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Institution

Hanoi School Of Public Health

EducationHanoi, Vietnam
About: Hanoi School Of Public Health is a education organization based out in Hanoi, Vietnam. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Population & Public health. The organization has 182 authors who have published 266 publications receiving 23330 citations.


Papers
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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: A high proportion of households experienced catastrophic expenditure following injury, highlighting the important need for programmes to prevent injuries, road traffic and fall-related injuries in particular.
Abstract: Objective Little is known about the costs of injury and their impact on injured persons and their families in Vietnam. This study aimed to examine the cost of injury in hospitalised patients and to identify the most costly injuries and those more likely to result in catastrophic household expenditure. Method A prospective cohort study was conducted, recruiting individuals admitted to Thai Binh General Hospital due to injury in Vietnam from January to August 2010. During the hospitalisation period, data on expenditure including direct medical, direct non-medical and indirect costs were collected. Demographic and injury characteristics were also obtained. The associations between the risk of catastrophic expenditure and injury cause, severity and principal injured region were examined by modified Poisson regression approach. Payment of more than 40% of the household non-subsistence spending was considered a catastrophic expenditure. Results Of 918 patients approached, 892 (97%) were recruited. Total costs for all participants during the hospitalisation period were US$ 325,812. Patients admitted for road injury accounted for the largest number of injuries ( n = 477, 53%), and the largest percentage of the total costs (US$ 175,044, 57%). This was followed by individuals hospitalised due to falls, representing 29% of the sample ( n = 261) and 31% of the total costs (US$ 103,128). In terms of cost per hospital stay, burn injuries were the most costly (US$ 427), followed by falls (US$ 395) and road crashes (US$ 367). Of all sample, 26% experienced catastrophic expenditure due to their injuries. Factors significantly associated with increased risk of catastrophic expenditure were having more severe or higher MAIS injuries (RR = 2.02, 95% CI: 1.14–3.57), principal injured region to lower extremities (RR = 3.34, 95% CI: 1.41–7.91) or head (RR = 3.21, 95% CI: 1.37–7.52), longer hospital stay (RR = 1.09, 95% CI: 1.07–1.10), older age, lower income and not having insurance (RR = 1.63, 95% CI: 1.21–2.21). Conclusion A high proportion of households experienced catastrophic expenditure following injury, highlighting the important need for programmes to prevent injuries, road traffic and fall-related injuries in particular. Furthermore, expansion of health insurance coverage may help individuals cope with the financial consequences of injury.

41 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: This study shows that professional exposure to wastewater and excreta during agricultural activities are significantly contributing to the risk of diarrhoeal episodes in adults.
Abstract: Background: Despite the potential health risks of wastewater and excreta use as fertiliser in agriculture, it is still widespread in Vietnam. However, the importance of diarrheal risk in adults’ associated with the combined exposures to both excreta and wastewater use in agriculture is largely unknown. This study was carried out to determine diarrhoeal incidence and associated risk factors among the adult population exposed to wastewater and excreta used in agriculture in Hanam province, Vietnam. Methods: An open cohort of 867 adults, aged 16–65 years, was followed weekly for 12 months to determine the incidence of diarrhoea. A nested case–control study was used to assess the risk factors of diarrhoeal episodes. Two hundred and thirty-two pairs of cases and controls were identified and exposure information related to wastewater, human and animal excreta, personal hygiene practices, and food and water consumption was collected. Results: The incidence rate of reported diarrhoea was 0.28 episodes per person-years at risk. The risk factors for diarrhoeal diseases included direct contact with the Nhue River water (odds ratio [OR] = 2.4, attributable fraction [AF] 27%), local pond water (OR = 2.3, AF 14%), composting of human excreta for a duration less than 3 months (OR = 2.4, AF 51%), handling human excreta in field work (OR = 5.4, AF 7%), handling animal excreta in field work (OR = 3.3, AF 36%), lack of protective measures while working (OR = 6.9, AF 78%), never or rarely washing hands with soap (OR =3.3, AF 51%), use of rainwater for drinking (OR= 5.4, AF 77%) and eating raw vegetables the day before (OR =2.4, AF 12%). Conclusions: Our study shows that professional exposure to wastewater and excreta during agricultural activities are significantly contributing to the risk of diarrhoea in adults. The highest attributable fractions were obtained for direct contact with Nhue River and local ponds, handling practices of human and animal excreta as fertilisers, lack of protective measures while working and poor personal hygiene practices, and unsafe food and water consumption were associated with the risk of diarrhoeal episodes in adults. Improve personal hygiene practices and use of relevant treated wastewater and excreta as the public health measures to reduce these exposures will be most effective and are urgently warranted.

