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Showing papers by "Heritage Institute of Technology published in 2012"


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: An Empirical Mode Decomposition (EMD) based ECG signal enhancement and QRS detection algorithm is proposed and a single fold processing of each signal is required unlike other conventional techniques.

229 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the adsorptive removal of Methylene Blue (MB) dye using a low cost adsorbent, prepared from Parthenium hysterophorus, has been investigated.

198 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors focused on performance evaluation and ranking of seven Indian Institute of Technology (IITs) in respect to stakeholders' preference using an integrated model consisting of fuzzy AHP and COPRAS.
Abstract: There are many opportunities and challenges in area of Indian technical education due to liberalization and globalization of economy. One of these challenges is how to assess performance of technical institutions based on multiple criteria. This paper is focused on performance evaluation and ranking of seven Indian Institute of Technology (IITs) in respect to stakeholders’ preference using an integrated model consisting of fuzzy AHP and COPRAS. Findings based on 2007–2008 data show that performance of two IITs need considerable improvement. To the best of our knowledge it is one of few studies that evaluates performance of technical institutions in India.

107 citations


Book ChapterDOI
02 Feb 2012
TL;DR: A distributed algorithm for circle formation by multiple autonomous mobile robots that models a robot as a unit disc (fat robot) and assures that there is no collision among the robots.
Abstract: This paper proposes a distributed algorithm for circle formation by multiple autonomous mobile robots. The vision of each robot is limited to a maximum distance. The robots do not store past actions or records of past data. They are anonymous and cannot be distinguished by their appearances. All robots agree on a common origin and axes. Earlier works report algorithms for gathering of multiple autonomous mobile robots in limited visibility considering the robots to be dimensionless or points. This paper models a robot as a unit disc (fat robot). The algorithm presented in this paper also assures that there is no collision among the robots. The robots do not share a common clock. They execute the algorithm asynchronously.

44 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Fluorescence lifetime measurements indicate the nature of complexation of the metals with PEG as one of the phases in aqueous biphasic systems (ABS) of liquid-liquid extractions.
Abstract: Fluorescence in poly(ethylene glycol) (PEGs 400–12000) solutions is reported here for the first time. PEG solutions form a vesicular organization with the hydrophilic groups attached at both ends which arrange themselves beyond a particular concentration and offer electron-dense regions at the center of the vesicle. These vesicles provide an inherent site for fluorescence generation in PEG solutions. Fluorescence emission was observed at ∼380 nm with an excitation wavelength of 300 nm. PEG of molecular weight 6000 was found to show maximum emission intensity at a particular concentration. The formation of PEG vesicles (∼1 nm size) was confirmed by dynamic light scattering (DLS) and confocal laser microscopy. On addition of metal ions the polymeric vesicle breaks up to monomeric PEG, and hence, the fluorescence intensity decreases with a red shift. Fluorescence lifetime measurements indicate the nature of complexation of the metals with PEG. Since PEGs are used as one of the phases in aqueous biphasic syst...

31 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: An extensive investigation was carried out to describe the kinetics of cell growth, substrate consumption, and product formation in the batch fermentation using starch as substrate and the Leudeking- Piret model was used to study the product formation kinetics and the process was found to be growth-associated.
Abstract: An extensive investigation was carried out to describe the kinetics of cell growth, substrate consumption, and product formation in the batch fermentation using starch as substrate. Evaluation of intrinsic kinetic parameters was carried out using a best-fit unstructured model. A nonlinear regression technique was applied for computational purpose. The Andrew's model showed a comparatively better R2 value among all tested models. The values of specific growth rate (micronmax), saturation constant (KS), inhibition constant (KI), and YX/S were found to be 0.109 h-1, 11.1 g/l, 0.012 g/l, and 1.003, respectively. The Leudeking- Piret model was used to study the product formation kinetics and the process was found to be growth-associated. The growth-associated constant (alpha) for protease production was sensitive to substrate concentration. Its value was fairly constant up to a substrate concentration of 30.8 g/l, and then decreased.

30 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: This work has analyzed the effect of symmetric and asymmetric source drain extensions in the underlap DG FETs for improved subthreshold analog and RF performance in the 45 nm gate length regime to observe improvement in asymmetric DG underlap devices compared to its symmetric counterpart.

