Showing papers by "Hokkaido University published in 1978"
TL;DR: Several microorganisms capable of utilizing 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate (ACPC) were isolated from soil and it was suggested that this enzyme was a pyridoxal 5′-phosphate enzyme which has the molecular weight of 104000 and high specificity for ACPC.
Abstract: Several microorganisms capable of utilizing 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate (ACPC) were isolated from soil. A bacterium which belongs to Pseudomonas accumulated cellular α-aminobutyrate with consumption of ACPC and cells incubated with ACPC medium had the activity deaminating the substrate to form α-ketobutyrate. An enzyme, ACPC deaminase, was highly purified and its molecular weight, substrate specificity and absorption spectrum were investigated. These results suggested that this enzyme was a pyridoxal 5′-phosphate enzyme which has the molecular weight of 104000 and high specificity for ACPC, Km= 1.5 mM. A yeast, Hansenula saturnus, is also capable of forming ACPC deaminase, which has a lower molecular weight, 69000, and higher Km value, 2.6 mM.
610 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, an investigation to systematize empirical equations for the shear wave velocity of soils was made in terms of four characteristic indexes: the N-value of the standard penetration test, depth where the soil is situated, geological epoch and soil type.
Abstract: An investigation to systematize empirical equations for the shear wave velocity of soils was made in terms of four characteristic indexes. The adopted indexes are the N-value of the Standard Penetration Test, depth where the soil is situated, geological epoch and soil type. As some of these indexes are variates belonging to interval scales while others belong to nominal or ordinal scales, the technique known as a multivariate analysis cannot be employed. A new approach to the theory of quantification, after C. Hayashi, was introduced and developed for solving this difficulty.
Fifteen sets of empirical equations to estimate low strain shear wave velocity theoretically may be obtained by combining the above four indexes. All of these sets were derived by use of about 300 data, and their accuracies were evaluated by means of correlation coefficients between the measured and estimated shear wave velocities. The best equation was found to be the one which included all the indexes, and its correlation coefficient was 0.86. The empirical equation relating the standard penetration N-value to the shear wave velocity provided a correlation of only 0.72, and is one of the lowest ranking among the 15 sets of equations.
328 citations
TL;DR: Intradermal injection of phytohemagglutinin in the wattles of chickens elicited marked swellings often accompanied by induration, considered to be a thymus-dependent response.
267 citations
TL;DR: Thick filaments of (unphosphorylated) gizzard myosin can be in a bipolar structure or in a non-polar structure, depending on the method of preparing the thick filaments, and the ATPase activity of phosphorylated gizzardmyosin does not show activity depression at low ionic strength.
Abstract: In our previous study (Onishi, H., Susuki, H., Nakamura, k., and Watanabe, S. J. Biochem. 83, 835-847, 1978), we found it to be characteristic of chicken gizzard myosin that thick filaments of gizzard myosin are readily disassembled by a stoichiometric amount of ATP (3 mol of ATP per mol of myosin), and that the ATPase activity of gizzard myosin in the ATP-disassembled state is much lower than that of gizzard myosin disassembled by a high concentration of KCl. We now report the following findings: (1) Thick filaments of (unphosphorylated) gizzard myosin can be in a bipolar structure or in a non-polar structure, depending on the method of preparing the thick filaments. (2) Thick filaments of (unphosphorylated) gizzard myosin in either the bioplar or the non-polar structure are readily disassembled by ATP. (3) Addition of rabbit skeletal C-protein does not confer ATP resistance on thick filaments of (unphosphorylated) gizzard myosin. (4) Unphosphorylated) gizzard myosin in the ATP-disassembled state is in a dimeric form as determined by ultracentrifugation. Moreover, 0.2 M KCl-dissociated gizzard myosin in monomeric form is converted to a dimeric form by ATP. (5) The Mg-ATPase activity of (unphosphorylated) gizzard myosin is much lower in its dimeric form (less than one-tenth) than in its monomeric form. The activity depression observed around 0.15 M KCl is therefore due to the formation of myosin dimers. (6) Skeletal L-meromyosin can increase the very low activity of (unphosphorylated) gizzard myosin ATPase at low ionic strength (0.13 M KCl) by forming ATP-resistant hybrid filaments with (unphosphorylated) gizzard myosin, preventing the formation of myosin dimers. (7) Gizzard myosin in which one of the light-chain components is phosphorylated by myosin light-chain kinase can form thick filaments which are resistant to the disassembling action of ATP. (8) Even in the presence of ATP, thick filaments of phosphorylated gizzard myosin do not disassembled into myosin dimers. Accordingly, the ATPase activity of phosphorylated gizzard myosin does not show activity depression at low ionic strength.
