Showing papers by "Henan University of Technology published in 2007"
TL;DR: In this article, the preliminary results of using alkaline earth metal-doped zinc oxide as a heterogeneous catalyst for transesterification of soybean oil were reported, where the highest catalytic activity was obtained with ZnO loaded with 2.5mmol Sr(NO 3 ) 2 /g, followed by calcination at 873k for 5h.
250 citations
TL;DR: The transesterification of soybean oil with methanol to methyl esters was carried out using NaX zeolites loaded with KOH as a solid base catalyst with best result obtained with NaXZeolite loaded with 10% KOH.
241 citations
TL;DR: The results suggested that AFM could bring insightful knowledge on food properties, and the AFM analysis could be used to illustrate some mechanisms of property changes during processing and storage.
Abstract: Atomic force microscopy (AFM) provides a method for detecting nanoscale structural information. First, this review explains the fundamentals of AFM, including principle, manipulation, and analysis. Applications of AFM are then reported in food science and technology research, including qualitative macromolecule and polymer imaging, complicated or quantitative structure analysis, molecular interaction, molecular manipulation, surface topography, and nanofood characterization. The results suggested that AFM could bring insightful knowledge on food properties, and the AFM analysis could be used to illustrate some mechanisms of property changes during processing and storage. However, the current difficulty in applying AFM to food research is lacking appropriate methodology for different food systems. Better understanding of AFM technology and developing corresponding methodology for complicated food systems would lead to a more in-depth understanding of food properties at macromolecular levels and enlarge their applications. The AFM results could greatly improve the food processing and storage technologies.
142 citations
TL;DR: Tungsten-doped ordered SBA-15 prepared by the in situ synthesis method was systematically characterized by UV-Raman, UV-vis DRS, FT-IR, XPS, and H2-TPR as mentioned in this paper.
101 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, Li/ZnO catalysts were used for soybean oil transesterification, and the performance was greatly dependent on the loading amount of lithium and the calcination temperature.
Abstract: Biodiesel produced by the transesterification of vegetable oils or animal fats with short-chain alcohols (typically methanol) is a promising alternative fuel for diesel engines, because of the limited resources of fossil fuels and environmental concerns. In this work, Li/ZnO catalysts were prepared using an impregnation method followed by calcinations, and then they were tested for soybean oil transesterification. It was determined that Li/ZnO catalysts exhibited good catalytic activities, and the catalytic performance was greatly dependent on (i) the loading amount of lithium and (ii) the calcination temperature. This Li/ZnO catalyst, at an amount of 5 wt %, resulted in a soybean oil conversion of 96.3% in 3 h using a reflux of methanol and a 12:1 molar ratio of methanol to oil. Moreover, the catalyst was characterized using X-ray diffractometry (XRD), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), infrared (IR) spectroscopy, thermogravimetry−differental thermal analysis (TG-DTA), and the Hammett titration meth...
92 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors investigated changes in functional properties of wheat gluten as affected by cross-linking with microbial transglutaminase (TGase) and found significant improvements in rheological properties, water-holding capacity and texture properties of the TGase-induced gluten gels.
78 citations
TL;DR: In order to make full use of tartary buckwheat, a new method separating flavonoid-rich parts from entire kernels and a new process of extracting and purifying flavonoids from these flavonoidal rich parts were introduced by ultraviolet-visible spectrometer (UV) and electrospray ionized mass spectrometry (ESI-MS) as mentioned in this paper.
73 citations
TL;DR: For the case of light-tailed claims, using the martingale technique, this paper obtained for the infinite-time ruin probability a Lundberg-type upper bound, which captures certain information of dependence between the two marginal surplus processes.
Abstract: We follow some recent works to study the ruin probabilities of a bidimensional perturbed insurance risk model. For the case of light-tailed claims, using the martingale technique we obtain for the infinite-time ruin probability a Lundberg-type upper bound, which captures certain information of dependence between the two marginal surplus processes. For the case of heavy-tailed claims, we derive for the finite-time ruin probability an explicit asymptotic estimate.
69 citations
15 Dec 2007
TL;DR: A generic ranking scheme is presented that assigns dominance degrees to any set of vectors in a scale- independent, nonsymmetric and set-dependent manner and the corresponding extension of the Standard Genetic Algorithm, so-called Fuzzy-Dominance GA (FDGA), is presented.
