Showing papers by "Hokkaido University published in 1980"
871 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the dependence on composition of optical properties and photoinduced changes in thin films of AsxS100−x with x between 15 and 45 was investigated and it was suggested that the origin of these effects is attributable to transformations of AsS and S-S bonds in films containing an excess of chalcogen.
406 citations
TL;DR: A plausible site of binding of α-lactalbumin is presented on the basis of the metal-binding site of lysozyme and of the structural models of the protein based on the lyso enzyme structure.
267 citations
TL;DR: Invertebrate calmodulins of the sea anemone and scallop muscle were isolated and their properties were compared with those of vertebrate cal modulins from rabbit muscle and pig brain.
Abstract: Invertebrate calmodulins of the sea anemone and scallop muscle were isolated and their properties were compared with those of vertebrate calmodulins from rabbit muscle and pig brain. The molecular weights estimated by SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis were similar to the molecular weight (16,500) of the vertebrate calmodulins. Every calmodulin contained 1 mol each of trimethyllysine and histidine, and high contents of acidic amino acids. The marine invertebrate calmodulins contained only one tyrosine in contrast to two tyrosines in the vertebrate ones. As a result, the UV absorption spectra were clearly different. The Ca2+-induced difference UV absorption spectra of the invertebrate calmodulins were indistinguishable from those of the vertebrate ones in spite of the difference in tyrosine contents. In tryptic peptide maps of invertebrate calmodulins, a few spots different from those of vertebrate calmodulins were observed in the basic and acidic peptide regions. The calmodulins of invertebrate muscles and that of rabbit skeletal muscle were almost indistinguishable in terms of the activation profile of rabbit skeletal myosin light chain kinase.
265 citations
248 citations
TL;DR: In this article, a theory based on the Monin-obukhov length was introduced for open channel flow with suspended sediments, and a velocity distribution equation based on this theory showed a good agreement with the measured velocity distribution.
Abstract: Characteristics of open channel flow with suspended sediments were theoretically investigated introducing a theory based on the Monin-Obukhov length First, a velocity distribution equation based on the theory showed a good agreement with the measured velocity distribution Second, the hydraulic resistance and the distribution of suspended sediment concentration observed in experiments were explained theoretically Third, a transport rate formula for suspended sediments, in which classical equations were included as a particular case, was obtained; and this formula, in cooperation with a reference concentration derived in the present study, showed agreement with experimental results Finally, the critical condition for deposition of suspended particles and the collapse of turbulence were derived and verified by experiments
221 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, various degradation products from soft and hardwood lignins by hydrolysis with dioxanewater and catalytic hydrogenolysis are discussed and a structural model is proposed mainly based on these degradation products.
Abstract: Various degradation products from soft-and hardwood lignins by hydrolysis with dioxanewater and catalytic hydrogenolysis are discussed. And a structural model for softwood lignin is proposed mainly based on these degradation products. The model has 28 units and indicates good agreement with the various analytical data obtained so far in the lignin chemistry.
179 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the frequency of vortex shedding from two circular cylinders of the same diameter in staggered arrangement was experimentally investigated at a Reynolds number of 1.58 × 104, which is within the range where the flow around a circular cylinder is relatively insensitive to Reynolds number changes.
Abstract: The frequency of vortex shedding from two circular cylinders of the same diameter in staggered arrangement is experimentally investigated at a Reynolds number of 1.58 × 104 . This Reynolds number is within the range where the flow around a circular cylinder is relatively insensitive to Reynolds number changes. The results are summarized in several figures from which one can obtain the Strouhal number of vortex shedding for all arrangements within distances between their centers less than 5 diameters.
130 citations
TL;DR: The rabbit muscle contractile proteins, myosin, actin and reconstituted actomyosin were mixed in 0.1–1.0 M KCl, 20 mM buffers, pH 5.0, and tested quantitatively for thermally induced gelation properties by measuring the rigidity (shear modulus) of the system at 20–70° and scanning electronmicroscopy revealed progressive changes in three dimensional ordering.
Abstract: The rabbit muscle contractile proteins, myosin, actin and reconstituted actomyosin were mixed in 0.1–1.0 M KCl, 20 mM buffers, pH 5.0–8.0, and were tested quantitatively for thermally induced gelation properties by measuring the rigidity (shear modulus) of the system at 20–70°. Scanning electronmicroscopy (SEM) was also used to study the structure of the gels formed by gelation of myosin in the presence of F-actin. Under the standard condition, i.e. at 0.6 M KCl, pH 6.0 and 65°, decrease of the myosin/actin mole ratio to about 1.5–2.0 in the reconstituted acto-myosin system resulted in substantial augmentation of the rigidity of the gel formed. Further decreases in the myosin ratio relative to F-actin reduced the rigidity value of the gel to close to the level of myosin alone. Gel-formability of the reconstituted actomyosin was maximal at pH 5.5–6.0 and between 0.5 and 0.8 M KCl and decreased considerably at other pH values and KCl concentrations.
