Showing papers by "Heritage Institute of Technology published in 2010"

Classification of Black Tea Taste and Correlation With Tea Taster's Mark Using Voltammetric Electronic Tongue

Abstract: Tea quality assessment is a difficult task because of the presence of innumerable compounds and their diverse contribution to tea quality. As a result, instrumental evaluation of tea quality is not practiced in the industry, and tea samples are assessed by experienced tea tasters. There had been a very few reports where an electronic tongue has been used for the discrimination of taste of tea samples. In this paper, a voltammetric electronic tongue instrument is described, which can declare tea-taster-like scores for black tea. The electronic tongue is based on the principle of pulse voltammetry and consists of an array of five working electrodes along with a counter and a reference electrode. The five working electrodes are of gold, iridium, palladium, platinum, and rhodium. The voltage equivalent of the output current from between the working electrode and the counterelectrode generated out of the tea liquor when excited with pulse voltage between the working electrode and the reference electrode has been considered for data analysis. First, the sampled data have been compressed using discrete wavelet transform (DWT) and are then processed using principal component analysis (PCA) and linear discriminant analysis (LDA) for visualization of underlying clusters. Finally, different pattern recognition models based on neural networks are investigated to carry out a correlation study with the tea tasters' score of five different grades of black tea samples obtained from a tea garden in India. The efficacy of the classifier has been established using tenfold cross-validation methods.

Audio Steganography Using GA

Abstract: Audio Steganography is a method that ensures secured data transfer between parties normally in internet community. In this paper, we present a novel, principled approach to resolve the remained problems of substitution technique of Audio Steganography. We use most powerful encryption algorithm (RSA) to encrypt message in the first level of security, which is very complex to break. In the second level, we use a more powerful GA (Genetic Algorithm) based LSB (Least Significant Bit) Algorithm to encode the encrypted message into audio data. Here encrypted message bits are embedded into random and higher LSB layers, resulting in increased robustness against noise addition. On the other hand, GA operators are used to reduce the distortion.

Prevalence of cardiovascular disease risk factors in people of Asian Indian origin: Age and sex variation.

Abstract: Background: No study has been undertaken on people of Asian Indian origin to investigate the age and sex variation in the prevalence of cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors. Objectives: To investigate the age and sex variation in the prevalence of CVD risk factors among the people of Asian Indian origin. Materials and Methods: A total of 682 (302 males and 380 females) participants aged 25–85 years took part in the study. The subjects were categorized into 4 groups, namely, Group I (25–34 years), Group II (35–44 years), Group III (45–54 years), and Group IV (55 years and above). Height, weight, and the circumferences of minimum waist (MWC) and maximum hip were collected using standard techniques. Waist–hip ratio (WHR) was then calculated. Percentage of body fat (%BF) and body mass index (BMI) were measured using an Omron body fat analyzer. Left arm systolic (SBP) and diastolic (DBP) blood pressure were taken from each participant with the help of an Omron MI digital electronic blood/pulse monitor. Metabolic pro les, namely, total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), high (HDL), low (LDL), very low-density lipoprotein (VLDL), and fasting blood glucose (FBG) were also measured using an autoanalyzer. Results: One-way analysis of variance revealed signi cant differences for age, BMI, MWC, WHR, SBP, DBP, TC, TG, LDL, VLDL, and TC:HDL and TG:HDL ratios across the groups. It was observed that there were signi cant sex-speci c group differences (male [2 (12)] =29.22, P Key words: Aging, Asian Indians, cardiovascular disease, metabolic syndrome, obesity.

The solution of coupled fractional neutron diffusion equations with delayed neutrons

Abstract: The distribution of the neutron population in a nuclear reactor is described by using transport equations. One possible solution of the fractional neutron transport equation is given by the fractional neutron diffusion equation. This paper presents the application of an analytical approximation method for the solution of one group of fractional neutron diffusion equations with one group of delayed neutrons.

Wireless Sensor Networks and Its Routing Protocols: A Comparative Study

Abstract: Wireless sensor networks with hundreds to thousands of sensor nodes can collect information from an un attendant environment and transmit the collected information to a specific user depending on user end application. These sensor nodes have some constraints due to limited energy, storage capacity and computing power. Data sre routed from one node to another using different routing protocols. There are a number of routing protocols for wireless sensor network. In this review article, we discuss the architecture of the wireless sensor network. Further, we categorize the routing protocols according to some factors and summarize on their mode of operation. At the end, we put up a comparative study on these protocols.

