Institution
Hokkaido University
Education•Sapporo, Hokkaidô, Japan•
About: Hokkaido University is a education organization based out in Sapporo, Hokkaidô, Japan. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Population & Catalysis. The organization has 53925 authors who have published 115403 publications receiving 2651647 citations. The organization is also known as: Hokudai & Hokkaidō daigaku.
Topics: Population, Catalysis, Gene, Transplantation, Virus
Papers published on a yearly basis
Papers
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TL;DR: The presence of high levels of both CD8+ T cells and CD4- T cells is a significant indicator of a better prognosis for patients with NSCLC, and cooperation between these cell populations may allow a significantly more potent antitumour response than either population alone.
Abstract: The purpose of this study was to clarify the relationship between the number of tumour-infiltrating T lymphocytes and the clinicopathological features and clinical outcome in patients with non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Tissue specimens from 109 patients who underwent surgical resection for NSCLC were immunohistochemically analysed for CD4 and CD8 expression. Patients were classified into two groups according to whether their tumours exhibited a 'high' or 'low' level of CD8(+) or CD4(+) lymphocyte infiltration. Although the level of infiltration by CD8(+) T cells alone had no prognostic significance, the survival rate for patients with both 'high' CD8(+) and 'high' CD4(+) T-cell infiltration was significantly higher than that for the other groups (log-rank test, P=0.006). Multivariate analysis indicated that concomitant high CD8(+) and high CD4(+) T-cell infiltration was an independent favourable prognostic factor (P=0.0092). In conclusion, the presence of high levels of both CD8(+) T cells and CD4(+) T cells is a significant indicator of a better prognosis for patients with NSCLC, and cooperation between these cell populations may allow a significantly more potent antitumour response than either population alone.
418 citations
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TL;DR: The objective here is to provide instructive information on how to take the advantages of the unique functions of nanometals in different types of catalytic processes to improve the efficiency of solar-energy utilization for more practical artificial photosynthesis.
Abstract: Nanometal materials play very important roles in solar-to-chemical energy conversion due to their unique catalytic and optical characteristics They have found wide applications from semiconductor photocatalysis to rapidly growing surface plasmon-mediated heterogeneous catalysis The recent research achievements of nanometals are reviewed here, with regard to applications in semiconductor photocatalysis, plasmonic photocatalysis, and plasmonic photo-thermocatalysis As the first important topic discussed here, the latest progress in the design of nanometal cocatalysts and their applications in semiconductor photocatalysis are introduced Then, plasmonic photocatalysis and plasmonic photo-thermocatalysis are discussed A better understanding of electron-driven and temperature-driven catalytic behaviors over plasmonic nanometals is helpful to bridge the present gap between the communities of photocatalysis and conventional catalysis controlled by temperature The objective here is to provide instructive information on how to take the advantages of the unique functions of nanometals in different types of catalytic processes to improve the efficiency of solar-energy utilization for more practical artificial photosynthesis
418 citations
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TL;DR: Following a correct application procedure, the etch-and-rinse, self-etch and self-adhesive luting agents are equally effective in bonding to enamel and dentin.
417 citations
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TL;DR: In this paper, the authors investigated the carbonate system of the East China Sea along a single observation line traversing its central part on 5 cruises in various seasons and found that the fugacity of CO 2 dissolved in the surface water decreased with decreasing salinity and temperature as well as nutrient content.
Abstract: Based on the results obtained in the East China Sea, we propose a new term, Continental Shelf Pump , as a mechanism for the absorption of atmospheric CO 2 . We investigated the carbonate system of the East China Sea along a single observation line traversing its central part on 5 cruises in various seasons. The directly observed fugacity of CO 2 dissolved in the surface water decreased with decreasing salinity and temperature as well as nutrient content. The relation has been expressed as a simple equation of these 3 parameters. Putting the observed data on the parameters in the various parts of the East China Sea in various months into this equation, we have obtained 55 ± 5 ppm as an annual mean fugacity deficit of CO 2 in the surface water of the East China Sea, which nearly equals the directly measured mean fugacity along the observation line. The net absorption flux estimated from the fugacity deficit has agreed with the amount of carbonate transported out of the East China Sea calculated for the distributions of total dissolved carbonate and alkalinity. The distributions of density and total dissolved carbonate reveal the cause of this large deficiency, described as follows. The shallower shelf zone is more cooled than the open sea when heat is lost from the surface. This cooling produces denser water, which together with photosynthetic activity, accelerates the absorption of CO 2 in the shelf zone. The absorbed CO 2 is transformed to organic carbon and regenerated especially at the shallow bottom. Isopycnal mixing (advection and diffusion) transports the denser coastal water, especially the bottom water enriched in dissolved and particulate carbon, into the subsurface layer of the open oceans. The transport continues in the layer below the pycnocline even in the warm season and maintains the low fugacity of CO 2 in the surface water of the shelf zone. This is the continental shelf pump. The pump would account for a net oceanic uptake of CO 2 of 1 GtC/ yr, if the world continental shelf zone would absorb the atmospheric CO 2 at the rate observed in the East China Sea. DOI: 10.1034/j.1600-0889.1999.t01-2-00010.x
416 citations
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TL;DR: The data collectively suggest that the identified SDR protein NYC1 plays essential roles in the regulation of LHCII and thylakoid membrane degradation during senescence.
Abstract: Chlorophyll degradation is an aspect of leaf senescence, which is an active process to salvage nutrients from old tissues. non-yellow coloring1 (nyc1) is a rice (Oryza sativa) stay-green mutant in which chlorophyll degradation during senescence is impaired. Pigment analysis revealed that degradation of not only chlorophylls but also light-harvesting complex II (LHCII)–bound carotenoids was repressed in nyc1, in which most LHCII isoforms were selectively retained during senescence. Ultrastructural analysis of nyc1 chloroplasts revealed that large and thick grana were present even in the late stage of senescence, suggesting that degradation of LHCII is required for the proper degeneration of thylakoid membranes. Map-based cloning of NYC1 revealed that it encodes a chloroplast-localized short-chain dehydrogenase/reductase (SDR) with three transmembrane domains. The predicted structure of the NYC1 protein and the phenotype of the nyc1 mutant suggest the possibility that NYC1 is a chlorophyll b reductase. Although we were unable to detect the chlorophyll b reductase activity of NYC1, NOL (for NYC1-like), a protein closely related to NYC1 in rice, showed chlorophyll b reductase activity in vitro. We suggest that NYC1 and NOL encode chlorophyll b reductases with divergent functions. Our data collectively suggest that the identified SDR protein NYC1 plays essential roles in the regulation of LHCII and thylakoid membrane degradation during senescence.
416 citations
Authors
Showing all 54156 results
Name | H-index | Papers | Citations |
---|---|---|---|
Shizuo Akira | 261 | 1308 | 320561 |
Yi Cui | 220 | 1015 | 199725 |
John F. Hartwig | 145 | 714 | 66472 |
Yoshihiro Kawaoka | 139 | 883 | 75087 |
David Y. Graham | 138 | 1047 | 80886 |
Takashi Kadowaki | 137 | 873 | 89729 |
Kazunari Domen | 130 | 908 | 77964 |
Susumu Kitagawa | 125 | 809 | 69594 |
Toshikazu Nakamura | 121 | 732 | 51374 |
Toshio Hirano | 120 | 401 | 55721 |
Li-Jun Wan | 113 | 639 | 52128 |
Wenbin Lin | 113 | 474 | 56786 |
Xiaoming Li | 113 | 1932 | 72445 |
Jinhua Ye | 112 | 658 | 49496 |
Terence Tao | 111 | 606 | 94316 |