Showing papers by "Hokkaido University published in 1982"
TL;DR: Several workers have recently proposed digital techniques for high-resolution imaging through the turbulent atmosphere to calculate and average phase angles of a series of image Fourier transforms to suppress the unwanted atmospheric effects on image resolution.
Abstract: Several workers have recently proposed digital techniques for high-resolution imaging through the turbulent atmosphere. The basic concept of these algorithms is to calculate and average phase angles of a series of image Fourier transforms to suppress the unwanted atmospheric effects on image resolution. Since computed phase angles contain the ambiguities of integral multiples of 2 pirad, it is necessary to obtain continuous phase curves without the ambiguities before averaging. This process of eliminating the ambiguities is called phase tracking or unwrapping. A similar problem has been discussed by Oppenheim and Schafer and Tribolet in the context of realization of a certain homomorphic signal processing system.
673 citations
TL;DR: Methoxybenzyl protecting groups of alcohols were readily and efficiently removed with DDQ in CH2Cl2-H2O at room temperature under these neutral conditions, other usual protecting groups, isopropylidene, methoxymethyl, benzyloxymmethyl, tetrahydropyranyl, acetyl, t-butyldimethylsilyl, benyl, benzoyl, and tosyl, as well as functional groups, epoxide, double bond, and ketone, were remained unchanged as discussed by the authors.
546 citations
350 citations
TL;DR: A simple preparation method of sand specimen using multiple sieving pluviation apparatus (msp method) by which various desired specimen density can be provided exclusively by controlling the rate of sand discharge is developed as discussed by the authors.
298 citations
TL;DR: A two-cell-type model for the production of follicular estrogens, the thecal layer possibly contributing to estradiol-17β production by synthesizing androgens which are transferred to the granulosa layer and aromatized to est radiol- 17β is suggested.
217 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, a new interpretation of the habits of ice growing from vapour is proposed, based on a view that the surface of ice just below 0°C is covered with a quasi-liquid layer, whose thickness ϑ or coverage δ decreases with falling temperature, and therefore the growth mechanism of a crystal face changes also as follows.
200 citations
TL;DR: There is a close temporal relationship between the cytogenetic and biochemical manifestations of the X-inactivation process, and a pattern of early paternal X-chromosome replication, transitory in some cases, that is unique to extra-embryonic tissues.
Abstract: We have made a detailed study of the X-chromosome replication pattern during the period when X-inactivation is occurring in the mouse embryo. Our observations show unequivocal regionalization of the embryo with respect to the temporal X-chromosome. The switch from isocyclic to allocyclic replication occurs in the embryonic ectoderm at approximately 6 days of development and is random with respect to parental origin of the X-chromosome. In the extra-embryonic tissues, however, the switch to allocyclic replication has apparently occurred prior to 5.3 days of development and almost exclusively involves the paternally-derived X-chromosome. Since these findings are consistent with results obtained in biochemical studies of X-chromosome activity in female embryos, we conclude that there is a close temporal relationship between the cytogenetic and biochemical manifestations of the X-inactivation process. In addition, we have observed a pattern of early paternal X-chromosome replication, transitory in some cases, that is unique to extra-embryonic tissues. These results suggest that there may be some differences in the mechanism by which X-inactivation occurs in the extra-embryonic tissues as compared with the embryonic ectoderm.
175 citations
TL;DR: On DDQ under anhydrous conditions, hydroxy groups located at α or β position to methoxybenzyl ether groups were readily protected by the intramolecular oxidative formation of acid-sensitive methoxy benzylidene acetals, which were further oxidized to alkali-sensitive hydroxy esters in the presence of H 2 O as mentioned in this paper.
161 citations
TL;DR: It was concluded that the maximum volume pulsation occurs when the transmural pressure was equal to zero, i.e. the arterial wall isunloaded.