GST profile expression study in some selected plants: in silico approach

Abstract: Glutathione acts as a protein disulphide reductant, which detoxifies herbicides by conjugation, either spontaneously or by the activity of one of a number of glutathione-S-transferases (GSTs), and regulates gene expression in response to environmental stress and pathogen attack. GSTs play roles in both normal cellular metabolisms as well as in the detoxification of a wide variety of xenobiotic compounds, and they have been intensively studied with regard to herbicide detoxification in plants. A newly discovered plant GST subclass has been implicated in numerous stress responses, including those arising from pathogen attack, oxidative stress and heavy-metal toxicity. In addition, plants GSTs play a role in the cellular response to auxins and during the normal metabolism of plant secondary products like anthocyanins and cinnamic acid. The present work involves two in silico analytical approaches-general secondary structure prediction studies of the proteins and detailed signature pattern studies of some selected GST classes in Arabdiopsis thaliana, mustard, maize and bread wheat by standard Bioinformatics tools; structure prediction tools; signature pattern tools; and the evolutionary trends were analyzed by ClustalW. For this purpose, sequences were obtained from standard databases. The work reveals that these proteins are mainly alpha helical in nature with specific signature pattern similar to phosphokinase C, tyrosine kinase and casein kinase II proteins, which are closely related to plant oxidative stress. This study aims to comprehend the relationship of GST gene family and plant oxidative stress with respect to certain specific conserved motifs, which may help in future studies for screening of biomodulators involved in plant stress metabolism.

Teleportation via a mixture of a two qubit subsystem of a N-qubit W and GHZ state

Abstract: In this work we study a state which is a random mixture of a two qubit subsystem of a N-qubit W state and GHZ state. We analyze several possibilities like separability criterion (Peres-Horodecki criterion [M. Horodecki, P. Horodecki, R. Horodecki, Phys. Lett. A 223, 1 (1996); A. Peres, Phys. Rev. Lett. 77, 1413 (1996)]), non violation of Bell’s inequality [J.F. Clauser, M.A. Horne, A. Shimony, R.A. Holt, Phys. Rev. Lett. 23, 80 (1969)] (M(ρ)<1) and teleportation fidelity [N. Gisin, Phys. Lett. A 210, 157 (1996); R. Horodecki, P. Horodecki, M. Horodecki, Phys. Lett. A 200, 340 (1995); S. Massar, S. Popescu, Phys. Rev. Lett. 74, 1259 (1995); S. Popescu, Phys. Rev. Lett. 72, 797 (1994); C.H. Bennett, G. Brassard, C. Crepeau, R. Jozsa, A. Peres, W.K. Wootters, Phys. Rev. Lett. 70, 1895 (1993)] $(F_{max}>\frac{2}{3})$ for this state. We also obtain a relationship between N (number of qubits) and p (the classical probability of random mixture) for each of these possibilities. Finally we present a detailed analysis of all these possibilities for N=3,4,5 qubit systems. We also report that for N=3 and $p\in(0.75,1]$ , this entangled state can be used as a teleportation channel without violating Bell’s inequality.

Hiding Data in Audio Signal

Abstract: This paper describes the LSB technique for secure data transfer. Secret information can be hidden inside all sorts of cover information: text, images, audio, video and more. Embedding secret messages in digital sound is usually a more difficult process. Varieties of techniques for embedding information in digital audio have been established. These are parity coding, phase coding, spread spectrum, echo hiding, LSB. Least significant bits (LSB) insertion is one of the simplest approaches to embedding information in audio file.

Purification and characterization of a low molecular weight endo-xylanase from mushroom Termitomyces clypeatus.

