Institution
Hokkaido University
Education•Sapporo, Hokkaidô, Japan•
About: Hokkaido University is a education organization based out in Sapporo, Hokkaidô, Japan. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Population & Catalysis. The organization has 53925 authors who have published 115403 publications receiving 2651647 citations. The organization is also known as: Hokudai & Hokkaidō daigaku.
Topics: Population, Catalysis, Gene, Transplantation, Virus
Papers published on a yearly basis
Papers
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TL;DR: The similarities in the phenotypes of the MILI- and MVH-deficient mice and in the physical binding properties of MILI and MVh indicate a functional association of these proteins in post-transcriptional regulation, and indicate that MILI is essential for the differentiation of spermatocytes.
Abstract: The piwi family genes, which are defined by conserved PAZ and Piwi domains, play important roles in stem cell self-renewal, RNA silencing, and translational regulation in various organisms. To reveal the function of the mammalian homolog of piwi, we produced and analyzed mice with targeted mutations in the Mili gene, which is one of three mouse homologs of piwi. Spermatogenesis in the MILI-null mice was blocked completely at the early prophase of the first meiosis, from the zygotene to early pachytene, and the mice were sterile. However, primordial germ cell development and female germ cell production were not disturbed. Furthermore, MILI bound to MVH, which is an essential factor during the early spermatocyte stage. The similarities in the phenotypes of the MILI- and MVH-deficient mice and in the physical binding properties of MILI and MVH indicate a functional association of these proteins in post-transcriptional regulation. These data indicate that MILI is essential for the differentiation of spermatocytes.
769 citations
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TL;DR: It is suggested that, in activation studies with near-infrared spectroscopy, HbO(2) is the most sensitive indicator of changes in CBF, and the direction of change in deoxy-Hb is determined by the degree ofChanges in venous blood oxygenation and volume.
Abstract: Using a newly developed perfused rat brain model, we examined direct effects of each change in cerebral blood flow (CBF) and oxygen metabolic rate on cerebral hemoglobin oxygenation to interpret ne...
767 citations
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TL;DR: This work evaluates the dependence of the magnetoresistance of graphene on relaxation rates associated with various possible ways of breaking a "hidden" valley symmetry of the system by evaluating the dependent rates of trigonal warping and intervalley scattering.
Abstract: Because of the chiral nature of electrons in a monolayer of graphite (graphene) one can expect weak antilocalization and a positive weak-field magnetoresistance in it. However, trigonal warping (which breaks $\mathbf{p}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}\ensuremath{-}\mathbf{p}$ symmetry of the Fermi line in each valley) suppresses antilocalization, while intervalley scattering due to atomically sharp scatterers in a realistic graphene sheet or by edges in a narrow wire tends to restore conventional negative magnetoresistance. We show this by evaluating the dependence of the magnetoresistance of graphene on relaxation rates associated with various possible ways of breaking a ``hidden'' valley symmetry of the system.
761 citations
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United States Department of Energy1, University of California, Berkeley2, Nagoya University3, University of Texas at Austin4, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology5, National Institute of Genetics6, Hiroshima University7, Hokkaido University8, University of Tokyo9, Radboud University Nijmegen10, Salk Institute for Biological Studies11, Nagahama Institute of Bio-Science and Technology12, Yamagata University13, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology14, Tokyo Institute of Technology15, University of Tokushima16, Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research17, Rikkyo University18, University of Maryland, Baltimore19, Kitasato University20, University of Chicago21, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology22, National Institutes of Natural Sciences, Japan23, Illumina24, University of Washington25, University of Virginia26, Niigata University27, University of Rochester28, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center29, University of Calgary30, University of Iowa31, University of Basel32, Graduate University for Advanced Studies33, National Institute of Informatics34
TL;DR: The Xenopus laevis genome is sequenced and it is estimated that the two diploid progenitor species diverged around 34 million years ago and combined to form an allotetraploid around 17–18 Ma, where more than 56% of all genes were retained in two homoeologous copies.
Abstract: To explore the origins and consequences of tetraploidy in the African clawed frog, we sequenced the Xenopus laevis genome and compared it to the related diploid X. tropicalis genome. We characterize the allotetraploid origin of X. laevis by partitioning its genome into two homoeologous subgenomes, marked by distinct families of 'fossil' transposable elements. On the basis of the activity of these elements and the age of hundreds of unitary pseudogenes, we estimate that the two diploid progenitor species diverged around 34 million years ago (Ma) and combined to form an allotetraploid around 17-18 Ma. More than 56% of all genes were retained in two homoeologous copies. Protein function, gene expression, and the amount of conserved flanking sequence all correlate with retention rates. The subgenomes have evolved asymmetrically, with one chromosome set more often preserving the ancestral state and the other experiencing more gene loss, deletion, rearrangement, and reduced gene expression.
761 citations
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TL;DR: A novel strategy, the direct identification of repeat expansion and cloning technique (DIRECT), which allows selective detection of expanded GAG repeats and cloning of the genes involved and will dramatically accelerate the search for causative genes of neuropsychiatric diseases caused by trinucleotide repeat expansions.
Abstract: Spinocerebellar ataxia type 2 (SCA2) is an autosomal dominant, neurodegenerative disorder that affects the cerebellum and other areas of the central nervous system. We have devised a novel strategy, the direct identification of repeat expansion and cloning technique (DIRECT), which allows selective detection of expanded CAG repeats and cloning of the genes involved. By applying DIRECT, we identified an expanded CAG repeat of the gene for SCA2. CAG repeats of normal alleles range in size from 15 to 24 repeat units, while those of SCA2 chromosomes are expanded to 35 to 59 repeat units. The SCA2 cDNA is predicted to code for 1,313 amino acids-with the CAG repeats coding for a polyglutamine tract. DIRECT is a robust strategy for identification of pathologically expanded trinucleotide repeats and will dramatically accelerate the search for causative genes of neuropsychiatric diseases caused by trinucleotide repeat expansions.
757 citations
Authors
Showing all 54156 results
Name | H-index | Papers | Citations |
---|---|---|---|
Shizuo Akira | 261 | 1308 | 320561 |
Yi Cui | 220 | 1015 | 199725 |
John F. Hartwig | 145 | 714 | 66472 |
Yoshihiro Kawaoka | 139 | 883 | 75087 |
David Y. Graham | 138 | 1047 | 80886 |
Takashi Kadowaki | 137 | 873 | 89729 |
Kazunari Domen | 130 | 908 | 77964 |
Susumu Kitagawa | 125 | 809 | 69594 |
Toshikazu Nakamura | 121 | 732 | 51374 |
Toshio Hirano | 120 | 401 | 55721 |
Li-Jun Wan | 113 | 639 | 52128 |
Wenbin Lin | 113 | 474 | 56786 |
Xiaoming Li | 113 | 1932 | 72445 |
Jinhua Ye | 112 | 658 | 49496 |
Terence Tao | 111 | 606 | 94316 |