30 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Some of the impact of heterogeneous sensor networks on WSN and various clustering algorithms used in HWSN are discussed, which can also increase network scalability.
Abstract: Wireless sensor networks have been used in various fields like battle feilds, surveillance, schools, colleges, etc. It has been used in our day-to-day life. Its growth increases day by day. Sensor node normally senses the physical event from the environment such as temperature, sound, vibration, pressure etc. Sensor nodes are connected with each other through wireless medium such as infrared or radio waves it depends on applications. Each node has its internal memory to store the information regarding the event packets. In this paper we will come to know the various algorithms in clustering techniques for wireless sensor networks and discuss them. Clustering is a key technique used to extend the lifetime of a sensor network by reducing energy consumption .It can also increase network scalability. Sensor nodes are considered to be homogeneous since the researches in the feild of WSNs have been evolved but in reality homogeneous sensor networks hardly exist. Here we will discuss some of the impact of heterogeneous sensor networks on WSN and various clustering algorithms used in HWSN..

29 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: This paper develops a production-inventory model for a deteriorating item with stock-dependent demand under two storage facilities over a random planning horizon, which is assumed to follow exponential distribution with known parameter.
Abstract: This paper develops a production-inventory model for a deteriorating item with stock-dependent demand under two storage facilities over a random planning horizon, which is assumed to follow exponential distribution with known parameter. The effects of learning in set-up, production, selling and reduced selling is incorporated. Different inflation rates for various inventory costs and time value of money are also considered. A hybrid genetic algorithm is designed to solve the optimization problem which is hard to solve with existing algorithms due to the complexity of the decision variable. To illustrate the model and to show the effectiveness of the proposed approach a numerical example is provided. A sensitivity analysis of the optimal solution with respect to the parameters of the system is carried out.

28 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The proposed method is based on first accurate extraction of characteristic features from each ECG and then design of a suitable classification methodology to comment on the authenticity, which has accuracy more than 95% and is comparable with conventional biometric techniques.

27 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors study the well-known order quantity model in a three-player context, using a framework of newsboy problem, and formulate an expected average cost function of the chain by trading off inventory cost and shortage costs.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, a shear enhanced spinning basket membrane (SBM) module has been presented, which is unique in terms of its hydrodynamic cleaning facility, considering its structural similarity with the well known spinning basket reactor.

Book ChapterDOI
01 Dec 2012
TL;DR: Three types of feature selection methods namely, t-statistics, Fisher's criterion and minimum redundancy maximum relevance (MRMR) technique are used to select the most informative features in an electronic nose system with black tea samples to achieve improved classification performance.
Abstract: Electronic nose (e-nose) is a machine olfaction system and the sensor array is an essential part of the electronic olfaction process. A pattern recognition unit is necessary in electronic nose system to efficiently decide about the output of the test using the responses of all the sensors in the array. The output of a pattern recognition algorithm depends on the quality of the feature set used for training and testing. Relevant and independent feature set improves the performance of a pattern classification algorithm. In some applications of electronic nose, the responses of few sensors are highly corrupted with noise and are either irrelevant or are redundant to the process. These sensors should be identified and eliminated from the sensor system for better accuracy. This paper addresses the selection of sensors in an e-nose system by different feature selection methods and then integrates them to achieve improved classification performance. We have used three types of feature selection methods namely, t-statistics, Fisher's criterion and minimum redundancy maximum relevance (MRMR) technique to select the most informative features. We have tested the proposed method on data obtained from the major aroma producing chemicals of black tea. Multi-class support vector machine (SVM) has been used as a pattern classifier in an electronic nose with black tea samples. The experimental results show that the performance of the e-nose system increased by 6–10% with the use of the proposed combinational feature selection technique.

Proceedings ArticleDOI
01 Dec 2012
TL;DR: This research work shows the efficient prediction of black tea quality using machine learning algorithm with e-nose and investigates the potential of three different types of multi-class support vector machine (SVM) to build taster-specific computational models.
Abstract: Electronic nose (e-nose) is a machine olfaction system that has shown significant possibilities as an improved alternative of human taster as olfactory perceptions vary from person to person. In contrast, electronic noses also detect smells with their sensors, but in addition describe those using electronic signals. An efficient e-nose system should analyze and recognize these electronic signals accurately. For this it requires a robust pattern classifier that can perform well on unseen data. This research work shows the efficient prediction of black tea quality using machine learning algorithm with e-nose. This paper investigates the potential of three different types of multi-class support vector machine (SVM) to build taster-specific computational models. Experimental results show that all the three models offer more than 97% accuracies to predict the considerable variation in tea quality.