Abstract: A low molecular weight endo-xylanase (EC 3.2.1.8) was purified from an edible mushroom Termitomyces clypeatus grown in submerged medium with oat spelt xylan. Xylanase was purified to apparent homogeneity by ammonium sulfate fractionation and gel filtration chromatography. Its molecular weight was determined by gel filtration chromatography and sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis to be 12 kDa. The enzyme was found to be most active at 50°C and pH 5.0, being most stable at pH 6.5. The Km for oat spelt xylan was determined to be 10.4 mg/ml. The specificities of the enzyme was observed to be highly specific towards oat spelt xylan and was inhibited by mercuric chloride (HgCl2), N-bromosuccinimide, and trans-1,2-diaminocyclohexane-N′,N′,N′,N′-tetraacetic acid strongly. The inhibitory action of N-bromosuccinimide on enzyme confirmed the presence of one tryptophan residue in its substrate-binding site. Amino acid analysis for xylanase showed the presence of high amount of hydrophobic serine, glycine, threonine, and alanine residues. The N-terminal sequencing study for the previously purified and characterized 56 kDa xylanolytic amyloglucosidase reveal the presence of 33.30% identity with glucoamylase chain A from Aspergillus awamori. The N-terminal sequence analysis of the present 12 kDa enzyme showed highest similarity (72.22% identity) towards xylanase from Neurospora crassa.

Process Scheduling in Heterogeneous Multiprocessor Systems Using Task Duplication

Abstract: Scheduling tasks in heterogeneous parallel and distributed computing environments continues to be a challenging problem. In this paper, the authors investigate the Heterogeneous Earliest Finish Time HEFT algorithm, along with alternative scheduling policies for task prioritising phases and the Critical Path on a Processor CPOP for scheduling tasks on a heterogeneous multiprocessor system. The authors show that by combining the HEFT algorithm selection policy with the task duplication strategy, it is possible to further reduce the schedule length produced by both HEFT and CPOP. The process scheduling algorithm presented in this paper compares favourably with other algorithms that use a similar strategy. The proposed algorithm has a time complexity of ?i¾¦Vi¾¦2p + d, whererepresents the number of tasks, p represents the number of processors and d the maximum in-degree of tasks.

Tamarind Kernel Powder Co-induces Xylanase and Cellulase Production During Submerged Fermentation of Termitomyces clypeatus

Abstract: Tamarind kernel powder (TKP), a soluble agro-residue, was used to examine the production of both cellulolytic and xylanolytic enzymes in a submerged culture of Termitomyces clypeatus, an edible mushroom. Soluble TKP containing xyloglucan as the major polysaccharide induced all cellulolytic and xylanolytic enzymes, and enzyme production increased up to 3% (w/v) TKP with culture filtrate consisting of xylanase and CMCase at a ratio of 4: 1 app. Strong catabolic repression of enzyme production was also observed with the soluble substrate, although fed-batch addition of soluble substrate at late growth phase modified the enzyme kinetics by improving the yield by 30%. The results indicate that inducers were possibly released from TKP by cellulose and xylan fractions of the lignocellulosic polymer. Therefore, the present study reports the successful economic utilization of TKP, an abundantly available soluble agro-residue, for the production of both cellulolytic and xylanolytic enzymes in a single fermentation method.

Compact Differentially Fed Inverted Microstrip Circular Patch With an Integrated Coupler

Abstract: This letter presents a compact design of an inverted microstrip circular patch differentially fed by an integrated coupler. The compact design offers symmetric copolarized radiation in both principal planes and low cross-polarized radiation in the H-plane. A relatively high gain of 8.3 dBi is experimentally demonstrated. Moreover, the integrated unilayer coupler feed shares a common ground plane with the inverted patch providing a compact design.

RF parameter extraction of Bulk FinFET: A non quasi static approach

Abstract: In this paper, we present a simple and accurate method to extract the parasitic as well as the intrinsic components of a Bulk FinFET device. Based on the Y- parameter data obtained from the 3-dimensional device simulator Sentaurus TCAD, the parasitic components are de-embedded and an accurate modeling based on the equivalent small signal circuit is presented to extract the intrinsic parameters. The non-quasi static effect is included and so the model predicts the Y parameter values accurately at high frequencies.

