Heritage Institute of Technology

About: Heritage Institute of Technology is a based out in . It is known for research contribution in the topics: Steganography & Support vector machine. The organization has 581 authors who have published 1045 publications receiving 8345 citations.

Neutrosophic fuzzy set and its application in decision making

Abstract: Fuzzy set (FS) is used to tackle the uncertainty using the membership grade, whereas neutrosophic set (NS) is used to tackle uncertainty using the truth, indeterminacy and falsity membership grades which are considered as independent. In this paper, we introduce the notion of neutrosophic fuzzy set (NFS) by combining FS with NS, which gives rise to some new concepts. Since NFS finds some difficulties to deal with some real life problems due to the nonstandard interval of neutrosophic components, we introduce single valued NFS (SVNFS) which is considered as an instance of NFS. Some set theoretic operations of SVNFS are proposed and their properties are derived. We also propose the distance measures between two SVNFSs. Then a decision making approach is presented using similarity measures based on distance measures. Finally, we emonstrate the proposed approach using a numerical example.

Monitoring the Fermentation Process and Detection of Optimum Fermentation Time of Black Tea Using an Electronic Tongue

Abstract: This paper presents a new methodology to monitor the fermentation process and detect the optimum fermentation time of crush tear curl black tea with a voltammetric electronic tongue. An electronic tongue with an array of five noble metal working electrodes has been developed for this purpose. A suitable large amplitude pulse voltammetric waveform has been employed for probing the chemical changes in tea samples under fermentation. Good correlation between the electronic tongue responses and the biochemical changes has been obtained by principal component analysis (PCA) during various stages of fermentation. The electronic tongue fermentation profile has been derived from PCA analysis and it is observed that such a profile enables detection of optimum fermentation times. Finally, a model based on partial least squares regression technique has been developed for real-time indication of fermentation level. The optimum fermentation times observed from the electronic tongue fermentation profiles derived from PCA and partial least squares regression correlate by a factor of 0.97 and 0.96, respectively, with the reference values obtained from an ultraviolet-visible spectrophotometer-based instrumental analysis.

A Review of Green Synthesis of Metal Nanoparticles Using Algae.

Abstract: The ability of algae to accumulate metals and reduce metal ions make them a superior contender for the biosynthesis of nanoparticles and hence they are called bio-nano factories as both the live and dead dried biomass are used for the synthesis of metallic nanoparticles. Microalgae, forming a substantial part of the planet's biodiversity, are usually single-celled colony-forming or filamentous photosynthetic microorganisms, including several legal divisions like Chlorophyta, Charophyta, and Bacillariophyta. Whole cells of Plectonema boryanum (filamentous cyanobacteria) proved efficient in promoting the production of Au, Ag, and Pt nanoparticles. The cyanobacterial strains of Anabaena flos-aquae and Calothrix pulvinate were used to implement the biosynthesis of Au, Ag, and Pt nanoparticles. Once synthesized within the cells, the nanoparticles were released into the culture media where they formed stable colloids easing their recovery. Lyngbya majuscule and Chlorella vulgaris have been reported to be used as a cost-effective method for Ag nanoparticle synthesis. Dried edible algae (Spirulina platensis) was reported to be used for the extracellular synthesis of Au, Ag, and Au/Ag bimetallic nanoparticles. Synthesis of extracellular metal bio-nanoparticles using Sargassum wightii and Kappaphycus alvarezi has also been reported. Bioreduction of Au (III)-Au (0) using the biomass of brown alga, Fucus vesiculosus, and biosynthesis of Au nanoparticles using red algal (Chondrus crispus) and green algal (Spyrogira insignis) biomass have also been reported. Algae are relatively convenient to handle, less toxic, and less harmful to the environment; synthesis can be carried out at ambient temperature and pressure and in simple aqueous media at a normal pH value. Therefore, the study of algae-mediated biosynthesis of metallic nanoparticles can be taken toward a new branch, termed phyco-nanotechnology.