Book ChapterDOI
15 Feb 2012
TL;DR: The first sub-logarithmic result for the reporting version and the first work for the counting version of the problem of reporting and counting maximal points in a query rectangle for a set of n integer points that lie on an n×n grid is presented.
Abstract: In this work, we study the problem of reporting and counting maximal points in a query rectangle for a set of n integer points that lie on an n×n grid A point is said to be maximal inside a query rectangle if it is not dominated by any other point inside the query rectangle Our model of computation is unit-cost RAM model with word size of O(logn) bits For the reporting version of the problem, we present a data structure of size $O(n\frac{\log n}{\log\log n})$ words and support querying in $O(\frac{\log n}{\log\log n}+k)$ time where k is the size of the output For the counting version, we present a data structure of size $O(n\frac{\log^{2} n}{\log\log n})$ words which supports querying in $O(\frac{\log^{\frac{3}{2}}n} {\log\log n})$ Both the data structures are static in nature The reporting version of the problem has been studied in [1] and [5] To the best of our knowledge, this is the first sub-logarithmic result for the reporting version and the first work for the counting version of the problem

Proceedings Article
01 Nov 2012
TL;DR: A novel set of features for detection of text in images of natural scenes using a multi-layer perceptron (MLP) classifier is presented and an estimate of the uniformity in stroke thickness is obtained using only a subset of the distance transform values of the concerned region.
Abstract: In this article, we present a novel set of features for detection of text in images of natural scenes using a multi-layer perceptron (MLP) classifier An estimate of the uniformity in stroke thickness is one of our features and we obtain the same using only a subset of the distance transform values of the concerned region Estimation of the uniformity in stroke thickness on the basis of sparse sampling of the distance transform values is a novel approach Another feature is the distance between the foreground and background colors computed in a perceptually uniform and illumination-invariant color space Remaining features include two ratios of anti-parallel edge gradient orientations, a regularity measure between the skeletal representation and Canny edgemap of the object, average edge gradient magnitude, variation in the foreground gray levels and five others Here, we present the results of the proposed approach on the ICDAR 2003 database and another database of scene images consisting of text of Indian scripts

Proceedings ArticleDOI
01 Oct 2012
TL;DR: A simple algorithm for matching the patterns to recognize speech using Mel frequency cepstral coefficients (MFCCs) as the feature of the recorded speech.
Abstract: The growth in wireless communication and mobile devices has supported the development of Speech recognition systems. So for any speech recognition system feature extraction and patter matching are two very significant terms. In this paper we have developed a simple algorithm for matching the patterns to recognize speech. We used Mel frequency cepstral coefficients (MFCCs) as the feature of the recorded speech. This algorithm is implemented simply by using the principle of correlation. All the simulation experiments were carried out using MATLAB where the method produced relatively good results. This paper gives a details introduction of recorded speech processing, design considerations and evaluation results.

Journal ArticleDOI
01 Jan 2012
TL;DR: In this paper, a modified Simulated Annealing (MSA) algorithm for vertex coloring of a simple, symmetric and connected graph (GCP) has been proposed, which has shown better output than the simple or non-modified version of the same algorithm.
Abstract: The problems which are NP-complete in nature are always attracting the computer scientists to develop some heuristic algorithms, generating optimal solution in time-space efficient manner compared to the existing ones. Coloring of the vertices of a graph with minimum number of colours belongs to the same category, where the algorithm designers are trying to propose some new algorithms for better result. Here, we have designed modified Simulated Annealing (MSA) for optimal vertex coloring of a simple, symmetric and connected graph (GCP). The algorithm has been tested upon a series of benchmarks including large scale test case and has shown better output than the simple or non-modified version of the same algorithm. This paper describes the advancement of performance of simple SA applied upon the problem of graph coloring using a specially designed operator called random change operator instead of the general change operator. Our work is still going on for designing better algorithms generating optimal solutions.