41 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: It is suggested that more studies on identifying, quantitatively assessing, and mitigating health risks are needed if sustainable benefits are to be obtained from wastewater and excreta reuse in agriculture in Southeast Asia.
Abstract: The use of wastewater and excreta in agriculture is a common practice in Southeast Asia; however, concerns remain about the potential public health risks of this practice. We undertook a scoping review to examine the extent, range, and nature of literature, as well as synthesize the evidence for associations between wastewater and excreta management practices and public health risks in Southeast Asia. Three electronic databases (PubMed, CAB Direct, and Web of Science) were searched and a total of 27 relevant studies were included and evaluated. The available evidence suggested that possible occupational health risks of wastewater and excreta management practices include diarrhea, skin infection, parasitic infection, bacterial infection, and epilepsy. Community members can be at risk for adverse health outcomes through consuming contaminated fish, vegetables, or fruits. Results suggested that practices including handling, treatment, and use of waste may be harmful to human health, particularly farmer's health. Many studies in this review, however, had limitations including lack of gender analyses, exposure assessment, and longitudinal study designs. These findings suggest that more studies on identifying, quantitatively assessing, and mitigating health risks are needed if sustainable benefits are to be obtained from wastewater and excreta reuse in agriculture in Southeast Asia.

41 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The authors conducted qualitative interviews with poultry farmers, retailers, market stall holders and consumers in Hong Kong, Guangzhou, Vietnam, and Thailand using purposive sampling and analyzed using ethnographic principles.
Abstract: Background Health education to reduce population poultry exposures has limited effect. Lay beliefs about H5N1 highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) causes could provide insights helpful for improving public health interventions. Methods Qualitative interviews of poultry farmers, retailers, market stall holders and consumers in Hong Kong (n ¼ 20), Guangzhou (n ¼ 25), Vietnam (n ¼ 38) and Thailand (n ¼ 40) were conducted using purposive sampling and analysed using ethnographic principles. Results Each location produced three comparable themes: ‘viruses’: HPAI exemplified a periodic, natural, disease process therefore, deserving little concern. For some, science had ‘discovered’ something long known to farmers and lived with for generations. Others believe the virus to be new. Viral ecology was reasonably well understood among farmers, but less so by retailers and consumers; ‘husbandry practices’ included poor hygiene, overcrowding and industrial farming, modern commercial feed and veterinary drugs; ‘vulnerability factors’ included uncontrollable ‘external’ explanations involving the weather, seasonal changes, bird migrations and pollution. Conclusions Lay explanations were generally ecologically consistent. Nonetheless, beliefs that HPAI is a normal, recurrent process, external factors and roles of industrialized poultry rearing countered health worker claims of H5N1 seriousness for smallholders. These causal beliefs incorporate contemporary models of H5N1 ecology, but in a manner that contradicts public health efforts at control.

40 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Fathers may positively influence the breastfeeding practices of mothers, and as a resource for early childcare, they can be mobilized in programmes aimed at improving the early initiation of breastfeeding.
Abstract: Fathers have an important but often neglected role in the promotion of healthy breastfeeding practices in developing countries. A community-based education intervention was designed to mobilize fathers' support for early breastfeeding. This study aimed to evaluate an education intervention targeting fathers to increase the proportion of early breastfeeding initiation and to reduce prelacteal feeding. Quasi-experimental study design was used to compare intervention and control areas located in two non-adjacent rural districts that shared similar demographic and health service characteristics in northern Viet Nam. Fathers and expectant fathers with pregnant wives from 7 to 30 weeks gestational age were recruited. Fathers in the intervention area received breastfeeding education materials, counselling services at a commune health centre and household visits. They were also invited to participate in a breastfeeding promotion social event. After intervention, early breastfeeding initiation rate was 81.2% in the intervention area and 39.6% in the control area (P < 0.001). Babies in the intervention area were more likely to be breastfed within the first hour after birth [odds ratio (OR) 7.64, 95% confidence interval (CI) 4.81-12.12] and not to receive any prelacteal feeding (OR 4.43, 95% CI 2.88-6.82) compared with those in the control area. Fathers may positively influence the breastfeeding practices of mothers, and as a resource for early childcare, they can be mobilized in programmes aimed at improving the early initiation of breastfeeding.

40 citations


Authors

Showing all 182 results

NameH-indexPapersCitations
Lesley Rushton4314854555
Hoang Van Minh3717810897
Huyen Phuc Do265424689
Hung Nguyen-Viet221241451
Long Hoang Nguyen18548074
Arie Rotem1757927
Vu Sinh Nam17281380
Sally Hutchings163713502
Tran Huu Bich1618818
Dinh Thi Phuong Hoa1621645
Lea Fortunato13225168
Phuc Pham-Duc1332426
Nguyen Thanh Huong1217356
Huong Thanh Nguyen12232944
Linh Cu Le1120436
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Performance
Metrics
No. of papers from the Institution in previous years
YearPapers
20211
20204
20191
201810
201724
201656