Abstract: To analyse the mechanism of the occurrence of the maximum volume pulsation in an artery during the application of counterpressure, the static, and dynamic pressure-volume (P-V) relationship was measured in excised arterial segments placed in a compression chamber. Teh volume change caused by perfusing the segment with a sinusoidal pump was detected by an infrared photoelectric plethysmograph during the application of counterpressure. It was revealed that the characteristic change in the amplitude of volume pulsation in response to the gradual change in the counterpressure was due to the nonlinearity of the P-V relation of the artery, and that the value of the counterpressure showing the maximum pulsation amplitude was coincided with the mean arterial pressure. From this evidence it was concluded that the maximum volume pulsation occurs when the transmural pressure was equal to zero, i.e. the arterial wall isunloaded. Based on the results a new oscillometric method for the indirect measurement of systolic and mean arterial pressure in an arterial segment was designed. Through the comparison of data with the actual pressure produced by perfusing the segment, it was demonstrated that systolic and mean arterial pressure can be indirectly measured by this technique within ±3 mm Hg error.
135 citations
TL;DR: In this article, it was concluded that the reaction proceeded through the route (1) 2CH3OH → HCOOCH3 + 2H2 (2) HCOO CH3 + H2O → HCCOH + CH3OH (3) HCOH → C02+H2 in which no carbon monoxide took part.
134 citations
01 Jan 1982
TL;DR: To be of full functional significance for the organism, circadian rhythms have to be synchronized to the 24-h day and can be entrained to periods deviating from 24 h only within certain limits.
Abstract: To be of full functional significance for the organism, circadian rhythms have to be synchronized to the 24-h day. This is done by response to periodic signals from the environment, the Zeitgebers (Pittendrigh 1981). The entrained state is characterized by a stable phase angle difference ψ between rhythm and Zeitgeber; sign and amount of ψ depend on the period τ of the rhythm (as measured in constant conditions) and on the period T of the Zeitgeber. Furthermore, circadian systems can be entrained to periods deviating from 24 h only within certain limits (Aschoff and Pohl 1978).
01 Sep 1982
TL;DR: In this paper, a novel method for detecting and identifying three fundamental anomalies, i.e., occurrence of bad data, changes in network configuration and sudden variation of states, in dynamic state estimation for electric power systems is proposed.
Abstract: A novel method for detecting and identifying three fundamental anomalies, i.e. occurrence of bad data, changes in network configuration and sudden variation of states, in dynamic state estimation for electric power systems is proposed. Examination of innovation processes in the Kalman filter is appropriately used in each step of the detection of anomalies, discrimination between anomalies and application of counterplans. Discrimination between the anomalies is performed by a test based on skewness or the chi-square value of distributions of the innovation processes, although changes in network configuration and sudden variations of states are not always separable. Counterplans, which are different for each case of the anomalies, are developed so as to prevent deterioration in the accuracy of the estimator. Simulation results show that this algorithm works excellently.
TL;DR: Open-tubular gas chromatographic analysis of fatty acids in the lipids from the seeds of 20 species of Gymnospermae showed that they all contained nonmethylene-interrupted polyenoic (NMIP) acids as minor components and palmitic, oleic, linoleic and α-linolenic acids as major components.
Abstract: Open-tubular gas chromatographic analysis of fatty acids in the lipids from the seeds of 20 species of Gymnospermae showed that they all contained nonmethylene-interrupted polyenoic (NMIP) acids as minor components and palmitic, oleic, linoleic and α-linolenic acids as major components. The NMIP acids have an additional 5,6-ethylenic bond in ordinary plant unsaturated fatty acids and the following C2 elongation acids:cis-5,cis-9-octadecadienoic acid (5,9–18∶2) (I); 5,9,12–18∶3 (II); 5,9,12,15–18∶4, 5,11–20∶2, 5,11,14–20∶3 (III); and 5,11,14,17–20∶4 (IV). The main NMIP acids found in neutral lipids are I in two species ofTaxus, II in seven species of Pinaceae, III in two species of Podocarpaceae,Torreya nucifera, Cycas revoluta, andGinkgo biloba, and III and IV in each of three species of Taxodiaceae, and Cupressaceae. The polar lipids constitute the minor fraction of seed lipids in general. The content and composition of NMIP acids in these lipids differe considerably from those in neutral lipids. Analysis of the partial cleavage products of triacylglycerols showed that the NMIP acids distribute mainly in the 1,3-position.
TL;DR: In this article, it was shown that the volume fraction of the lighter component in the lower layer is constant regardless of the bulk bed composition, and that layer inversion occurs for a given particle mixture when the liquid velocity passes through a value at which the volume of the thinner component in lower layer becomes equal to the larger component in upper layer.