Proceedings ArticleDOI
15 Mar 2012
TL;DR: A mathematical monotonic function is proposed on two scores generated by the matching of two classes to generate a single score such that the final score value gives rise to better disjunction between genuine and imposter scores than conventional SIFT.
Abstract: Iris detection depending on local features like SIFT (Scale Invariant Feature Transform) and SURF (Speeded up Robust Features) exhibits high accuracy though the approaches leave behind further scope for improvement due to the lack of proper choice of score generating function and score fusion. Usually the score of a matching algorithm is taken to be number of matches. However a properly chosen function of number of matches can also be considered as a score. The proposed approach in this paper performs a classification operation on the detected keypoints. Each set of the keypoints of the query image is subjected to nearest neighbour match with respective set of keypoints of the database image. Hence there are two scores generated by the matching of two classes. This paper also proposes a mathematical monotonic function on these two scores to generate a single score such that the final score value gives rise to better disjunction between genuine and imposter scores than conventional SIFT.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, a method to construct teleportation witnesses from entanglement witnesses corresponding to general qudit systems is presented, which are shown to be optimal for qubit and qutrit systems and therefore detect the largest set of states useful for teleportation within a given class.
Abstract: Teleportation witnesses are Hermitian operators which can identify useful entanglement for quantum teleportation. Here we provide a systematic method to construct teleportation witnesses from entanglement witnesses corresponding to general qudit systems. The witnesses so constructed are shown to be optimal for qubit and qutrit systems and therefore detect the largest set of states useful for teleportation within a given class. We demonstrate the action of the witness pertaining to different classes of states in qubits and qutrits. Decomposition of the witness in terms of spin operators facilitates experimental identification of useful resources for teleportation.

Proceedings ArticleDOI
04 Oct 2012
TL;DR: An adaptive Fuzzy PD controller (AFPDC) is proposed that guarantees a fast and precise load transfer and the swing suppression during load movement, despite of model uncertainties.
Abstract: An adaptive Fuzzy PD controller (AFPDC) is proposed in this paper. Output scaling factor (SF) of the proposed fuzzy controller is updated according to the process trend by a fuzzy gain modifier, which is determined by error and change of error of the system. Effectiveness of the proposed AFPDC is demonstrated on a laboratory scale overhead crane. Moving a suspended load along a pre-specified path is not an easy task when strict specifications on the swing angle and transfer time need to be satisfied. In this study, twin adaptive fuzzy controllers are designed to control the trolley position of the crane and swing angle of the load. The proposed adaptive scheme guarantees a fast and precise load transfer and the swing suppression during load movement, despite of model uncertainties.

Book ChapterDOI
29 May 2012
TL;DR: Experimental results show that the set of k influential nodes found by the core finding method spreads information faster than the greedy k -center method for the same k value.
Abstract: Viral marketing works with a social network as its backbone, where social interactions help spreading a message from one person to another. In social networks, a node with a higher degree can reach larger number of nodes in a single hop, and hence can be considered to be more influential than a node with lesser degree. For viral marketing with limited resources, initially the seller can focus on marketing the product to a certain influential group of individuals, here mentioned as core . If k persons are targeted for initial marketing, then the objective is to find the initial set of k active nodes, which will facilitate the spread most efficiently. We did a degree based scaling in graphs for making the edge weights suitable for degree based spreading. Then we detect the core from the maximum spanning tree (MST) of the graph by finding the top k influential nodes and the paths in MST that joins them. The paths within the core depict the key interaction sequences that will trigger the spread within the network. Experimental results show that the set of k influential nodes found by our core finding method spreads information faster than the greedy k -center method for the same k value.

Proceedings ArticleDOI
30 Mar 2012
TL;DR: This work proposes a recommendation algorithm that takes the user's location into account and uses Voronoi Diagrams which are widely used in Computational Geometry to decompose a metric space into regions based on distances from a specified finite set of points.
Abstract: Recommender systems help users in making decisions by recommending items of interest like movies, music, books, news, images, web pages, etc. to them. Collaborative filtering is one of the most widely studied and widely used techniques behind recommendation algorithms. It tries to recommend items to users based on user-user or item-item similarities computed from existing data. In this work, we propose a recommendation algorithm that takes the user's location into account. The algorithm uses Voronoi Diagrams which are widely used in Computational Geometry to decompose a metric space into regions based on distances from a specified finite set of points. We have tested the algorithm on the MovieLens dataset.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: An improved audio steganography approach that reduces distortion of the stego audio and using the proposed algorithm, secret information is strongly protected from hackers and sent to its destination in a safe manner.
Abstract: Information hiding and secret communication is one of the most interesting and fascinating domains. This hiding method exploits some features of audio signals to be able to hide data from perception robustly. Every year researchers introduce their work and discuss how to make these techniques more and more robust against different types of attacks. In this article, we present an improved audio steganography approach that reduces distortion of the stego audio. Using the proposed algorithm, secret information is strongly protected from hackers and sent to its destination in a safe manner.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: An efficient approach of cancer classification using microarray expression data by vector-valued regularized kernel function approximation (VVRKFA) method is presented in a true computer aided diagnosis framework to select very few genes so that both the classification accuracy and computational speed are enhanced.