Abstract: This paper studies the fuzzification of the Pareto dominance relation and its application to the design of Evolutionary Many-Objective Optimization algorithms. A generic ranking scheme is presented that assigns dominance degrees to any set of vectors in a scale- independent, nonsymmetric and set-dependent manner. Different fuzzy-based definitions of optimality and dominated solution are introduced. The corresponding extension of the Standard Genetic Algorithm, so-called Fuzzy-Dominance GA (FDGA), will be presented as well. To verify the usefulness of such an approach, the approach is tested on analytical test cases in order to show its validity.
68 citations
TL;DR: Wang et al. as discussed by the authors determined the contribution of different protein fractions to 25 Chinese varieties on wheat-based noodle quality, and found that the average ratio of monomeric protein, soluble glutenin and insoluble glutenin in Chinese Huanghuai winter wheat was 3.7:1.
62 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, a transesterification of soybean oil to biodiesel using Ba-ZnO as a solid catalyst was investigated, and the results showed that the catalysts exhibited the highest basicity and the best catalytic activity for the reaction.
Abstract: The transesterification of soybean oil to biodiesel using Ba–ZnO as a solid catalyst was investigated. The Ba–ZnO sample with loading of 2.5 mmol/g Ba on ZnO and being calcined at 873 K for 5 h, was found to be the optimum catalyst, which could exhibit the highest basicity and the best catalytic activity for the reaction. When the transesterification reaction was carried out at reflux of methanol (338 K), with a 12:1 molar ratio of methanol to oil and a catalyst amount of 6 wt.%, the conversion of soybean oil was 95.8%. Furthermore, XRD, XPS, DTA–TG and the Hammett indicator method were employed for the catalyst characterizations, and the relation between the catalytic efficiency and the basicity of the catalysts was also discussed.
TL;DR: This investigation is to evaluate a new method for remediation of Cr(VI) in COPR, which was mixed with reductants, sucrose, starch or flour, and was calcinated at elevated temperatures in inertial gas.
TL;DR: In this paper, the relationship between GMP contents measured by UV absorption method/RP-HPLC and dough viscoelastic properties determined by TA-XT2i texturometer from three wheat varieties (Xiaoyan6, Yumai56 and Zhengnong8805) during mixing was investigated.
14 Sep 2007
TL;DR: A novel blind watermark extracting scheme using the Discrete Wavelet Transform (DWT) and Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) algorithm that results in an almost invisible difference between the watermarked image and the original image, and is robust to common image processing operations and JPEG lossy compression.
Abstract: In this paper, a novel blind watermark extracting scheme using the Discrete Wavelet Transform (DWT) and Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) algorithm is introduced. The watermark is embedded to the discrete multiwavelet transform (DMT) coefficients larger than some threshold values, and watermark extraction is efficiently performed via particle swarm optimization algorithm.The experimental results show that the proposed watermarking scheme results in an almost invisible difference between the watermarked image and the original image, and is robust to common image processing operations and JPEG lossy compression.
TL;DR: This paper considers the rescheduling problem for jobs on a single machine with release dates to minimize makespan under a limit on the maximum sequence disruption and shows that the considered problem can be solved in polynomial time.
TL;DR: In this article, the application of the method of fundamental solutions along with the analog equation method (AEM) and radial basis function (RBF) approximation for solving the 2D isotropic and anisotropic Helmholtz problems with different wave numbers is described.
TL;DR: It is proposed that the structures formed were determined by whether the solution penetrated into the gelatin molecules evenly or not during hydrolysis, and a scheme for the formation of annular pores and spherical aggregates is proposed.
Abstract: To determine the nanostructure of gelatin from catfish (Ictalurus punctatus) skin, atomic force microscopy (AFM) was used to study gelatin aggregates. The gelatin was extracted at an optimized acid concentration after alkaline processing. First, the AFM imaging parameters were optimized to obtain high-quality images. Then height mode with a 2-dimensional plane, 3-dimensional topographical images, and error signal mode images, which removed slow variations in surface topography but highlighted the edges of sample features, were used to analyze the structure of particles. The results describe fish gelatin at a nanoscale level for the first time and are compared with AFM images of mammalian gelatins. Both annular pores with diameters averaging 118 nm and spherical aggregates with an average diameter of 267 nm were seen in the AFM images of fish gelatin. From the AFM images, we propose that the structures formed were determined by whether the solution penetrated into the gelatin molecules evenly or not during hydrolysis. A scheme for the formation of annular pores and spherical aggregates is proposed.
