. Across geographic regions and taxonomic subsets of the data, we find that the distribution of diet breadth is fit well by a discrete, truncated Pareto power law characterized by the predominance of specialized herbivores and a long, thin tail of more generalized species. Both the taxonomic and phylogenetic distributions of diet breadth shift globally with latitude, consistent with a higher frequency of specialized insects in tropical regions. We also find that more diverse lineages of plants support assemblages of relatively more specialized herbivores and that the global distribution of plant diversity contributes to but does not fully explain the latitudinal gradient in insect herbivore specialization.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Th1-type T lymphocytes, B cell macrophages, and neutrophils promote bone loss through upregulated production of proinflammatory mediators and activation of the RANK-L expression pathways.
Abstract: Alveolar bone loss is a hallmark of periodontitis progression and its prevention is a key clinical challenge in periodontal disease treatment. Bone destruction is mediated by the host immune and inflammatory response to the microbial challenge. However, the mechanisms by which the local immune response against periodontopathic bacteria disturbs the homeostatic balance of bone formation and resorption in favour of bone loss remain to be established. The osteoclast, the principal bone resorptive cell, differentiates from monocyte/macrophage precursors under the regulation of the critical cytokines macrophage colony-stimulating factor, RANK ligand, and osteoprotegerin. TNF-α, IL-1, and PGE2 also promote osteoclast activity, particularly in states of inflammatory osteolysis such as those found in periodontitis. The pathogenic processes of destructive inflammatory periodontal diseases are instigated by subgingival plaque microflora and factors such as lipopolysaccharides derived from specific pathogens. These are propagated by host inflammatory and immune cell influences, and the activation of T and B cells initiates the adaptive immune response via regulation of the Th1-Th2-Th17 regulatory axis. In summary, Th1-type T lymphocytes, B cell macrophages, and neutrophils promote bone loss through upregulated production of proinflammatory mediators and activation of the RANK-L expression pathways.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: BRAF mutation was associated with poorer recurrence-free probability in Kaplan-Meier survival analyses in various clinicopathologic categories and demonstrated an independent prognostic value of BRAF V600E mutation for PTC recurrence in various clinical categories.
Abstract: Purpose To investigate the prognostic value of BRAF V600E mutation for the recurrence of papillary thyroid cancer (PTC). Patients and Methods This was a retrospective multicenter study of the relat...

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Focusing on Hendra virus, but also addressing Nipah virus, Ebola virus, Marburg virus and coronaviruses, this work delineates this cross-species spillover dynamic from the within-host processes that drive virus excretion to land-use changes that increase interaction among species.
Abstract: Viruses that originate in bats may be the most notorious emerging zoonoses that spill over from wildlife into domestic animals and humans. Understanding how these infections filter through ecological systems to cause disease in humans is of profound importance to public health. Transmission of viruses from bats to humans requires a hierarchy of enabling conditions that connect the distribution of reservoir hosts, viral infection within these hosts, and exposure and susceptibility of recipient hosts. For many emerging bat viruses, spillover also requires viral shedding from bats, and survival of the virus in the environment. Focusing on Hendra virus, but also addressing Nipah virus, Ebola virus, Marburg virus and coronaviruses, we delineate this cross-species spillover dynamic from the within-host processes that drive virus excretion to land-use changes that increase interaction among species. We describe how land-use changes may affect co-occurrence and contact between bats and recipient hosts. Two hypotheses may explain temporal and spatial pulses of virus shedding in bat populations: episodic shedding from persistently infected bats or transient epidemics that occur as virus is transmitted among bat populations. Management of livestock also may affect the probability of exposure and disease. Interventions to decrease the probability of virus spillover can be implemented at multiple levels from targeting the reservoir host to managing recipient host exposure and susceptibility.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the authors argue that there is growing confusion among planners and policy makers about what constitutes green infrastructure, which may contribute to inaction on climate change adaptation, because it muddies existing programs and initiatives that are to do with green-space more broadly, which in turn feeds path dependency.