Proceedings ArticleDOI
15 Mar 2012
TL;DR: A novel scheme has been developed to interpret and analyze the heart sound properly so that it can be taken as a heart diagnosis system and the nature of heart sound components like M1, T1 of S1 and A2, P2 of s2 are detected using the end point detection technique which is the novelty of this project.
Abstract: In this paper a novel scheme has been developed to interpret and analyze the heart sound properly so that it can be taken as a heart diagnosis system. For this purpose a preamplifier circuitry is introduced for data acquisition and the DSP KIT (TMS320C6713) is used for data collecting, processing, analyzing and displaying it completely. The DSP starter kit also provides data saving option in PC. After acquiring heart sound data in PC, discrete wavelet transformations at different level are perform to remove the internal noise and to reconstruct the de-noised heart sound signal. Finally, to find out heart disease symptoms, the nature of heart sound components like M1, T1 of S 1 and A2, P2 of s2 are detected using the end point detection technique which is the novelty of this project. MATLAB has been used to study various results related to the heart sound components, their locations, durations, frequencies present, length of cardiac cycle, presence of murmurs etc. In this present work more than fifteen (15) heart sound sample from different persons were examined successfully.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the effect of pump power, filter length and temperature on gain and noise figure has been discussed in a cascaded EDFA DWDM network using optical gain flattening filter operating in C-band.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Sun et al. as discussed by the authors provided simulation studies of such a wideband erbium-doped fiber amplifier which utilizes a tunable tap at the TLS source end and provided two parallel channels for simultaneous amplification in both C and L band.
Abstract: Optical amplification in C and L band region with wave division multiplexing can provide over 160 channels. The paper provides simulation studies of such a wideband erbium doped fiber amplifier which utilizes a tunable tap at the TLS source end. This isolates and provides two parallel channels for simultaneous amplification in both C and L band. Such a configuration has shown to provide a gain well over 20dB from 1525-1615nm bandwidth with average noise figure of 10dB (approx.). Gain saturation effects beyond -20dBm/channel signal level and, gain spectra at different pump powers and amplifier lengths have also been studied. Full Text: PDF References Robert E. Tench, Proc. IEEE Elecronic Componenets and Technology Conference. 9, (1999). J. F. Massicott, R. Wyatt, and B. J. Ainslie, "Low noise operation of Er 3+ doped silica fibre amplifier around 1.6 ?m", Electron. Lett. 28, 1924 (1992). CrossRef Y. Sun, A. Srivastava, J.Zhou, and J. Sulhoff, "Optical fiber amplifiers for WDM optical networks", Bell Labs Technical Journal. 4, (1999) CrossRef H. Ono, M. Yamada and Y. Ohishi, "Gain-flattened Er/sup 3+/-doped fiber amplifier for a WDM signal in the 1.57-1.60-?m wavelength region", IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett. 9, (1997). CrossRef C. Jiang, W. Hu, Q. Zeng and S. Xiao, "High detectivity GaInAs-InP quantum-well infrared photodetectors grown on Si substrates", IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett. 14, 290 (2002). CrossRef M. A. Mahdi, F. R. M. Adikan, P. Poopalan, S. Selvakennedy, W. Y. Chan, and H. Ahmad, "Long-wavelength EDFA gain enhancement through 1550 nm band signal injection", Opt. Commnun.175, 296 (2000). CrossRef H. Chen, M. Leblanc and G.W. Schinn, "Gain enhanced L-band optical fiber amplifiers and tunable fiber lasers with erbium-doped fibers", Opt. Comm. 216, 119 (2003). CrossRef M. A. Mahdi and H. Ahmad, "Gain enhanced L-band Er/sup 3+/-doped fiber amplifier utilizing unwanted backward ASE", IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett. 13, 1067 (2001). CrossRef S. W. Harun, N. Tamchek, P. Poopalan and H. Ahmad, "Gain clamping in two-stage L-band EDFA using a broadband FBG", IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett. 16, 422 (2004). CrossRef T. Sakamoto. "Wide wavelength band (1535?1560 nm and 1574?1600 nm), 28 × 10 Gbit/s WDM transmission over 320 km dispersion-shifted fibre", Electron. Lett.34, 392 (1998). CrossRef Y. Sun et al., "80 nm ultra-wideband erbium-doped silica fibre amplifier", Electron. Lett. 33,1965 (1997). CrossRef T. Kasamatsu, Y. Tano and T. Ono, 13, 31 (2001). S. K. Liaw and Y. K. Chen, "Self-phase modulation coefficient of multiple-quantum-well optical amplifiers", IEEE Photon. Tech. Lett. 8, 876 (1996). CrossRef A. Srivastava and Y. Sun, Optical Fiber Telecommunications, I. P. Kaminov and T. Li, Eds. (San Diego, CA: Academic 2002, vol. VI A). R. Anthony and S.N. Biswas, "Temperature Dependent Gain Analysis of a Cascaded C-Band EDFA DWDM Network", Elseviers Procedia Technol. 4, 92 (2012). CrossRef G. Luo, J. L. Zyskind, I. A. Nagel, and M. A. Ali, "Experimental and theoretical analysis of relaxation-oscillations and spectral hole burning effects in all-optical gain-clamped EDFA's for WDM networks", IEEE J. Lightwave Technol. 16, 527 (1998). CrossRef I.K. Bu Sohn and J.W. Song, "Gain flattened and improved double-pass two-stage EDFA using microbending long-period fiber gratings", Optical Communications. 236, 141 (2004). CrossRef R. Singh, Sunanda and E.K. Sharma, "Gain flattening by long period gratings in erbium doped fibers", Optical Communications. 240, 123 (2004). CrossRef