253 citations
143 citations
127 citations
TL;DR: Female-specific serum protein and egg yolk proteins of mature female rainbow trout were studied comparatively with reference to their immunological and some physicochemical properties and the production of proteins with the same antigenicity with FS was demonstrated.
Abstract: 1. Female-specific serum protein (FS) and egg yolk proteins of mature female rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri) were studied comparatively with reference to their immunological and some physicochemical properties. 2. FS was considered to be composed of two egg proteins, E1 and E2, which were isolated from the egg yolk by gel filtration. 3. The molecular weights of FS, E1 and E2 were estimated by gel filtration to be approx 600,000, 300,000 and 35,000, respectively. 4. The analysis with sodium dodecyl sulphate electrophoresis indicated that E1 consisted of two subunits with molecular weights of 90,000 and 15,000, and E2 was estimated to be a dimer of a molecule of 15,000. 5. Male and immature female trout were injected with estradiol-17 beta, and the production of proteins with the same antigenicity with FS was demonstrated.
116 citations
TL;DR: It is reported here that culturing NIL or 3T3 cells in vitamin A-containing medium markedly enhances, whereas a medium with ultraviolet-irradiated serum markedly reduces, contact orientation and cell-density dependent inhibition of cell growth.
Abstract: CHEMICAL carcinogenesis and viral transformation are prevented or inhibited by vitamin A or its analogues1,2. Vitamin A may also play a part in membrane glycosylation as a lipid intermediate3,4. Recently, effects of retinoic acid on proliferation and density-dependent growth of mouse L cells5 and many other untransformed and transformed cells in vitro have been described6. In view of these observations, we have studied the effect of retinol on cell growth behaviour, glycolipid synthesis, and surface-exposed profile of glycoproteins in hamster fibroblasts NIL, NILpy and mouse (BALB/c) 3T3 cells. We report here that culturing NIL or 3T3 cells in vitamin A-containing medium markedly enhances, whereas a medium with ultraviolet-irradiated serum markedly reduces, contact orientation and cell-density dependent inhibition of cell growth. Associated changes of cell surface membrane GM3 level, ganglioside contact response, and in LETS (‘Gap a’) were observed.
116 citations
TL;DR: IAP is a protein primarily possessing a unique action to potentiate insulin secretory responses of experimental animals to nutritional and hormonal stimuli, indicating that suppression of epinephrine hyperglycemia resulted from hypoglycemic action of insulin secreted in response toEpinephrine challenge.
Abstract: The biological activities were studied of a new protein, islets-activating protein (IAP), purified from the culture medium of Bordetella pertussis. Rats injected intravenously with 1 microgram of purified IAP exhibited markedly enhanced insulin secretory responses to glucose, glucagon, epinephrine, and sulfonylureas over a period from 3 to 10 days after the injection. The degree and duration of the enhancement were proportional to the dose of IAP; the maximal effect induced by 1-2 microgram of IAP persisted for as long as 2 months. There was a highly significant correlation between the enhancement of insulin secretion and suppression of epinephrine hyperglycemia over a wide range of doses of IAP, indicating that suppression of epinephrine hyperglycemia resulted from hypoglycemic action of insulin secreted in response to epinephrine challenge. Additional actions of IAP were observed in mice; mice treated with higher doses of IAP showed symptoms were observed when lower doses of IAP were injected into mice. Thus, it is concluded that IAP is a protein primarily possessing a unique action to potentiate insulin secretory responses of experimental animals to nutritional and hormonal stimuli.
110 citations
TL;DR: Renal histology in 163 Japanese children with proteinuria and/or haematuria showed that 11 had membranous nephropathy (M.N) and the rest had various other renal diseases, suggesting that M.N. in Japanese children is mainly, if not exclusively, caused by hepatitis-B virus and that in most instances the virus is transmitted from mother to child.
104 citations
TL;DR: It was found that the liposome described above is a good model for the generation of membrane potentials in mitochondria and the electrode lifetime was remarkably prolonged.
TL;DR: In this paper, the effects of the Prandtl number of the working fluid and the width of the cavity W on the flow pattern are discussed qualitatively in the experimental visualization of natural convective flow.