The SEM studies revealed progressive changes in three dimensional ordering as actin concentration in the actomyosin varied. These were in concordance with the results of gel strength.
129 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the frequency of vortex shedding from a circular cylinder in a uniform shear flow and the flow patterns around it were experimentally investigated and the critical Reynolds number beyond which vortex shedding occurred was found to be higher than that for a uniform stream and increased approximately linearly with increasing shear parameter.
Abstract: The frequency of vortex shedding from a circular cylinder in a uniform shear flow and the flow patterns around it were experimentally investigated. The Reynolds number Re, which was defined in terms of the cylinder diameter and the approaching velocity at its centre, ranged from 35 to 1500. The shear parameter, which is the transverse velocity gradient of the shear flow non-dimensionalized by the above two quantities, was varied from 0 to 0·25. The critical Reynolds number beyond which vortex shedding from the cylinder occurred was found to be higher than that for a uniform stream and increased approximately linearly with increasing shear parameter when it was larger than about 0·06. In the Reynolds-number range 43 < Re < 220, the vortex shedding disappeared for sufficiently large shear parameters. Moreover, in the Reynolds-number range 100 < Re < 1000, the Strouhal number increased as the shear parameter increased beyond about 0·1.
122 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the rate equation for Fe(III)-oxyhydroxides was derived, where the rate is the product of the equilibrium constant for the adsorption of Fe2+ (K) and the specific rate for the oxidation of adsorbed Fe 2+ (ks), and the values for K and ks have been determined as functions of pH and [O2] for each Fe (III) species.
TL;DR: The group-IV transition-metal penta-chalcogenide, ZrTe 5, shows a giant peak of the electrical resistivity around 150 K, suggestive of a structural phase transition as discussed by the authors.
Abstract: The group-IV transition-metal penta-chalcogenide, ZrTe 5 , shows a giant peak of the electrical resistivity around 150 K, suggestive of a structural phase transition.
TL;DR: Phenotypic characters were investigated with new lily hybrids which were obtained from 15 crosses between distantly related species through embryo culture in combination with intrastylar pollination techniques and generally showed high pollen sterility though relatively high pollen fertility was also observed in combinations such as L. henryi and L. longiflorum.
Abstract: 1. Phenotypic characters were investigated with new lily hybrids which were obtained from 15 crosses between distantly related species through embryo culture in combination with intrastylar pollination techniques.2. In general, the external features of these hybrids were intermediate between those of their parents and mostly resembled one another if crosses were carried out among nearly natural species. On the other hand, progenies derived from cultivars with genetic heterology, which had been employed as either seed or pollen parent, showed a wide variation of external characters.3. Flower colors deeper than those of either parent manifested themselves in some hybrids produced by the crosses of L. speciosum×L. henryi and L. ‘Shikayama’ ×L. henryi.4. Allotriploids containing two genomes (2x) derived from L. longiflorum and a genome (x) from another species were obtained in 5 combinations of crosses with L. longiflorunm as female parent. Each of them showed flower types that resembled those of L. longiflorum.5. These hybrids generally showed high pollen sterility though relatively high pollen fertility was also observed in combinations such as L. longiflorunm×L. ‘Hagoromo’ and L. ‘Shi kayama’ ×L. henryi. Such partial fertility may indicate the presence of close genetic relationship between certain parent species.6. Percent seed production by backcross showed very low values. Each set of the seeds produced in every combination was small in number and failed to germinate completely except for two combinations.
TL;DR: In this article, a rosette formation test with guinea pig erythrocytes was used to detect immature T-lymphocytes in young SHR rats before developing hypertension and showed that the number of rosetting cells progressively decreased with age.
Abstract: The thymuses of young SHR rats before developing hypertension had reduced numbers of immature T-lymphocytes which were detected by the rosette formation test with guinea pig erythrocytes, whereas the thymuses of other eight rat strains tested contained about 60% rosetting cells. The number of rosetting cells progressively decreased with age. The blastogenic responses to PHA of the SHR rat lymphocytes was depressed to less than one fifth when compared to those of other rat strains including W/Mk rats, the original colony of the SHR rats. Other cell-mediated immune responses, including delayed hypersensitivity, allograft rejections, and a cooperation of T- and B-lymphocytes to produce humoral antibody formation were significantly depressed when compared to those of other rat strains.
Journal Article•
TL;DR: Thymuses of young SHR rats before developing hypertension had reduced numbers of immature T lymphocytes, and other cell-mediated immune responses, including delayed hypersensitivity, allograft rejections, and a co-operation of T and B lymphocytes to produce humoral antibody formation were depressed significantly when compared to those of other rat strains.