Proceedings ArticleDOI
01 Dec 2012
TL;DR: A photonic crystal based band pass filter has been designed to meet ITU-T recommendation G.694.2 for CWDM system, by varying the constitutive materials of the unit cell by incorporating the amalgamation of Si-Ge-x alloy with Silicon Nitride.
Abstract: In this paper a photonic crystal based band pass filter has been designed to meet ITU-T recommendation G.694.2 for CWDM system, by varying the constitutive materials of the unit cell. The amalgamation of Si 1−x Ge x alloy, with Silicon Nitride (Si 3 N 4 ) has been effectively found compatible as primitive layers of unit cells instead of Si/SiO 2 pair. Finally CST MW simulated results have been presented, for comparative purpose, to demonstrate the amenities of Si 1−x Ge x /Si 3 N 4 pair, over Si/SiO 2 pair, as basis of the photonic crystal.

Book ChapterDOI
01 Dec 2012
TL;DR: An algorithm is developed which monitors important spirometric values such as Forced Expiratory Volume of air in first one second (FEV1) Forced Vital Capacity (FVC) and Peak Expiration Flow (PEF) continuously, so that any deviation from the safe limits will allow the system to send a warning sign to the physician's mobile and at the same time it will send numerical and graphical respiratory information of the subject to the web-server.
Abstract: This paper presents a cost effective on-line ventilation monitoring system for impaired elderly persons using optical wireless sensory system. In this work, we have tried to develop this system especially for aged physically disabled people by introducing a cordless optics based sensing system as a secondary transducer which carries many distinctive features like i) no electrical signal is directly connected with the subject's body, thus providing a shock hazard free module, ii) any hardware interfacing circuit (for computer compatible signal) not required which again minimizes complex circuitry and finally generates iii) a noise free computer friendly output. The processor analyses the signal and communicates information to the distantly located physicians through blue tooth technology. Here, we have developed an algorithm which monitors important spirometric values such as Forced Expiratory Volume of air in first one second (FEV1) Forced Vital Capacity (FVC) and Peak Expiratory Flow (PEF) continuously, so that any deviation from the safe limits will allow the system to send a warning sign to the physician's mobile and at the same time it will send numerical and graphical respiratory information of the subject to the web-server. Our study is limited to two common respiratory diseases like chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and chronic restrictive pulmonary disease (CRPD). We have studied the respiratory activities of 50 male impaired elderly persons. The sent information through the wireless technology using telemetering platform was in very close agreement with the actual clinical conditions.