Abstract: Experimental visualization of natural convective flow was carried out by using several kinds of fluid contained in a narrow vertical rectangular cavity with one vertical wall heated, the opposing vertical wall cooled and the upper and lower walls insulated. The effects of the Prandtl number Pr of the working fluid and the width of the cavity W on the flow pattern are discussed qualitatively in the present paper. The occurrence of flow patterns consisting of unicellular flow, steady secondary flow, tertiary flow and transition (from laminar to turbulent) flow is categorically demonstrated by the photographs taken. Moreover, experimental measurements of the net heat transfer through the vertical fluid layer are given for aspect ratios of 6-30 and Prandtl numbers of 4-12 500.
TL;DR: In this paper, the nature of the ferromagnetic interactions in cubic-perovskite type ARu 4+ O 3 (A=nonmagnetic cation) was investigated by using a magnetic balance technique.
Abstract: To clarify the nature of the ferromagnetic interactions in SrRuO 3 , the Ru 4+ – –Ru 4+ exchange couplings in cubic-perovskite type ARu 4+ O 3 (A=nonmagnetic cation) were investigated Magnetic measurements were done on these sample oxides (including single crystals of CaRuO 3 ) by using a magnetic balance technique In contrast to the ferromagnetic behaviors in (Ca 1- x Sr x )RuO 3 ( x ≧04), both the (La 05 Na 05 )RuO 3 metallic and (Ca 1- x Mg x )RuO 3 ( x =01, 03 and 05) semiconductive systems were found to be Curie-Weiss paramagnets having negative asymptotic Curie points On the (Ca 08 Sr 08 )RuO 3 sample, an anomalous hump of χ vs T curve was observed, which could be interpreted as being due to ferromagnetic clusters of Sr 2+ It was suggested that, besides the 180° superexchange coupling, another indirect-exchange interaction via Sr 2+ would be indispensable for the ferromagnetism in SrRuO 3
TL;DR: In this paper, the porosity of films anodically formed in a H 2 C 2 O 4 solution was determined using an anodic current of 0.5 mA/cm 2.
TL;DR: The results of digestion of the isolated oligosaccharides with lysozyme, together with the structural feature of these saccharides, were accounted for by the importance of theN-acetyl groups of the N-acetyglucosamine residues located on subsites C and E in the enzyme · substrate complexes.
Abstract: 1
The effect of N-unsubstitution of chitin and chitin oligosaccharides on their hydrolysis by lysozyme was studied.
2
Lysozyme digests of chitin deacetylated at about 70% of its glucosamine residues were fractionated by gel chromatography, paper chromatography and paper electrophoresis, giving six oligosaccharides with N-unsubstituted glucosamine residues, C1–C6, together with the monomer to tetramer of N-acetylglucosamine. Oligosaccharides C1, C2 and C3, which accounted individually for about 4–7% of the total glucosamine residues in the isolated saccharides, were identified as GlcNAc-GlcNAc-GlcNAc-GlcN, GlcNAc-GlcN-GlcNAc-GlcNAc and GlcNAc-GlcN-GlcNAc-GlcN, respectively. Oligosaccharide C4, present in a smaller amount, and oligosaccharide C5, present in a very small amount, were identified as GlcNAc-GlcNAc-GlcN and GlcN-GlcNAc-GlcNAc, respectively. Oligosaccharide C6, accounting for about 7% of the glucosamine residues recovered, was identified as GlcNAc-GlcN.
3
On further digestion with excess lysozyme, tetrasaccharide C1 yielded small amounts of N-acetylglucosamine and GlcNAc-GlcNAc-GlcN in addition to major products, (GlcNAc)2 and GlcNAc-GlcN. Tetrasaccharide C2 was hydrolyzed by lysozyme into GlcNAc-GlcN and (GlcNAc)2; tetrasaccharide C3 into GlcNAc-GlcN alone; trisaccharide C4 into N-acetylglucosamine and GlcNAc-GlcN. In contrast, trisaccharide C5 was shown to be completely resistant to lysozyme.
4
The results of digestion of the isolated oligosaccharides with lysozyme, together with the structural feature of these saccharides, were accounted for by the importance of the N-acetyl groups of the N-acetylglucosamine residues located on subsites C and E in the enzyme · substrate complexes.
TL;DR: Results indicate that the bursts of body temperature increment were dependent on those of the locomotor activity, and manifestation of the circadian rhythm per se of bodyTemperature could not be explained as resulting exclusively from the circadian fluctuation of locomotorActivity.
