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Institution

Hokkaido University

EducationSapporo, Hokkaidô, Japan
About: Hokkaido University is a education organization based out in Sapporo, Hokkaidô, Japan. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Population & Catalysis. The organization has 53925 authors who have published 115403 publications receiving 2651647 citations. The organization is also known as: Hokudai & Hokkaidō daigaku.
Topics: Population, Catalysis, Gene, Transplantation, Virus


Papers
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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: This review focuses on recent emerging topics on TRIM proteins in the regulation of autophagy, innate immunity, and carcinogenesis.

514 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: This task group is charged with addressing the issue of radiation dose delivered via image guidance techniques during radiotherapy by compiling an overview of image-guidance techniques and their associated radiation dose levels to enable the design of image guidance regimens that are as effective and efficient as possible.
Abstract: Radiographic image guidance has emerged as the new paradigm for patient positioning, target localization, and external beam alignment in radiotherapy. Although widely varied in modality and method, all radiographic guidance techniques have one thing in common—they can give a significant radiation dose to the patient. As with all medical uses of ionizing radiation, the general view is that this exposure should be carefully managed. The philosophy for dose management adopted by the diagnostic imaging community is summarized by the acronym ALARA, i.e., as low as reasonably achievable. But unlike the general situation with diagnostic imaging and image-guided surgery, image-guided radiotherapy (IGRT) adds the imaging dose to an already high level of therapeutic radiation. There is furthermore an interplay between increased imaging and improved therapeutic dose conformity that suggests the possibility of optimizing rather than simply minimizing the imaging dose. For this reason, the management of imaging dose during radiotherapy is a different problem than its management during routine diagnostic or image-guided surgical procedures. The imaging dose received as part of a radiotherapy treatment has long been regarded as negligible and thus has been quantified in a fairly loose manner. On the other hand, radiation oncologists examine the therapy dose distribution in minute detail. The introduction of more intensive imaging procedures for IGRT now obligates the clinician to evaluate therapeutic and imaging doses in a more balanced manner. This task group is charged with addressing the issue of radiation dose delivered via image guidance techniques during radiotherapy. The group has developed this charge into three objectives: (1) Compile an overview of image-guidance techniques and their associated radiation dose levels, to provide the clinician using a particular set of image guidance techniques with enough data to estimate the total diagnostic dose for a specific treatment scenario, (2) identify ways to reduce the total imaging dose without sacrificing essential imaging information, and (3) recommend optimization strategies to trade off imaging dose with improvements in therapeutic dose delivery. The end goal is to enable the design of image guidance regimens that are as effective and efficient as possible.

513 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, spontaneous parity and topological edge states are observed in a photonic non-Hermitian system with a quantum walk interferometer, where topological parity is achieved by time symmetry breaking.
Abstract: Spontaneous parity–time-symmetry breaking and topological edge states are observed in a photonic non-Hermitian system — a quantum walk interferometer.

511 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
01 Nov 1989-Spine
TL;DR: In axial rotation of the whole lumbar spine, least motion took place at L5-S1 and biggest motion took Place at L2-3, while similar magnitudes of motion were seen at L3-4, L4-5, and L5 -S1.
Abstract: Knowledge of the normal movements of whole lumbar spine and lumbosacral joint is important for evaluating clinical pathologic conditions that may potentially produce unstable situations in these regions. At present there are few studies that report systemic three-dimensional movement analysis of these regions. The purpose of this in vitro study was to quantitatively determine three-dimensional movements of the whole lumbar spine and lumbosacral joint. Ten fresh human cadaveric spine specimens including from L1 to sacrum (six specimens) and ilium (four specimens) were studied. Pure moments of a maximum of 10 N-m were applied incrementally. Parameters of neutral zone, elastic zone, and range of motion for rotations as well as for translations were measured. Neutral zones for flexion-extension, right/left axial torque, and right-left lateral bending were, respectively: 1.6 degrees, 0.9 degrees, and 1.4 degrees (L1-2); 1.0 degrees, 0.8 degrees, and 2.0 degrees (L2-3); 1.4 degrees, 0.7 degrees, and 1.4 degrees (L3-4); 1.8 degrees, 0.4 degrees, and 1.6 degrees (L4-5); 3.0 degrees, 0.4 degrees, and 1.8 degrees (L5-S1). Ranges of motion for flexion, extension, axial torque (one side), and lateral bending (one side) were, respectively: 5.8 degrees, 4.3 degrees, 2.3 degrees, and 4.9 degrees (L1-2); 6.5 degrees, 4.3 degrees, 2.6 degrees, and 7.0 degrees (L2-3); 7.5 degrees, 3.7 degrees, 2.6 degrees, and 5.7 degrees (L3-4); 8.9 degrees, 5.8 degrees, 2.2 degrees, and 5.7 degrees (L4-5); 10.0 degrees, 7.8 degrees, 1.4 degrees, and 5.5 degrees (L5-S1). Neutral zone values were small except for flexion at L5-S1.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

511 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Although TEE and PAEE were systematically underestimated during the 24 h period, the accelerometer assessed energy expenditure well during both the exercise period and the non-structured activities.
Abstract: Assessing the total energy expenditure (TEE) and the levels of physical activity in free-living conditions with non-invasive techniques remains a challenge. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the accuracy of a new uniaxial accelerometer for assessing TEE and physical-activity-related energy expenditure (PAEE) over a 24 h period in a respiratory chamber, and to establish activity levels based on the accelerometry ranges corresponding to the operationally defined metabolic equivalent (MET) categories. In study 1, measurement of the 24 h energy expenditure of seventy-nine Japanese subjects (40 (SD 12) years old) was performed in a large respiratory chamber. During the measurements, the subjects wore a uniaxial accelerometer (Lifecorder; Suzuken Co. Ltd, Nagoya, Japan) on their belt. Two moderate walking exercises of 30 min each were performed on a horizontal treadmill. In study 2, ten male subjects walked at six different speeds and ran at three different speeds on a treadmill for 4 min, with the same accelerometer. O2 consumption was measured during the last minute of each stage and was expressed in MET. The measured TEE was 8447 (SD 1337) kJ/d. The accelerometer significantly underestimated TEE and PAEE (91·9 (SD 5·4) and 92·7 (SD 17·8) % chamber value respectively); however, there was a significant correlation between the two values (r 0·928 and 0·564 respectively; P, 0·001). There was a strong correlation between the activity levels and the measured MET while walking (r 2 0·93; P, 0·001). Although TEE and PAEE were systematically underestimated during the 24 h period, the accelerometer assessed energy expenditure well during both the exercise period and the non-structured activities. Individual calibration factors may help to improve the accuracy of TEE estimation, but the average calibration factor for the group is probably sufficient for epidemiological research. This method is also important for assessing the diurnal profile of physical activity.

511 citations


Authors

Showing all 54156 results

NameH-indexPapersCitations
Shizuo Akira2611308320561
Yi Cui2201015199725
John F. Hartwig14571466472
Yoshihiro Kawaoka13988375087
David Y. Graham138104780886
Takashi Kadowaki13787389729
Kazunari Domen13090877964
Susumu Kitagawa12580969594
Toshikazu Nakamura12173251374
Toshio Hirano12040155721
Li-Jun Wan11363952128
Wenbin Lin11347456786
Xiaoming Li113193272445
Jinhua Ye11265849496
Terence Tao11160694316
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Performance
Metrics
No. of papers from the Institution in previous years
YearPapers
2023127
2022427
20214,743
20204,805
20194,363
20184,112