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors applied the discrete-vortex model to simulate the separation bubble over a two-dimensional blunt flat plate with finite thickness and right-angled corners, which is aligned parallel to a uniform approaching stream.
Abstract: The discrete-vortex model is applied to simulate the separation bubble over a two- dimensional blunt flat plate with finite thickness and right-angled corners, which is aligned parallel to a uniform approaching stream. This flow situation is chosen because, unlike most previous applications of the model, the separation bubble is supposed to be strongly affected by a nearby solid surface. The major objective of this paper is to examine to what extent the discrete-vortex model is effective for such a flow. A simple procedure is employed to represent the effect of viscosity near the solid surface; in particular, the no-slip condition on the solid surface. A reduction in the circulation of elemental vortices is introduced as a function of their ages in order to represent the three-dimensional deformation of vortex filaments, An experiment was also performed for comparison purposes.The calculation yielded reasonable predictions of the time-mean and r.m.s. values of the velocity and the surface-pressure fluctuations, together with correlations between their fluctuating components, over most of the separation bubble. The interrelation between instantaneous spatial variations of the surface-pressure and velocity fluctuations were also obtained. A comparison between the calculated and measured results suggests that, in the real flow, the three-dimensional deformation of vortex filaments will become more and more dominant as the reattachment point is approached.
TL;DR: In this paper, the formation of hydrocarbons in the reaction of CO + H/sub 2/ and CO+sub 2+H/sub2/ + H/(sub 2)/ + H(sub 2) was studied over rhodium catalysts supported on ZrO/sub 1/2/3/4/5/6/7/8/10/11/12/13/14/15/16/17/18/19/20/21/22/23/24/26/27/28
TL;DR: In this paper, the Soya warm current from Abashiri Bay to the area off the coast of the southern Kuril Islands is clarified by water mass analysis and it is shown that the water flowing into the Okhotsk Sea as Soya Warm Water is divided into two: the Forerunner of Soyawarm water (March to May) and the Subsurface Water (June to November).
Abstract: Characteristics of the Soya Warm Current from Abashiri Bay to the area off the coast of the southern Kuril Islands are clarified by water mass analysis. The water flowing into the Okhotsk Sea as the Soya Warm Current is divided into two: the Forerunner of the Soya Warm Water (March to May) and the Soya Warm Water (June to November). It is shown that in May the Soya Warm Current flows in the subsurface layer (about 200–400m deep) in Abashiri Bay, and flows northeastward just off the coast of the Kuril Islands as a subsurface current reaching a region northwest of Etorofu Island by the end of May. The dissolved oxygen content is fairly effective in identifying the Forerunner of the Soya Warm Water in the subsurface layer. The Soya Warm Current shifts upwards to the surface layer in Abashiri Bay by early July, because the Soya Warm Water with large thermosteric anomalyδ
t
begins to flow into the Okhotsk Sea in June. It is shown that, in general, the major portion of the Soya Warm Current flows northeastward just off the coast of the Kuril Islands during the summer season, although a minor branch of the current flows northward in the area off the Shiretoko Peninsula, and another minor branch flows out to the Pacific Ocean through the Nemuro Straits.
TL;DR: With a new oscillometric method equipped with a transmittance infrared photoelectric plethysmograph, indirect systolic, and mean arterial pressures were measured in 12 normotensive and hypertensive subjects and a fairly good correlation between the pairs of simultaneous data was obtained.
Abstract: With a new oscillometric method equipped with a transmittance infrared photoelectric plethysmograph, indirect systolic, and mean arterial pressures were measured in 12 normotensive and hypertensive subjects with systolic and mean arterial pressures ranging from 55 to 163 mmHg and from 95 to 200 mmHg, respectively. The pressure values obtained by this method were compared with direct measurements of the brachial intra-arterial pressure recorded simultaneously. A fairly good correlation between the pairs of simultaneous data from these two methods were obtained.
TL;DR: In this paper, a 3,5-Dimethylphenol-formaldehyde resin was carbonized with NaOH and it was found that as the amount of NaOH increases, the temperature of the hydrogen gas evolution is significantly lowered and its amount increases enormously.
TL;DR: In this paper, the free vibration of a truncated conical shell with variable thickness was analyzed by using the transfer matrix approach, and the effects of the semi-vertex angle, truncated length and varying thickness on the vibration were studied.
