Institution
Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust
Healthcare•London, United Kingdom•
About: Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust is a healthcare organization based out in London, United Kingdom. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Population & Randomized controlled trial. The organization has 7686 authors who have published 9631 publications receiving 399353 citations. The organization is also known as: Guy's and St Thomas' National Health Service Foundation Trust & Guy's and St Thomas' National Health Service Trust.
Papers published on a yearly basis
Papers
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TL;DR: The results of this meta-analysis showed that tonsillectomy (+/- adenoidectomy) is the most effective intervention for long-term resolution of PFAPA syndrome symptoms.
102 citations
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TL;DR: It is speculated that the APOE genotype of patients might influence their rate of recovery from delirium given that APOE is associated with amyloid deposition, increased susceptibility to exogenous neurotoxins, and can affect the immune response.
Abstract: Background
Delirium frequently occurs in the context of infection and other inflammatory conditions associated with elevated levels of cytokines. Cytokines used therapeutically can induce symptoms of delirium as an adverse effect. We hypothesized that a causal relationship might exist between delirium and cytokine production during illness. Further, we speculated that the APOE genotype of patients might influence their rate of recovery from delirium given that APOE is associated with amyloid deposition, increased susceptibility to exogenous neurotoxins, and can affect the immune response.
Methods
A cohort of 164 acutely ill patients, 70 years or older, admitted to an elderly medical unit were studied within 3 days of hospital admission and re-assessed twice weekly until their discharge, to identify and follow the clinical course of delirium. The APOE genotype and the level of circulating cytokines were determined for 116 and 60 patients respectively.
Results
Prevalent delirium was significantly (p < 0.05) associated with a previous history of dementia, age, illness severity, disability and low levels of circulating IGF-I. Recovery was significantly associated (p < 0.05) with lack of APOE 4 allele and higher initial IFN-γ. A model incorporating gender, APOE epsilon 4 status and IGF-I levels predicted recovery or not from delirium in 76.5% of cases, with a sensitivity 0.77 and specificity 0.75.
Conclusions
A relationship between delirium with APOE genotype, IFN-γ, and IGF-I, but not with IL-6, IL-1, TNF-α, and LIF was found. A predictive model of recovery was derived from gender, APOE status, and IGF-I levels. This model needs replication with further studies. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
102 citations
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Chang Gung University1, King's College London2, Memorial Hospital of South Bend3, University of Oxford4, Brown University5, University of Helsinki6, Hacettepe University7, University of Granada8, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai9, Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust10, Queen Mary University of London11, King Abdulaziz University12
TL;DR: The results provide the first comprehensive characterization of coordinated DNA methylation and gene expression markers of smoking in adipose tissue and give insights into understanding the widespread health consequence of smoking outside of the lung.
Abstract: Tobacco smoking is a risk factor for multiple diseases, including cardiovascular disease and diabetes. Many smoking-associated signals have been detected in the blood methylome, but the extent to which these changes are widespread to metabolically relevant tissues, and impact gene expression or metabolic health, remains unclear. We investigated smoking-associated DNA methylation and gene expression variation in adipose tissue biopsies from 542 healthy female twins. Replication, tissue specificity, and longitudinal stability of the smoking-associated effects were explored in additional adipose, blood, skin, and lung samples. We characterized the impact of adipose tissue smoking methylation and expression signals on metabolic disease risk phenotypes, including visceral fat. We identified 42 smoking-methylation and 42 smoking-expression signals, where five genes (AHRR, CYP1A1, CYP1B1, CYTL1, F2RL3) were both hypo-methylated and upregulated in current smokers. CYP1A1 gene expression achieved 95% prediction performance of current smoking status. We validated and replicated a proportion of the signals in additional primary tissue samples, identifying tissue-shared effects. Smoking leaves systemic imprints on DNA methylation after smoking cessation, with stronger but shorter-lived effects on gene expression. Metabolic disease risk traits such as visceral fat and android-to-gynoid ratio showed association with methylation at smoking markers with functional impacts on expression, such as CYP1A1, and at tissue-shared smoking signals, such as NOTCH1. At smoking-signals, BHLHE40 and AHRR DNA methylation and gene expression levels in current smokers were predictive of future gain in visceral fat upon smoking cessation. Our results provide the first comprehensive characterization of coordinated DNA methylation and gene expression markers of smoking in adipose tissue. The findings relate to human metabolic health and give insights into understanding the widespread health consequence of smoking outside of the lung.
102 citations
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TL;DR: Critical care patients with COVID-19 were disproportionately non-white, from more deprived areas and more likely to be male and obese, and conventional severity scoring appeared not to adequately reflect their acute severity, with the distribution across PaO2/FiO2 ratio categories indicating acutely severe respiratory disease.