Abstract: Cell-mediated immunity was investigated in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR). The thymuses of young SHR rats before developing hypertension had reduced numbers of immature T lymphocytes which were detected by the rosette formation test with guinea-pig erythrocytes in the presence of foetal bovine serum, whereas the thymuses of eight other rat strains tested contained about 60% of rosetting cells. The number of rosetting cells decreased progressively with age. The blastogenic responses to PHA and Con A of the SHR rats' lymphocytes was depressed to less than one-fifth when compared to those of othe rat strains including W/7k rats, the original colony of the SHR rats. Eight-month-old SHR rats showed fewer mitogenic responses than those of 2-month-old SHR rats. Other cell-mediated immune responses, including delayed hypersensitivity, allograft rejections, and a co-operation of T and B lymphocytes to produce humoral antibody formation were depressed significantly when compared to those of other rat strains. Possible mechanisms of immunological depression in the SHR rats in relation to the devleopment of hypertension are discussed.
TL;DR: A simple and reproducible silver-staining technique for nucleolus organizer regions (NORs) was developed, use being made of nylon cloth as a coverslip for even impregnation of the silver solution.
Abstract: A simple and reproducible silver-staining technique for nucleolus organizer regions (NORs) was developed, use being made of nylon cloth as a coverslip for even impregnation of the silver solution. Ag-NORs were clearly and selectively visualized in human and mouse chromosomes, without equivocal staining of centrometric heterochromatin and background silver grains.
TL;DR: In this paper, the isomerization of 1-butene and cyclopropane and the disproportionation of propylene, propylene and ethylene were investigated over tungsten oxides supported on MgO, Al2O3, SiO2, TiO2 and ZrO2.
TL;DR: In this paper, the reactions of allylic or benzylic bromides with 1-alkenyldisiamylboranes readily available from 1alkynes in the presence of sodium hydroxide and catalytic amounts of tetrakis-(triphenylphosphine)palladium to give corresponding 1,4-alkadienes or allylbenzenes in good yields
TL;DR: In this article, the results of study in a laboratory on the measurement of ion mobility and on the breakdown process in dielectric liquids are presented when an electrode system such as razorblade emitter-grid-collector is used for measuring ion mobility by the time of flight method.
Abstract: On the optical studies of electrical conduction and breakdown in dielectric liquids, recent works which have been studied in Japan are briefly reviewed first. Next, the results of study in our laboratory on the measurement of ion mobility and on the breakdown process in liquids are presented. When an electrode system such as razorblade emitter-grid-collector is used for the measurement of ion mobility by the time of flight method, the field uniformity between grid-collector is calculated, and the space charge effect related to the current density is investigated. Through these researches suitable condition for ion mobility measurement are revealed. On the breakdown process, the schlieren method and high-speed photography are used under a pulse voltage applied to a needle-plane gap. Various aspects of the breakdown process from streamer initiation to main stroke, the polarity effect of streamer propagation, the relation between the mean velocity of positive streamer Vm and molecular structure of liquid, the relation between vm and pre-breakdown current, Vm of mixed liquid etc. are described.
TL;DR: In this paper, the quasi one-dimensional conductor TaS3 was measured in the low-temperature semiconducting regime and the conductivity along c-axis (l-d axis) was characterized by the activated process with the activation energy of 250K, and the current field (I-E) characteristic was nonlinear, dI dE increasing with the field strength.
TL;DR: In this article, a unified model for GaAs and InP metal-insulator-semiconductor (MIS) systems is presented, which involves particular types of U-shaped distributions of interface states, localized and nonlocalized states, and tunneling processes.
Abstract: A unified model for GaAs and InP metal-insulator-semiconductor (MIS) systems is presented. It involves particular types of U-shaped distributions of interface states, localized and nonlocalized states, and tunneling processes. Detailed experimental data including the C-V data, frequency dependence of MIS admittance, photocapacitance transient spectroscopy, and deep-level transient spectroscopy, support the model. Formation of a disordered nonstoichiometric semiconductor region is suggested to be the most probable mechanism for the anomalous distributions of interface states. Effects of interface states on microwave MISFET's, and implications of the model for logic applications are briefly discussed.
TL;DR: Some experiments are reported which show that in certain special cases this density rule is broken, and the concept of segregation maps is introduced as a convenient way of showing for a particular set of conditions whether small dense particles are jetsam or flotsam, or whether the whole system is well mixed.
TL;DR: Binding energies of Fe 3 p and Fe 2 p electrons for K 2 FeO 4 were measured and compared with those for γ-FeOOH, α-Fe 2 O 3, and for metallic iron as mentioned in this paper.