TL;DR: The results indicate that the cardiac toxicity of hydroperoxides is due mainly to their effect on mitochondrial metabolism.
Abstract: The effect of hydroperoxides on the cardiac tissue was studied by using hemoglobin-free perfused rat heart. Ethylhydroperoxide was degraded mainly through the glutathione peroxidase system of the heart at a maximal rate of about 1.2 mumol/min per g wet wt. When ethylhydroperoxide infused was not degraded completely, the hydroperoxide concentration in the effluent perfusate paralleled the formation of ferrylmyoglobin in the heart. The infusion of ethylhydroperoxide caused release of oxidized glutathione into the effluent perfusate as a result of the enhancement of the cytosolic glutathione peroxidase reaction. The leakage of oxidized glutathione reached the maximal rate of 3.5 nmol/min per g wet wt with the infusion of 175 microM ethylhydroperoxide. At hydroperoxide concentrations above 150 microM, oxidations of pyridine nucleotides and of cytochrome a + a3 occurred, probably through a stimulation of the mitochondrial glutathione peroxidase reaction, and resulted in sudden failure of the heart function. The infusion of t-butyl- and cumene-hydroperoxides, which are unable to react with myoglobin, also caused the oxidations of pyridine nucleotides and cytochrome a + a3, the inhibition of oxygen consumption and the failure of heart function. The results indicate that the cardiac toxicity of hydroperoxides is due mainly to their effect on mitochondrial metabolism.
TL;DR: In this article, the helical spin structure due to antisymmetric exchange interaction can be distinguished from the one of usual origin by observing its behavior under the external magnetic field.
TL;DR: The isolation of a natural hatching stimulus for the soybean cyst nematode from the roots of kidney bean is reported, designated as glycinoeclepin A, which stimulates the hatching of larvae from the eggs in vitro at a concentration of 10−11 to ∼10−12 g ml−1 in water at 25 °C.
Abstract: The cyst nematodes (genera Heterodera, Globodera and others)1 generally have a limited host range. This specificity arises from the fact that the hatching of larvae from cysts occurs in response to specific stimuli secreted by the host plants2–4. Because of the scientific interest and importance in agriculture of these stimuli, since their first recognition5 in 1922 much time and effort2–4 has been expended in attempts to purify and characterize them. However, success has been limited by the extremely small amounts of active substance available. We report here the isolation of a natural hatching stimulus for the soybean cyst nematode from the roots of kidney bean. The substance, designated as glycinoeclepin A, stimulates the hatching of larvae from the eggs in vitro at a concentration of 10−11 to ∼10−12 g ml−1 in water at 25 °C.
TL;DR: In this article, the formation of hydrocarbons in the reactions of CO + H2 and CO2+H2 was studied over rhodium catalysts supported on Nb2O2, ZrO 2, Al2O3, SiO2 and MgO.
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors examined the usefulness of long-period micro-tremor observation for earthquake engineering problems at extremely deep soil deposit site, made in the Niigata Plain, Japan, and in Los Angeles, California, where depths to the basement rock are several kilometers.
Abstract: The usefulness of long-period microtremor observation for earthquake engineering problems at extremely deep soil deposit site was examined in this study. Microtremor observations were made in the Niigata Plain, Japan, and in Los Angeles, California, where depths to the basement rock are several kilometers. These two locations were selected because strong-motion records obtained during the Niigata earthquake of 1964 and the San Fernando earthquake of 1971 contain large long-period amplitudes. Understanding why these predominate long-period motions were recorded is important for the evaluation of seismic input motions for large-scale structures. Long-period microtremor observations were carried out in both areas in order to evaluate the characteristics of deep soil. Observations were performed simultaneously at a number of stations to distinguish the nature of deep soil deposit. The result of Fourier analysis showed that amplitude of microtremors in long-period range increases systematically from the point of basement rock outcrop to deep deposit site, with the increase corresponding to the depth-to-basement rock. This relationship coincides with that observed in the strong-motion earthquake records. These analyses indicated that simultaneous observation of long-period microtremors at a number of stations can provide insight to the characteristic of deep soil amplification and, therefore, permit estimation of seismic input motions for large-scale structures.