Abstract: To describe critical care patients with COVID-19 across England, Wales and Northern Ireland and compare them with a historic cohort of patients with other viral pneumonias (non-COVID-19) and with international cohorts of COVID-19. Extracted data on patient characteristics, acute illness severity, organ support and outcomes from the Case Mix Programme, the national clinical audit for adult critical care, for a prospective cohort of patients with COVID-19 (February to August 2020) are compared with a recent retrospective cohort of patients with other viral pneumonias (non-COVID-19) (2017–2019) and with other international cohorts of critical care patients with COVID-19, the latter identified from published reports. 10,834 patients with COVID-19 (70.1% male, median age 60 years, 32.6% non-white ethnicity, 39.4% obese, 8.2% at least one serious comorbidity) were admitted across 289 critical care units. Of these, 36.9% had a PaO2/FiO2 ratio of ≤ 13.3 kPa (≤ 100 mmHg) consistent with severe ARDS and 72% received invasive ventilation. Acute hospital mortality was 42%, higher than for 5782 critical care patients with other viral pneumonias (non-COVID-19) (24.7%), and most COVID-19 deaths (88.7%) occurred before 30 days. Meaningful international comparisons were limited due to lack of standardised reporting. Critical care patients with COVID-19 were disproportionately non-white, from more deprived areas and more likely to be male and obese. Conventional severity scoring appeared not to adequately reflect their acute severity, with the distribution across PaO2/FiO2 ratio categories indicating acutely severe respiratory disease. Critical care patients with COVID-19 experience high mortality and place a great burden on critical care services.
102 citations
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University College London1, Vrije Universiteit Brussel2, University of Padua3, University of Oslo4, Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust5, Kuwait University6, Institute of Oncology Ljubljana7, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center8, Royal Hallamshire Hospital9, Karolinska Institutet10, Institut Gustave Roussy11, Medical University of Vienna12, Technische Universität München13
TL;DR: FNAC should be used in diagnosis of benign, symptomatic lesions and CB in microcalcifications, suspicious FNAC findings and malignancies where radiology cannot guarantee stromal invasion.
Abstract: Most participating countries have now adopted a triple assessment approach, i.e. clinical,imaging and pathology, to breast diagnosis, with FNAC as the first-line pathological investigation in both screening and symptomatic populations, with the exception of microcalcifications. Pathologists specialized in cytopathology are best qualified to collect and interpret FNAC samples, but this is not always possible or practical. Radiologists involved in breast imaging should ensure that they have the necessary skills to carry out FNAC under all forms of image guidance. Best results are achieved by a combination of both techniques, as shown in the image-guided FNAC in the presence of the cytopathologist. The majority of European countries use similar reporting systems for breast FNAC (C1-C5), in keeping with European Guidelines for Quality Assurance in Breast Cancer Screening and Diagnosis, although some still prefer descriptive reporting only. When triple assessment is concordant, final treatment may proceed on the basis of FNAC, without a tissue biopsy. ER and PR assessment can be done safely on FNAC material. However, not all institutions may have expertise in doing this. HER-2 protein expression on direct cytological preparations is insufficiently reliable for clinical use, although its use for FISH is possible, if expertise is available. The majority of participants practise a degree of one-stop diagnosis with a cytopathologist present in the out-patient clinic. Formal recognition of the importance of the time spent outside the laboratory, both for cytopathologist and cytotechnologist, is necessary in order to ensure appropriate resourcing. The use of core biopsy (CB) has increased, although not always for evidence-based reasons. CB and FNAC are not mutually exclusive. FNAC should be used in diagnosis of benign, symptomatic lesions and CB in microcalcifications, suspicious FNAC findings and malignancies where radiology cannot guarantee stromal invasion.
102 citations
Authors
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Name | H-index | Papers | Citations |
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Christopher J L Murray | 209 | 754 | 310329 |
Bruce M. Psaty | 181 | 1205 | 138244 |
Giuseppe Remuzzi | 172 | 1226 | 160440 |
Mika Kivimäki | 166 | 1515 | 141468 |
Simon I. Hay | 165 | 557 | 153307 |
Theo Vos | 156 | 502 | 186409 |
Ali H. Mokdad | 156 | 634 | 160599 |
Steven Williams | 144 | 1375 | 86712 |
Igor Rudan | 142 | 658 | 103659 |
Mohsen Naghavi | 139 | 381 | 169048 |
Christopher D.M. Fletcher | 138 | 674 | 82484 |
Martin McKee | 138 | 1732 | 125972 |
David A. Jackson | 136 | 1095 | 68352 |
Graham G. Giles | 136 | 1249 | 80038 |
Yang Liu | 129 | 2506 | 122380 |