TL;DR: Vitellin was purified from the eggs of the silkworm, Bombyx mori by a simple method which included a specific precipitation at pH 6 under low ionic concentration and DEAE-cellulose column chromatography.
TL;DR: The amino acid sequence of the calmodulin obtained from sea anemone muscle was determined and it was found that it was composed of 148 amino acid residues and its amino terminal was blocked.
TL;DR: Taxonomic studies were performed on two hundred nineteen bacterial isolates from eleven species of fish affected by vibriosis reared in fresh water or sea water all over Japan and found that Vibrio anguillarum and related organisms, accounting for about 90% of the strains tested, were confirmed to be causative organisms of vibRIosis.
Abstract: Taxonomic studies were performed on two hundred nineteen bacterial isolates from eleven species of fish affected by vibriosis reared in fresh water or sea water all over Japan. First, we tried to identify these strains according to Bergey's Manual, 8th ed. (1974). Vibrio anguillarum and related organisms, accounting for about 90% of the strains tested, were confirmed to be causative organisms of vibriosis. Then we attempted to clarify the relationship of these organisms by numerical taxonomy with 103 representative strains. Eighty-nine of the 103 strains were classified into five major taxons (phenon I-V) with similarities of ≥ 80%. Phenon I was comprised of 64 strains identified as V. anguillarum. Phenon II contained 16 strains of Vibrio sp. (corresponding to V. ordalii by SCHIEWE et al., 1981). All of the organisms in phenon II were isolated from salmonidae reared in fresh water. Phenons III and IV consisted of the two reference strains of V. metschnikovii and five of V. parahaemolyticus, respectively. Phenon V contained two strains which were isolated from the anchovy (Eugraulis japonica) and the yellowtail (Seriola quinqueradiata). Fourteen single member-clusters belonged to other species or genera. Next, we examined the DNA-DNA homology among representative strains of each phenon, and between the five phenons and the six single member-clusters. From the results, we confirmed that phenons I and II differed from phenons III, IV, V and the single member-clusters. According to the numerical taxonomy, we considered phenon I to be clearly different from phenon II with similarities of less than 57%; however, the results of the DNA-DNA homology indicated that the two phenons probably belonged to the same species. Subsequently, we carried out a serological analysis of thermostable and thermolabile antigens of the V. anguillarum of phenon I and phenon II with additional isolates. The results showed that with thermostable antigens V. anguillarum could be separated into eight serological groups (J-O-1-J-O-8). However, more than 90% of them were classified as J-O-1-J-O-3. Furthermore 80% of the strains belonging to J-O-1 were isolated from fish reared in fresh water and more than 80% of the strains in J-O-3 were isolated from fish reared in sea water. The sources of the strains belonging to J-O-2 were not specified. There was only one strain belonging to each of J-O-4, J-O-5, J-O-6 and J-O-7, but all of them were isolated from diseased fish. So these strains are worthy of notice in relation diagnosis and prevention against fish vibriosis in Japan. The strains belonging to J-O-8 were isolated from the sea environment only, and were only slightly virulent. Their existence in the fish culture environments is interesting in regard to the epidemiology of fish vibriosis. The V. anguillarum of phenon II, which were all isolated from salmonidae reared in fresh water, possessed a common thermostable antigen (J-O-1) with the V. anguillarum of phenon I. Therefore they could not be distinguished from the V. anguillarum of phenon I by serotyping using the thermostable antigen. However, we found that they could be distinguished by a thermolabile antigen. We also found that all of the V. anguillarum (phenons I and II) possessed a common thermolabile antigen.
TL;DR: In this article, the soliton mode was identified as a solution of the Pitaevskii-Gross (or nonlinear Schrodinger) equation for the corresponding Bose field.
Abstract: Lieb's type II excitation, derived exactly by means of a Bethe ansatz, in a one-dimensional Bose system with the repulsive delta-function interaction is identified with the soliton mode, which is a solution of the Pitaevskii-Gross (or nonlinear Schrodinger) equation for the corresponding Bose field.
TL;DR: In this paper, a new method for measuring the in-plane velocity of a moving diffuse object by using the technique of zero-crossings for the intensity fluctuation of spatially integrated laser speckles is proposed.
Abstract: This paper proposes a new method for measuring the in-plane velocity of a moving diffuse object by using the technique of zero-crossings for the intensity fluctuation of spatially integrated laser speckles The scattered speckle pattern is detected in the diffraction field by a finite-aperture photodetector whose output current is analyzed, after removal of its dc component, by counting zero-crossings The number of zero-crossings per second for the signal is investigated theoretically and found to depend linearly on the object’s velocity The theoretical results are confirmed experimentally for translational speckles detected by the photodetector having circular apertures of various sizes The excellent agreement between theoretical and experimental results shows that the new method allows measurement of the velocity of a moving object in real time with good accuracy