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Institution

Hayatabad Medical Complex

HealthcarePeshawar, Pakistan
About: Hayatabad Medical Complex is a healthcare organization based out in Peshawar, Pakistan. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Population & Visual analogue scale. The organization has 460 authors who have published 418 publications receiving 2025 citations.


Papers
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Journal ArticleDOI
01 Feb 2019-BMJ Open
TL;DR: The prevalence of type 2 diabetes and prediabetes is much higher than previously thought in Pakistan and comprehensive strategies need to be developed to incorporate screening, prevention and treatment of type 1 diabetes at a community level.
Abstract: Objectives We conducted a Pakistan-wide community-based survey on the prevalence of type 2 diabetes using glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) as the screening test. The aim was to estimate diabetes prevalence across different demographic groups as well as all regions of Pakistan. Design, settings and participants Multistaged stratified cluster sampling was used for the representative selection of people aged ≥20 years, residing in 378 sampled clusters of 16 randomly selected districts, in this cross-sectional study. Eligible participants had blood drawn for HbA1c analyses at field clinics near to their homes. The oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) was conducted on a subsample of the participants. Overall and stratified prevalence of type 2 diabetes and its association with risk factors were estimated using logistic regression models. Main outcome measures Prevalence of prediabetes and type 2 diabetes. Results Of 18 856 eligible participants the prevalence of prediabetes was 10.91% (95% CI 10.46 to 11.36, n=2057) and type 2 diabetes was 16.98% (95% CI 16.44 to 17.51, n=3201). Overall, the mean HbA1c level was 5.62% (SD 1.96), and among newly diagnosed was 8.56% (SD 2.08). The prevalence was highest in age 51–60 years (26.03%, p Conclusions The prevalence of type 2 diabetes and prediabetes is much higher than previously thought in Pakistan. Comprehensive strategies need to be developed to incorporate screening, prevention and treatment of type 2 diabetes at a community level.

95 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Considering their efficacy, safety, pleiotropic benefits, and low cost of therapy, SUs should be considered as recommended therapy for the treatment of diabetes in South Asia.
Abstract: Since their introduction in clinical practice in the 1950's, Sulfonylureas (SUs) have remained the main-stay of pharmacotherapy in the management of type 2 diabetes. Despite their well-established benefits, their place in therapy is inappropriately being overshadowed by newer therapies. Many of the clinical issues associated with the use of SUs are agent-specific, and do not pertain to the class as such. Modern SUs (glimepiride, gliclazide MR) are backed by a large body of evidence, experience, and most importantly, outcome data, which supports their role in managing patients with diabetes. Person-centred care, i.e., careful choice of SU, appropriate dosage, timing of administration, and adequate patient counseling, will ensure that deserving patients are not deprived of the advantages of this well-established class of anti-diabetic agents. Considering their efficacy, safety, pleiotropic benefits, and low cost of therapy, SUs should be considered as recommended therapy for the treatment of diabetes in South Asia. This initiative by SAFES aims to encourage rational, safe and smart prescription of SUs, and includes appropriate medication counseling.

87 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
23 Jul 2020-Heliyon
TL;DR: This study explored the FDA approved database of 7922 molecules and screened against the core polymerase along with cofactors and found strong candidates for the complex form as well which include Nacortocin, Cistinexine, Cisatracurium (among others).