Journal ArticleDOI
Kevin Filo1, Daniel Lock2, Daniel Lock1, Adam Karg2, Adam Karg1 
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors analyzed the existing body of knowledge of social media in the field of sport management from a service-dominant logic perspective, with an emphasis on relationship marketing.

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TL;DR: A novel approach for assigning nursery areas for mobile fauna that incorporates critical ecological habitat linkages is proposed and the term 'seascape nurseries' is introduced which conceptualizes a nursery as a spatially-explicit seascape consisting of multiple mosaics of habitat patches that are functionally connected.
Abstract: Coastal marine and estuarine ecosystems are highly productive and serve a nursery function for important fisheries species. They also suffer some of the highest rates of degradation from human impacts of any ecosystems. Identifying and valuing nursery habitats is a critical part of their conservation, but current assessment practices typically take a static approach by considering habitats as individual and homogeneous entities. Here we review current definitions of nursery habitat and propose a novel approach for assigning nursery areas for mobile fauna that incorporates critical ecological habitat linkages. We introduce the term 'seascape nurseries' which conceptualizes a nursery as a spatially-explicit seascape consisting of multiple mosaics of habitat patches that are functionally connected. Hotspots of animal abundances/productivity identify the core area of a habitat mosaic, which is spatially constrained by the home ranges of its occupants. Migration pathways connecting such hotspots at larger spatial and temporal scales, through ontogenetic habitat shifts or inshore–offshore migrations, should be identified and incorporated. The proposed approach provides a realistic step forward in the identification and management of critical coastal areas, especially in situations where large habitat units or entire water bodies cannot be protected as a whole due to socio-economic, practical, or other considerations.

Journal ArticleDOI
Sheng Li1, Jingxia Qiu1, Chao Lai1, Min Ling1, Huijun Zhao1, Shanqing Zhang1 
TL;DR: In this article, a hierarchical layered graphene composite was used as an anode material for high-rate SIBs, achieving an outstanding rate capacity of 120mAh/g at 10A/g, which is among best of the state-of-the-art carbon-based SIB.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The accuracy of the iterative use of predicted secondary structure and backbone torsion angles and dihedrals based on Cα atoms is higher than those of model structures from current state-of-the-art techniques, suggesting the potentially beneficial use of these predicted properties for model assessment and ranking.
Abstract: Direct prediction of protein structure from sequence is a challenging problem. An effective approach is to break it up into independent sub-problems. These sub-problems such as prediction of protein secondary structure can then be solved independently. In a previous study, we found that an iterative use of predicted secondary structure and backbone torsion angles can further improve secondary structure and torsion angle prediction. In this study, we expand the iterative features to include solvent accessible surface area and backbone angles and dihedrals based on Cα atoms. By using a deep learning neural network in three iterations, we achieved 82% accuracy for secondary structure prediction, 0.76 for the correlation coefficient between predicted and actual solvent accessible surface area, 19° and 30° for mean absolute errors of backbone φ and ψ angles, respectively, and 8° and 32° for mean absolute errors of Cα-based θ and τ angles, respectively, for an independent test dataset of 1199 proteins. The accuracy of the method is slightly lower for 72 CASP 11 targets but much higher than those of model structures from current state-of-the-art techniques. This suggests the potentially beneficial use of these predicted properties for model assessment and ranking.

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TL;DR: This paper studies leader-follower synchronization in heterogeneous dynamic networks via distributed impulsive control to drive the followers to approximately synchronize with the leader within a nonzero error bound, referred to as quasi-synchronization.