Abstract: Simultaneous determination of the circadian rhythms of locomotor activity and body temperature was carried out in the rat. Deep body temperature was monitored continuously using a telemetric device. The circadian rhythm of locomotor activity was characterized by clustering of several bursts of activity during the dark period. The circadian rhythm of body temperature was also characterized by bursts of small fluctuations which were well correlated with those of locomotor activity. Correlation between the two functions was such that the regression line expressing body temperature as a function of locomotor activity had approximately the same slope for dark and light periods, but a body temperature for a given amount of locomotor activity was significantly higher during the dark period than during the light one. After a prolonged exposure to constant light, the circadian rhythm disappeared in both functions. Both showed bursts of fluctuations which were correlated with each other. These results indicate that the bursts of body temperature increment were dependent on those of the locomotor activity. However, manifestation of the circadian rhythm per se of body temperature could not be explained as resulting exclusively from the circadian fluctuation of locomotor activity.
TL;DR: Improved procedures of the Swoboda and Lea method for the determination of peroxide values (POV) of fats and lipids are presented in this article, which permits the rapid determination of POV with a small amount of sample at a moderate cost using usual glasswares.
Abstract: Improved procedures of the Swoboda and Lea method for the determination of peroxide values (POV) of fats and lipids are presented. After oxidation of iodide to iodine with the sample for 5 min under an inert atmosphere, an excess of the iodide ion is immediately converted to cadmium complex for protection from atmospheric oxygen. The iodine is measured colorimetrically at 358 or 410 nm, and POV is calculated from the absorbance. This method permits the rapid determination of POV with a small amount of sample at a moderate cost using usual glasswares. For the analysis of lipids in biological materials or food products, the chloroform solution obtained by the Bligh and Dyer method is directly subjected to this procedure without evaporation of the solvent. Conversions between POV obtained by the different methods are discussed.
TL;DR: In this article, the additivity of the limiting partial molal volumes and adiabatic compressibilities for CH2 and CH2CH2O groups was tested by using the observed values of the solutes.
Abstract: Density and ultrasonic velocity measurements were made on a series of dilute equeous solutions of H(OCH2CH2)nOH, CH3(OCH2CH2)nOCH3, H(CH2)nOCH2CH2OH (n=1−4), and poly(ethylene glycol) at 5, 25, and 45°C. The additivity of the limiting partial molal volumes (\(\bar V{}^o\)) and adiabatic compressibilities (\(\bar K{}^o\)) for CH2 and CH2CH2O groups was tested by using the observed\(\bar V{}^o\) and\(\bar K{}^o\) values of the solutes. The\(\bar V{}^o\) and\(\bar K{}^o\) values of the CH3, CH2, CH2CH2O, and CH2OH groups were estimated and discussed in relation to hydration effects. The\(\bar V{}^o\) and\(\bar K{}^o\) values of alkoxyethanols calculated on the basis of the additivity of the group partial molal quantities were in good agreement with the observed values. The behavior of the limiting partial molal isothermal compressibility of alkoxyethanols was similar to that of the adiabatic compressibility.
TL;DR: The effect of ouabain on the noradrenaline output from peripheral adrenergic neurones has been studied using isolated guinea‐pig vasa deferentia to study the effects of serotonin and dopamine in the context of central adrenergic injury.
Abstract: 1. The effect of ouabain on the noradrenaline output from peripheral adrenergic neurones has been studied using isolated guinea-pig vasa deferentia.
2. Exposure to ouabain (10−4 M) causes a gradual increase in the noradrenaline output. The effect occurs after a delay of 20 min and reaches a maximum during the period from 40-60 min.
3. In the absence of external Ca, exposure to ouabain fails to produce an increase in the noradrenaline output. However, the reintroduction of Ca (2·5 m M) after a 1 hr exposure to ouabain in Ca-free media causes a rapid rise in noradrenaline output which reaches a maximum within the first 20 min.
4. After a 1 hr exposure to a low concentration of ouabain (10−5 M) the reintroduction of Ca is almost ineffective in increasing the noradrenaline output. When the concentration of ouabain is increased, the reintroduction of Ca becomes effective and causes a maximum effect with 10−4 M ouabain. In the presence of a constant amount of ouabain (10−4 M) the noradrenaline output induced by the reintroduction of Ca increases over the range 0·2-2·5 m M.