67 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Overall, it is demonstrated that drug-resistant TB isolates are circulating and transmitted in North West Pakistan and shown the usefulness of whole genome sequencing as a diagnostic tool for characterizing M. tuberculosis isolates, which will assist future epidemiological studies and disease control activities in Pakistan.
Abstract: Tuberculosis (TB), caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis bacteria, is a leading infectious cause of mortality worldwide, including in Pakistan. Drug resistant M. tuberculosis is an emerging threat for TB control, making it important to detect the underlying genetic mutations, and thereby inform treatment decision making and prevent transmission. Whole genome sequencing has emerged as the new diagnostic to reliably predict drug resistance within a clinically relevant time frame, and its deployment will have the greatest impact on TB control in highly endemic regions. To evaluate the mutations leading to drug resistance and to assess for evidence of the transmission of resistant strains, 81 M. tuberculosis samples from Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province (North West Pakistan) were subjected to whole genome sequencing and standard drug susceptibility testing for eleven anti-TB drugs. We found the majority of M. tuberculosis isolates were the CAS/Delhi strain-type (lineage 3; n = 57; 70.4%) and multi-drug resistant (MDR; n = 62; 76.5%). The most frequent resistance mutations were observed in the katG and rpoB genes, conferring resistance to isoniazid and rifampicin respectively. Mutations were also observed in genes conferring resistance to other first and second-line drugs, including in pncA (pyrazinamide), embB (ethambutol), gyrA (fluoroquinolones), rrs (aminoglycosides), rpsL, rrs and giB (streptomycin) loci. Whilst the majority of mutations have been reported in global datasets, we describe unreported putative resistance markers in katG, ethA (ethionamide), gyrA and gyrB (fluoroquinolones), and pncA. Analysis of the mutations revealed that acquisition of rifampicin resistance often preceded isoniazid in our isolates. We also observed a high proportion (17.6%) of pre-MDR isolates with fluoroquinolone resistance markers, potentially due to unregulated anti-TB drug use. Our isolates were compared to previously sequenced strains from Pakistan in a combined phylogenetic tree analysis. The presence of lineage 2 was only observed in our isolates. Using a cut-off of less than ten genome-wide mutation differences between isolates, a transmission analysis revealed 18 M. tuberculosis isolates clustering within eight networks, thereby providing evidence of drug-resistant TB transmission in the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province. Overall, we have demonstrated that drug-resistant TB isolates are circulating and transmitted in North West Pakistan. Further, we have shown the usefulness of whole genome sequencing as a diagnostic tool for characterizing M. tuberculosis isolates, which will assist future epidemiological studies and disease control activities in Pakistan.

65 citations

Journal Article
TL;DR: A significant proportion of children with recurrent abdominal pain were infected with Giardia lamblia and this study supports its potential role in recurrent abdominalPain in children.
Abstract: INTRODUCTION To assess the frequency and causative role of Giardia lamblia infection in children with recurrent abdominal pain in our setup. METHODS Prospective observational study of 239 children with recurrent abdominal pain was conducted at Department of Paediatrics, Postgraduate Medical institute, Hayatabad Medical Complex, Peshawar, from November 2004 to July 2006. Inclusion criteria was children from 4 to 14 years having recurrent abdominal pain defined as greater than three episodes of abdominal pain, in the last 3 months severe enough to affect the daily activities of the child. Fresh stool specimen was collected from each child for laboratory examination. Those with negative results had two other samples taken at different times. Positive cases were treated with metronidazole or tinidazole. Stool examination was repeated 1 week after the end of the treatment, followed by evaluation of complaints for the next 6 months. RESULTS Seventy-four (30.96%) children were positive for giardiasis. Thirty-eight were positive in their first sample, while 27 and 9 were in their second and third samples respectively. Giardia cysts were positive in 93% and trophozoite in 7%. Mean age of positive cases was 86+/-47 months. The mean duration of pain was 158+/-64 days, with 42% having pain for more than 6 months. Abdominal cramps, nausea and vomiting, abdominal distension, flatulence/bloating, anorexia and weight loss were the main clinical symptoms observed. Poor health hygiene, poor toilet training, overcrowding, and low socioeconomic status were observed risk factors. Stools were negative for giardiasis one week after the end of treatment. Only 76% children returned for follow-up and all were free of any complaints. CONCLUSION A significant proportion of children with recurrent abdominal pain were infected with Giardia lamblia and this study supports its potential role in recurrent abdominal pain in children.

54 citations


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Performance
Metrics
No. of papers from the Institution in previous years
YearPapers
20223
202189
202062
201934
201822
201724