Henan University of Technology

About: Henan University of Technology is a education organization based out in Zhengzhou, China. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Catalysis & Chemistry. The organization has 7648 authors who have published 6503 publications receiving 73067 citations. The organization is also known as: Hénán Gōngyè Dàxué.

GC-MS, GC-O and OAV analyses of key aroma compounds in Jiaozi Steamed Bread

Abstract: Jiaozi Steamed Bread (JSB) has a unique aroma as a traditional staple food in China. The volatile compounds in JSB were extracted by simultaneous distillation and extraction (SDE) and headspace solid-phase microextraction (HS-SPME). These volatile substances were analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and gas chromatography-olfactometry-mass spectrometry (GC-O-MS). The results demonstrated that 61 volatile compounds were identified totally in samples, of which 15 were confirmed as potent aroma compounds with odor active values (OAVs) >1. The 15 potent aroma compounds were ethanol, 1-butanol, 1-pentanol, 1-hexanol, heptanol, 1-octen-3-ol, 3-methyl-1-butanol, hexanal, heptanal, nonanal, (E)-2-heptenal, benzaldehyde, (E, E)-2,4-decadienal, 2-pentylfuran and naphthalene. The SDE method had better linearity with coefficients of determination (R2) equal to or higher than 0.9991. Furthermore, the SDE method also achieved lower sensitivity and better repeatability and recovery than HS-SPME. This work provides reference method and parameters for future research on the flavor of JSB for commercial products.

Effects of Vacuum Impregnation with Calcium Ascorbate and Disodium Stannous Citrate on Chinese Red Bayberry

Abstract: This study aimed to improve the shelf life of Chinese red bayberries using vacuum impregnation. Vacuum pressure of 5 kPa for 15 min, atmospheric pressure for 10 min, an impregnation temperature of 20 °C, alone or in combination with isotonic sucrose solution, 1% food-grade disodium stannous citrate (DSC) and 2% food-grade calcium ascorbate were used for vacuum impregnation. Quality parameters, including firmness, weight loss, decay rate, microbial counts and polyphenol oxidase (PPO) and peroxidase (POD) activities, of red bayberries were studied at 2 °C for 10 days. The monosaccharide components, chemical structures and nanostructure properties of chelate-soluble pectin (CSP) were further studied using high-performance liquid chromatography, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and atomic force microscopy (AFM). The results indicated that vacuum impregnation with calcium ascorbate alone or calcium ascorbate combined with DSC showed significant effects on inhibiting the decrease of firmness (4–10 days), the increase of weight loss (2–10 days), decay rate (4–10 days) and microbial growth (2–10 days). In addition, vacuum impregnation with single calcium ascorbate or DSC or their combination significantly inhibited the increase of colour difference from day 6 to day 10 during storage, which was better than atmospheric impregnation. Furthermore, vacuum impregnation with DSC and calcium ascorbate had the best effect on sensory attributes. The nanostructure analysis by AFM showed CSP of large width and length when calcium ascorbate was impregnated, suggesting that vacuum impregnated with 2% calcium ascorbate inhibited the degradation and dissociation of CSP, although these fruits showed more branching of rhamnogalacturonan and a small change in chemical structure.

Improved ID3 algorithm

Abstract: as the classical algorithm of the decision tree classification algorithm, ID3 is famous for the merits of high classifying speed easy, strong learning ability and easy construction. But when use it to classify, there does exist the problem of inclining to chose attributions which has many values, which affects its practicality. This paper for solving the problem a decision tree algorithm based on attribute-importance is proposed. The improved algorithm uses attribute-importance to increase information gain of attribution which has fewer attributions and compares ID3 with improved ID3 by an example. The experimental analysis of the data show that the improved ID3 algorithm can get more reasonable and more effective rules.