TL;DR: Findings suggest that glutathione S-conjugate formed by the catalytic reaction of glutathion S-transferase in erythrocytes under the exposure to electrophilic compounds, is eliminated via the same transport process for GSSG elevated under oxidative stress.
Abstract: Previous studies [Kondo, T., Dale, G. L. and Beutler, E. (1981) Biochim. Biophys. Acta, 645, 132-1361 have shown evidence for the existence of two different active-transport processes for glutathione disulphide (GSSG) in human erythrocytes (the high-Km and low-Km processes). In the present investigation adenosine-triphosphate- dependent transport of glutathione S-conjugate was characterized in comparison with active glutathione transport using inside-out vesicles from human erythrocytes. Incubation of the vesicles with glutathione S-conjugate (S-2,4-dinitrophenylglutathione) was found to inhibit competitively the high-Km process of GSSG transport but not significantly affect the low-Km process. The glutathione S-conjugate transport required ATP. A Lineweaver-Burk plot of the transport rate as a function of the conjugate concentration gave an apparent Km value of 0.94 mM. The Km value of ATP-Mg was 0.76 mM. The transport of glutathione S-conjugate was dependent on temperature. Preincubation of vesicles with dithiothreitol resulted in an increase of the transport rate while thiol reagents, such as iodoacetamide, N-ethylmaleimide andp-chloromercuribenzoate inhibited the transport. Addition of nucleotides, such as CTP, UTP or GTP had no effect on the transport. These findings suggest that glutathione S-conjugate formed by the catalytic reaction of glutathione S-transferase in erythrocytes under the exposure to electrophilic compounds, is eliminated via the same transport process for GSSG elevated under oxidative stress.
TL;DR: Observations and previous data support the postulate that insect lipophorin serves as the true carrier molecule for the transport of hydrocarbons from the site of synthesis (oenocyte) to the sites of deposition (cuticle), in addition to its function of transporting diacylglycerol and cholesterol from the fat body and intestine.
TL;DR: Evidence is provided that gonadotropin directly controls estradiol-17β production in amago salmon follicles, and this work is the first to demonstrate that in vitro gonadotropic activity in oocytes surrounded by follicle layers of amago Salmon is regulated by a single substance.
TL;DR: In this paper, the crystal structure of antiferroelectric PbZrO 3 has been studied at room temperature by adopting X-ray and neutron profile analysis methods, and a considerable refinement of the structure has been made on a previous model which has generally been accepted in these 20 years.
Abstract: Crystal structure of antiferroelectric PbZrO 3 has been studied at room temperature by adopting X-ray and neutron profile analysis methods. A considerable refinement of the structure has been made on a previous model which has generally been accepted in these 20 years. In contrast to the old model which has a large spontaneous polarization, present model has no polarization at all, and the interatomic distances are reasonable magnitude. Several contradictions having been noticed between the dielectric properties and the structural nature are now completely resolved.
TL;DR: It is proposed that a restricted capacity of cells to produce biologically active fusion protein is a prerequisite for maintaining a persistant infection in actively dividing cellsin vitro.
Abstract: Mouse hybridoma antibodies against 5 different structural components of measles virus were used in immune fluorescence tests to characterize the appearance of viral antigens in productively infected cell cultures. The antibodies employed in the tests reacted specifically with the hemagglutinin (H, 79K), polymerase (P, 72K), nucleocapsid (NP, 60K) hemolysin-fusion factor (F, 41+20K) and matrix (M, 36K) proteins. Syncytia formed in lytically infected cultures and single isolated cells in persistenly infected cell cultures were both examined. Antibodies against NP and P proteins stained cytoplasmic inclusions varying in size from small dots to more confluent masses, frequently in a perinuclear position. Nuclei of infected cells contained exclusively NP antigen. Antibodies to envelope components--H, F and M--stained cytoplasmic membrane structures and also gave a granular cytoplasmic staining, especially in syncytia. Although all persistently infected cells produced NP antigen and the associated P component, they had a restricted capacity to produce demonstrable amount of envelope antigens. The occurrence of cells containing envelope antigens varied between about 50 and 5 per cent with H and F antigens giving the highest and lowest frequence values, respectively. It is proposed that a restricted capacity of cells to produce biologically active fusion protein is a prerequisite for maintaining a persistent infection in actively dividing cells in vitro.