5. In the presence of ouabain (10−4 M) the Ca-induced noradrenaline output increases in a linear fashion with increasing Na concentrations from 25 to 143 m M, as long as NaCl is replaced with equimolar choline chloride or isotonic sucrose.
6. In the presence of the lowest effective concentration of sodium (25 m M) the noradrenaline output induced by the reintroduction of Ca after a 1 hr exposure to ouabain is potentiated by LiCl. However, in the complete absence of Na+ ions, there is no Li-dependent increase in the Ca-induced noradrenaline output.
7. It is suggested that ouabain may cause an increase in noradrenaline output by an effect on the Na-dependent Ca influx system.
TL;DR: It is shown that the enzyme is bound to the inner surface of microsomal membranes, and that glucose 6-phosphate, but not NADP, penetrates almost freely into the membranes at 37 degrees C.
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors present an experimental investigation of convective heat transfer in a confined rectangular cavity packed with porous media, on the opposing vertical walls of which different temperatures are imposed.
TL;DR: In this paper, the anodic current and the amount of dissolved Al ions were measured as a function of the anodizing time, and the current efficiency for the formation of oxide decreases gradually with decreasing current and is less than 70% in the period with steady current.
TL;DR: Late embryos of the sea urchin survive freezing, at least for a short period of time, at −196 °C in the presence of a cryoprotectant, which is greater in glycolated embryos than in advanced developmental stages.
TL;DR: In this paper, a variety of conflicting evidence regarding the reality or otherwise of a miscibility gap within the calcic amphibole series has been provided, and it is concluded that, in most cases, composition gaps may be better attributed to disequilibrium and kinetic factors, and to abrupt or discontinuous changes in the compositions of, or in the appearance or disappearance of, other phases involved in proposed reactions occurring at the actinolite-hornblende transition.
TL;DR: In this paper, the Peierls superstructure in TaS 3 was observed in low-temperature X-ray diffraction and the periods of the superlattice were temperature independent and commensurate to the parent lattice; a '=2 a, b '=8 b and c '=4 c.
Abstract: Peierls superstructure in TaS 3 was observed Lay low-temperature X-ray diffraction. The periods of the superlattice were temperature independent and commensurate to the parent lattice; a '=2 a , b '=8 b and c '=4 c .
TL;DR: The implications of the significant increase in dimethyl sulfide concentration in liver cirrhosis are discussed and methyl mercaptan did not show a statistically significant rise in this study.
TL;DR: Interaction of nalidixic acid with aluminum ion was revealed by spectrophotometric study and Stoichiometry of the nalidIXic acid-aluminum ion complex was estimated to be 3 to 1 by the method of continuous variations.
Abstract: Interaction of nalidixic acid with aluminum ion was revealed by spectrophotometric study. Stoichiometry of the nalidixic acid-aluminum ion complex was estimated to be 3 to 1 by the method of continuous variations. The interaction was further supported by an increase in solubility of the drug with increasing concentration of aluminum ion, by a decrease in (carbon tetrachloride/acetate buffer, pH3.3) partition coefficient with increasing concentration of aluminum ion in the aqueous layer, and by a decrease in the permeation rate of the drug through a cellulose membrane in the presence of aluminum ion in the donor compartment. Interaction of nalidixate anion with magnesium and calcium ions was also shown spectrophotometrically.
TL;DR: Modulator-deficient myosin light-chain kinase from rabbit skeletal muscle was purified by modulator protein-Sepharose 4B affinity chromatography and showed a single band on polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis in sodium dodecyl sulfate, and it exists as a monomer in the native state as determined by gel filtration.
Abstract: Modulator-deficient myosin light-chain kinase from rabbit skeletal muscle was purified by modulator protein-Sepharose 4B affinity chromatography. The purified protein showed a single band (MW 80,000) on polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis in sodium dodecyl sulfate, and it exists as a monomer in the native state as determined by gel filtration. The modulator-deficient myosin light-chain kinase (MW 80,000), modulator protein (MW 16,500) and Ca2+ were essential for the kinase activity. The half-maximal activity of the kinase in the presence of excess modulator protein with 10 mM MgCl2 was at pCa 5.1, where full activity of actomyosin-ATPase is observed in the presence of the troponin--tropomyosin system. Assuming a rapid equilibrium between myosin light-chain kinase and two substrates, ATP and g2 light-chain, Km values for ATP and g2 light chain were evaluated as 0.28 mM and 0.024 mM, respectively. Vm/e was 5.7 s-1.