TL;DR: Among the 640 tested materials, 39 lacked 11S-1 but none lacked the other 11S sub unit groups, while deficiencies existed in all the six subunit groups of 7S, indicating a great potential for the genetic variation of protein components and subunits for breeding for the improvement of protein qualities.
Abstract: Protein extracts of 640 soybean cultivars and landraces, mainly from China and a few from the US, were analyzed for their components and subunits based on distribution patterns of bands with varying molecular weights (MW) under SDS-PAGE (sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis). The number and molecular weight of the bands in SDS-PAGE varied among materials and showed a tendency of continuous distribution. Accordingly, the SDS-PAGE patterns of the soybean protein extracts were divided into two regions: the region of bands with MW < 44 KDa and that with MW ≥ 44 KDa. The first region containing mainly 11S proteins was divided into four parts, called subunit groups, i.e. 11S-1 (14.4–22 KDa), 11S-2 (22–26 KDa), 11S-3 (26–34 KDa) and 11S-4 (34–44 KDa). The second region containing mainly 7S protein was divided into six subunit groups, i.e. 7S-1 (44–49 KDa), 7S-2 (49–55 KDa), 7S-3 (55–67 KDa), 7S-4 (67–73 KDa), 7S-5 (73–82 KDa) and 7S-6 (82–91 KDa). The sum of relative contents of 11S-1–11S-4 was obtained as the relative content of 11S protein, those of 7S-1–7S-6 as that of 7S protein, and therefore, the 11S/7S ratio obtained. The proposed criteria were demonstrated to be simple, stable and feasible. Among the 640 tested materials, 39 lacked 11S-1 but none lacked the other 11S subunit groups, while deficiencies existed in all the six subunit groups of 7S, indicating a great potential for the genetic variation of protein components and subunits for breeding for the improvement of protein qualities.
TL;DR: In this article, the interaction and colorimetric sensing properties of the calix[4]pyrrole-TCBQ charge-transfer complex with amino acids and amines in CHCl3/EtOH/H2O were investigated using UV/vis spectroscopic techniques.
TL;DR: In this article, a model of the gelatinization process for starch nano-unit chains was proposed, and it was shown that the nanounit chains contain crystalline areas and amorphous areas, and the blocklets of starch granules are formed by the twist or distortion of nano-chains.
TL;DR: In this paper, the dispersive stability of nano-SiO 2 with coupling agent A-174 has been investigated, then in situ nano SiO 2 -MMA/BA/MAA copolymerization has been polymerized.
TL;DR: The PANI nanofibers have diameters in the range of 20-50 nm and lengths up to several micrometers and properties of the as-prepared products were characterized by thermogravimetric analysis, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and ultraviolet-visible absorption spectrum as mentioned in this paper.
Abstract: Polyaniline (PANI) nanofibers were synthesized in the presence of Polyethylene glycol. The morphologies of polyaniline nanostructures were characterized by scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy. The PANI nanofibers have diameters in the range of 20–50 nm and lengths up to several micrometers. The properties of the as-prepared products were characterized by thermogravimetric analysis, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy and ultraviolet-visible absorption spectrum. CV experiment shows the obtained PANI nanofibers has good electrochemical activity.
TL;DR: The reliability of the experimental tie-line data was ascertained by applying the Othmer−Tobias correlation as mentioned in this paper, which correlated with the NRTL and UNIQUAC models successfully.
Abstract: Liquid−liquid equilibria of the ternary system water + acetic acid + methyl tert-butyl ether were studied from 293.15 K to 318.15 K at atmospheric pressure. Distribution coefficients and separation factors were evaluated for the immiscibility region. The reliability of the experimental tie-line data was ascertained by applying the Othmer−Tobias correlation. The experimental results were also correlated with the NRTL and UNIQUAC models successfully.