Journal ArticleDOI
Monika Karmin1, Monika Karmin2, Lauri Saag1, Lauri Saag2, Mário Vicente3, Melissa A. Wilson Sayres4, Melissa A. Wilson Sayres5, Mari Järve1, Ulvi Gerst Talas2, Siiri Rootsi1, Anne-Mai Ilumäe1, Anne-Mai Ilumäe2, Reedik Mägi2, Mario Mitt2, Luca Pagani3, Tarmo Puurand2, Zuzana Faltyskova3, Florian Clemente3, Alexia Cardona3, Ene Metspalu2, Ene Metspalu1, Hovhannes Sahakyan1, Hovhannes Sahakyan6, Bayazit Yunusbayev1, Bayazit Yunusbayev7, Georgi Hudjashov1, Georgi Hudjashov8, Michael DeGiorgio9, Eva Liis Loogväli1, Christina A. Eichstaedt3, Mikk Eelmets1, Mikk Eelmets2, Gyaneshwer Chaubey1, Kristiina Tambets1, S. S. Litvinov7, S. S. Litvinov1, Maru Mormina10, Yali Xue11, Qasim Ayub11, Grigor Zoraqi, Thorfinn Sand Korneliussen12, Thorfinn Sand Korneliussen4, Farida Akhatova13, Farida Akhatova14, Joseph Lachance15, Joseph Lachance16, Sarah A. Tishkoff16, Kuvat T. Momynaliev, François-Xavier Ricaut17, Pradiptajati Kusuma17, Pradiptajati Kusuma18, Harilanto Razafindrazaka17, Denis Pierron17, Murray P. Cox19, Gazi Nurun Nahar Sultana20, Rane Willerslev21, Craig Muller12, Michael C. Westaway22, David M. Lambert22, Vedrana Škaro23, Lejla Kovacevic, Shahlo Turdikulova24, Dilbar Dalimova24, Rita Khusainova7, Rita Khusainova14, N. N. Trofimova7, N. N. Trofimova1, V. L. Akhmetova7, I. M. Khidiyatova7, I. M. Khidiyatova14, Daria V. Lichman, Jainagul Isakova, Elvira Pocheshkhova25, Zhaxylyk Sabitov26, Zhaxylyk Sabitov27, Nikolay A. Barashkov28, Pagbajabyn Nymadawa29, Evelin Mihailov2, Joseph Wee Tien Seng, Irina Evseeva30, Andrea Bamberg Migliano31, S M Abdullah, George Andriadze32, Dragan Primorac, L. A. Atramentova33, Olga Utevska33, Levon Yepiskoposyan6, Damir Marjanović34, Alena Kushniarevich1, Alena Kushniarevich35, Doron M. Behar1, Christian Gilissen36, Lisenka E.L.M. Vissers36, Joris A. Veltman36, Elena Balanovska7, Miroslava Derenko7, Boris Malyarchuk7, Andres Metspalu2, Sardana A. Fedorova28, Anders Eriksson37, Anders Eriksson3, Andrea Manica3, Fernando L. Mendez38, Tatiana M. Karafet39, Krishna R. Veeramah40, Neil Bradman, Michael F. Hammer39, Ludmila P. Osipova, Oleg Balanovsky7, Elza Khusnutdinova14, Elza Khusnutdinova7, Knut Johnsen41, Maido Remm2, Mark G. Thomas31, Chris Tyler-Smith11, Peter A. Underhill38, Eske Willerslev12, Rasmus Nielsen4, Mait Metspalu2, Mait Metspalu1, Richard Villems42, Richard Villems1, Richard Villems2, Toomas Kivisild3, Toomas Kivisild1 
TL;DR: A study of 456 geographically diverse high-coverage Y chromosome sequences, including 299 newly reported samples, infer a second strong bottleneck in Y-chromosome lineages dating to the last 10 ky, and hypothesize that this bottleneck is caused by cultural changes affecting variance of reproductive success among males.
Abstract: It is commonly thought that human genetic diversity in non-African populations was shaped primarily by an out-of-Africa dispersal 50-100 thousand yr ago (kya). Here, we present a study of 456 geographically diverse high-coverage Y chromosome sequences, including 299 newly reported samples. Applying ancient DNA calibration, we date the Y-chromosomal most recent common ancestor (MRCA) in Africa at 254 (95% CI 192-307) kya and detect a cluster of major non-African founder haplogroups in a narrow time interval at 47-52 kya, consistent with a rapid initial colonization model of Eurasia and Oceania after the out-of-Africa bottleneck. In contrast to demographic reconstructions based on mtDNA, we infer a second strong bottleneck in Y-chromosome lineages dating to the last 10 ky. We hypothesize that this bottleneck is caused by cultural changes affecting variance of reproductive success among males.