Large Amplitude Free Vibration of a Rotating Nonhomogeneous Beam With Nonlinear Spring and Mass System

Abstract: This paper investigates the free out of plane vibration of a rotating nonhomogeneous beam with nonlinear spring and mass system. The effect of nonhomogeneity of the beam appears both in the governing equations and in the boundary conditions, but the nonlinear spring-mass effect appears in the boundary conditions only. The solution is obtained by applying the method of multiple time scales directly to the nonlinear partial differential equations and the boundary conditions. The results of the linear frequencies match well with those obtained in open literature. The effect of the nonhomogeneity of the stiffer beam (β=0.01) reduces the frequencies of vibration of the beam. A possible physical explanation of this reduced frequency of the nonhomogeneous beam is discussed. A subsequent nonlinear study of the nonhomogeneous beam indicates that the mass of the spring and its location also have a pronounced effect on the vibration of the beam. The effect of the nonhomogeneity of the beam on the relative stability of the nonlinear vibration of the beam with spring-mass system is also studied.

Estimation of the resonant frequency and magnetic polarizability of an edge coupled circular split ring resonator with rotated outer ring

Abstract: In this paper, a theoretical model is proposed to estimate the resonant frequency of a circular split ring resonator (C-SRR) in which the outer ring is rotated. The variation in the resonant frequency with angle of rotation of the SRR is theoretically calculated. The computed values are then compared with the simulated results using an electromagnetic simulator. Also, the magnetic polarizability for different angle of rotation is extracted from the simulated data.

Design of non accidental lane

Abstract: Design of Non Accidental Lane (DNAL) presents a new optimal lane analysis as a guide for designing of non accidental lane to serve better utilization of lane. The accident factors adjust the base model estimates for individual geometric design element dimensions and for traffic control features. The Design of Non Accidental Lane (DNAL) analysis technique is applied to the proposed design and speed optimization plan. Design of Non Accidental Lane can robustly manage and operations on lane for avoiding accident. Therefore how to increase the Speed optimization with non accidental zone of the Lane is widely concerting issue. There has been a limited research effort on the optimization of the DNAL systems.

Identification of Plant Using Leaf Image Analysis

Abstract: The trees are basically identified by their leaves. There are different varieties of trees grown throughout the world. Some are important cash crop. Some are used in medicine. The tree identification is very important in day to day life. Their identifications had been studied using various laboratory methods. The morphological and genetically characteristics were employed to classify different leafs. However, the presence of wide morphological varieties through evolution among the various leaf cultivars made it more complex and difficult to classify them. Therefore manual identification as well as classification of these leaves is a tedious task. During the last few decades computational biologists have studied various diversities among leaf due to huge number of evolutionary changes. Leaf structures play a very crucial role in determining the characteristics of a plant. The broad and narrow shaped leaves, leaf arrangement, leaf margin characteristics features which differentiate various leaf of a tree. This project proposed the methods to identify the leaf using an image analysis based approach.

A neurocomputing model for SODAR structure classification

Abstract: The manual identification of different types of atmospheric microstructures recorded by SODAR SOund Detection And Ranging is a tedious task and can be performed only by an expert with broad experience. To avoid this manual task, a neural network based method of SODAR structure classification system is proposed. This method is developed based on past observations of various meteorological parameters such as temperature, relative humidity and vapour pressure, along with different features computed from the SODAR structure data, which are images representing the dynamics of the planetary boundary layer PBL. The patterns of these images indicate the structure of different thermal patterns of the atmosphere. We propose a neural network model whose architecture combines multilayer perceptron networks MLPs to realize better performance after capturing the seasonality and other related effects in the atmospheric data. We also demonstrate that the use of appropriate features can further improve performance of the prediction system. These observations inspired us to use a feature selection neural network which can select good features online while learning the prediction task. The feature selection neural network is used as a preprocessor to select good features. The combined use of feature selection neural network and MLP, i.e. FSMLP feature selection multilayer perception results in a neural network system that uses only very few inputs but can produce a good classifier. Here we develop a real-time system that classifies the SODAR patterns automatically.

Active-R tunable integrators using a current differencing buffered amplifier

Abstract: Some new active-R integrator realisation schemes using the transadmittance pole of a current differencing buffered amplifier (CDBA) element are presented. The time constant (τ) is tunable by a single resistor whereas the integrator quality factor (Q) can be made very large with suitable realisability design. The active sensitivities of τ and Q are extremely low. As an application, a variable frequency sinusoid oscillator utilising the integrators in a loop has also been designed. Practical results using the hardware implementation and by PSPICE macromodel simulation are included for a frequency range of 1 MHz < f < 24 MHz.