Journal Article•
Abstract: A simple and rapid microwave-assisted extraction (MAE) procedure has been developed and optimized for extracting triterpenoids (TTP) from the Actinidia deliciosa root. Several variables that could potentially affect the extraction efficiency, namely extraction time (min), ethanol fraction (%), liquid:solid ratio (volume per mass) and microwave power (W) have been optimized by means of response surface methodology (RSM). The results suggest that ethanol concentration and microwave power were statistically most significant factors. The optimal conditions were determined and three-dimensional response surfaces were plotted from the mathematical models. The optimum conditions were ethanol fraction 72.67 %, microwave power 362.12 W, liquid:solid ratio (volume per mass) 15:1 and extraction time 30 min. Under the optimum operating conditions, the percentage of extracted TTP was 84.96 %, and MAE showed significantly higher recoveries than those obtained by the conventional extraction methods (ultrasonic and reflux extraction). In addition, a drastic reduction of the extraction time (30 min vs. 8 h) and solvent consumption (15 vs. 30) was achieved, comparable with that provided by the reflux extraction as a reference method.
30 Jul 2007
TL;DR: Comparison between the proposed PSO-based algorithm for document classification and other conventional document classification algorithms is conducted and results indicate that the proposed algorithm yields much better performance than other conventional algorithms.
Abstract: Due to the exponential growth of documents in the Internet and the emergent need to organize them, the automatic document classification has received an ever-increased attention in the recent years. The particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm, new to the document classification community, is a robust stochastic evolutionary algorithm based on the movement and intelligence of swarms. In this paper, a PSO-based algorithm for document classification is presented. Comparison between our method and other conventional document classification algorithms is conducted on Reuter and TREC corpora. The experimental results indicate that our proposed algorithm yields much better performance than other conventional algorithms.
24 Aug 2007
TL;DR: A novel multicast routing algorithm based on the particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm is proposed and the experimental results show that this algorithm has better performance and efficiency.
Abstract: Multicast routing problem arises in many multimedia communication applications, computing the band-width-delay constrained least cost multicast routing tree is an NP-complete problem. In this paper, a novel multicast routing algorithm based on the particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm is proposed. The experimental results show that this algorithm has better performance and efficiency.
TL;DR: Wang et al. as discussed by the authors investigated the effect of DATEM on Chinese steamed bread (CSB) quality and other parameters for bread quality, and found that the effect was complex.
Abstract: Diacetyl tartaric acid ester of monoglycerides (DATEM) is a kind of anionic emulsifier. To date, the positive effect of DATEM on the volume of bread has been reported, but the effects on Chinese steamed bread (CSB) quality and other parameters for bread quality are still unclear. The effects of DATEM on the characteristics of dough and the qualities of CSB and bread were investigated. The results showed that, the effects of DATEM on the rheological properties of dough were complex. Water absorption ratio of CSB dough decreased slightly, while that of bread dough increased slightly. But gas retention and structure improved and gluten strength increased for both CSB and bread doughs after DATEM was added. The studies also showed that structure, elasticity, tenacity, and whiteness of CSB were improved, but specific volume was almost unchanged. The structure, color, and smoothness were significantly improved for bread, and specific volume increased compared with the control. The optimal quantities of...
TL;DR: In this article, a synthetic graft copolymer of crosslinked starch/acrylonitrile was used as an adsorbent for the removal of Cu(II) ions from an aqueous solution of copper nitrate hexahydrate Cu(NO 3 ) 2 ǫ·6H 2 O at different temperatures and fixed pH.
30 Jul 2007
TL;DR: A novel method for moving object detection in foggy days is presented, leveraging a physics-based image restoration approach and a novel background maintenance algorithm based on the Unscented Kalman Filter to subtract the background from the defogged video.
Abstract: Intelligent visual surveillance system can work normally under clear weather. But under bad weather, especially in foggy days, it can not detect moving objects accurately due to low scene visibility. Our research aims to resolve this problem. This paper presents a novel method for moving object detection in foggy days. Firstly, surveillance video under foggy weather is defogged, leveraging a physics-based image restoration approach. Secondly, we exploit a novel background maintenance algorithm based on the Unscented Kalman Filter(UKF) to subtract the background from the defogged video. Finally, moving objects are segmented by background differencing. Evaluations are performed to verify the effectiveness and practicality of this approach. Experimental results show that our method can be applied in real time surveillance systems.