Chain Based Hierarchical Routing Protocol for Wireless Sensor Networks

Abstract: Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) are very crucial network system in present day for getting information from an unattendant environment. The small tiny sensor nodes can sense environment’s condition (temperature, pressure, humidity etc.) and send data to a particular location through wireless sensor networks. For collecting data from such an environment through these sensor nodes, there are different existing approaches in WSNs. LEACH[1] is one of them energy efficient cluster based routing protocol. In this paper we try to improve LEACH protocol by introducing a chain among the sensor nodes in each and every cluster as discussed in PEGASIS[2] protocol. The cluster heads get accumulated data or information from this chain and send it to its nearest base station (BS). Due to limited resources (energy, storage capacity, computing power etc) the lifetime of the sensor nodes are very restricted. LEACH protocol saves energy of the total network by using randomization for distributing the energy load among the sensor nodes and thus it enhances the lifespan of the network. But in the modified protocol, each sensor nodes except the cluster head sends sensed data to its nearest node, not to the cluster head like LEACH. As a result each node can preserve some energy and thus enhancing life span of the system. Moreover, since each node sends data to its nearest node, the modified approach can complete every round more quickly.

Retracted: Energy Efficient, Chain Based Clustering Routing Protocol for Wireless Sensor Networks

Abstract: In this paper we try to improve the LEACH [1] protocol by implementing a chain among the cluster head (CH) nodes. Initially, the clusters are formed and the sensor nodes are kept under any one of the cluster heads according to the LEACH protocol. In LEACH, after sensing the environment, all the sensor nodes transmit the sensed data to its own CH at their time schedule. The CHs fuse all data and send them to base station (BS). The BS get information from all the cluster heads. In our approach, all the CHs form a chain among themselves and only one CH (called leader) nearest to BS sends data to this base station by implementing the concept of PEGASIS [2] protocol. This chain is started from the farthest CH from BS and ending at CH nearest to BS. Each CH gets data from its previous CH in the chain, fuses its own data and sends it to its next CH in the chain. The CH, nearest to BS within this chain only sends data to BS. LEACH, a clustering based protocol uses randomization among the CHs to distribute the energy load among the sensors and thus it reduces energy dissipation. In our protocol, in addition to this energy reduction, the CHs decrease the data transmission and energy among them by incorporating a chain based clustering approach.

Directed graph pattern synthesis in LSB technique on video steganography

Abstract: In this paper, we propose a data hiding and extraction procedure for high resolution AVI videos. Although AVI videos are large in size but it can be transmitted from source to target over network after processing the source video by using these Data hiding and Extraction procedure securely. There are two different procedures, which are used here at the sender's end and receiver's end respectively. The procedures are used here as the key of Data Hiding and Extraction.

Separating Multi-Color Points on a Plane with Fewest Axis-Parallel Lines

Abstract: In this paper, we deal with the problem of partitioning a set of coplanar points of more than one colors into monochromatic cells using minimum number of axis-parallel straight lines It is first shown that the problem is NP-hard A fast heuristic is then presented to solve this problem Experimental results on randomly generated instances indicate that the proposed method is much faster than the existing techniques, with minor degradation in the cost of the partition

A New Experiment on Bengali Character Recognition

Abstract: This paper presents a method to use View based approach in Bangla Optical Character Recognition (OCR) system providing reduced data set to the ANN classification engine rather than the traditional OCR methods. It describes how Bangla characters are processed, trained and then recognized with the use of a Backpropagation Artificial neural network. This is the first published account of using a segmentation-free optical character recognition system for Bangla using a view based approach. The methodology presented here assumes that the OCR pre-processor has presented the input images to the classification engine described here. The size and the font face used to render the characters are also significant in both training and classification. The images are first converted into greyscale and then to binary images; these images are then scaled to a fit a pre-determined area with a fixed but significant number of pixels. The feature vectors are then formed extracting the characteristics points, which in this case is simply a series of 0s and 1s of fixed length. Finally, an artificial neural network is chosen for the training and classification process.