Showing papers by "Hong Kong University of Science and Technology published in 2002"
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors developed a psychometrically sound and practically short EI measure that can be used in leadership and management studies, and provided exploratory evidence for the effects of the EI of both leaders and followers on job outcomes.
Abstract: Recently, increasing numbers of scholars have argued that emotional intelligence (EI) is a core variable that affects the performance of leaders. In this study, we develop a psychometrically sound and practically short EI measure that can be used in leadership and management studies. We also provide exploratory evidence for the effects of the EI of both leaders and followers on job outcomes. Applying Gross' emotion regulation model, we argue that the EI of leaders and followers should have positive effects on job performance and attitudes. We also propose that the emotional labor of the job moderates the EI–job outcome relationship. Our results show that the EI of followers affects job performance and job satisfaction, while the EI of leaders affects their satisfaction and extra-role behavior. For followers, the proposed interaction effects between EI and emotional labor on job performance, organizational commitment, and turnover intention are also supported.
2,787 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, an equilibrium relation is developed to govern the behavior of the couples, which constrained the couple stress tensor to be symmetric, and the symmetric curvature tensor became the only properly conjugated high order strain measures in the theory to have a real contribution to the total strain energy of the system.
2,725 citations
TL;DR: Abscisic acid regulates many agronomically important aspects of plant development, including the synthesis of seed storage proteins and lipids, the promotion of seed desiccation tolerance and dormancy, and the inhibition of the phase transitions from embryonic to germinative growth and from.
Abstract: Abscisic acid (ABA) regulates many agronomically important aspects of plant development, including the synthesis of seed storage proteins and lipids, the promotion of seed desiccation tolerance and dormancy, and the inhibition of the phase transitions from embryonic to germinative growth and from
2,039 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, a quantum dissipation theory is constructed with the system-bath interaction being treated rigorously at the second-order cumulant level for both reduced dynamics and initial canonical boundary condition.
Abstract: A quantum dissipation theory is constructed with the system–bath interaction being treated rigorously at the second-order cumulant level for both reduced dynamics and initial canonical boundary condition. The theory is valid for arbitrary bath correlation functions and time-dependent external driving fields, and satisfies correlated detailed-balance relation at any temperatures. The general formulation assumes a particularly simple form in driven Brownian oscillator systems in which the correlated driving-dissipation effects can be accounted for exactly in terms of local-field correction. Remarks on a class of widely used phenomenological quantum master equations that neglects the bath dispersion-induced dissipation are also made in contact with the present theory.
1,731 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors examined the relations between earnings informativeness, measured by the earnings-return relation, and the ownership structure of 977 companies in seven East Asian economies and found that concentrated ownership is associated with low earnings informattiveness as ownership concentration prevents leakage.
1,486 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the Sips equation was used to determine the best fit isotherm for each system, and six error analysis methods were used to evaluate the data: the coefficient of determination, the sum of the errors squared, a hybrid error function, Marquardt's percent standard deviation, the average relative error, and sum of absolute errors.
Abstract: The sorption of three divalent metal ions — copper, nickel and lead — from aqueous solution onto peat in single component systems has been studied and the equilibrium isotherms determined. The experimental data have been analysed using the Langmuir, Freundlich, Redlich-Peterson, Toth, Temkin, Dubinin-Radushkevich and Sips isotherm models. In order to determine the best fit isotherm for each system, six error analysis methods were used to evaluate the data: the coefficient of determination, the sum of the errors squared, a hybrid error function, Marquardt's percent standard deviation, the average relative error and the sum of absolute errors. The error values demonstrated that the Sips equation provided the best model for the three sets of experimental data overall.
1,187 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, a fractal model for bi-dispersed porous media is developed based on the fractal characteristics of pores in the media, which is found to be a function of the tortuosity fractal dimension, pore area fractal dimensions, sizes of particles and clusters, micro-porosity inside clusters, and the effective porosity of a medium.
785 citations
TL;DR: A review of the current views on methods to minimise dioxins, namely polychlorinated dibenzodioxins (PCDDs) and Dibenzofurans (PCDFs), formation in MSW incineration systems is presented in this article.
740 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors study whether bestowing chief executive officer (CEO) and board chairman duties on one individual affects a boards decision to dismiss an ineffective CEO and find that the sensitivity of CEO turnover to firm performance is significantly lower when the CEO and chairman duties are vested in the same individual.
702 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the authors review the literature on corporate governance issues in Asia to develop region-specific and general lessons, and show that conventional and alternative corporate governance mechanisms can have limited effectiveness in systems with weak institutions and poor property rights.
Abstract: Corporate governance has received much attention in recent years, partly due to the Asian financial crisis. We review the literature on corporate governance issues in Asia to develop region-specific and general lessons. Much attention has been given to poor corporate sector performance, but most studies do not suggest that Asian firms were badly run. The literature does confirm the limited protection of minority rights in Asia, allowing controlling shareholders to expropriate minority shareholders. Agency problems have been exacerbated by low corporate transparency, associated with rent-seeking and relationship-based transactions, extensive group structures and diversification, and risky financial structures. The controlling shareholder bears some of agency costs in the form of share price discounts and expenditures on monitoring, bonding and reputation building. The Asian financial crisis further showed that conventional and alternative corporate governance mechanisms can have limited effectiveness in systems with weak institutions and poor property rights. Overall, the understanding of the determinants of firm organizational structures, corporate governance practices and outcomes remains limited, however.
678 citations
TL;DR: A lattice Boltzmann model is proposed for isothermal incompressible flow in porous media and the key point is to include the porosity into the equilibrium distribution, and add a force term to the evolution equation to account for the linear and nonlinear drag forces of the medium.
Abstract: In this paper a lattice Boltzmann model is proposed for isothermal incompressible flow in porous media. The key point is to include the porosity into the equilibrium distribution, and add a force term to the evolution equation to account for the linear and nonlinear drag forces of the medium (the Darcy's term and the Forcheimer's term). Through the Chapman-Enskog procedure, the generalized Navier-Stokes equations for incompressible flow in porous media are derived from the present lattice Boltzmann model. The generalized two-dimensional Poiseuille flow, Couette flow, and lid-driven cavity flow are simulated using the present model. It is found the numerical results agree well with the analytical and/or the finite-difference solutions.
TL;DR: In this paper, a year-long field study to characterize the ionic species in PM2.5 was carried out in Shanghai and Beijing, China, in 1999-2000.
TL;DR: The capacity reliability analysis is extended by providing a comprehensive methodology, which combines reliability and uncertainty analysis, network equilibrium models, sensitivity analysis of equilibrium network flow and expected performance measure, as well as Monte Carlo methods, to assess the performance of a degradable road network.
Abstract: Existing reliability studies of road networks are mainly limited to connectivity and travel time reliability and may not be sufficient for a comprehensive network performance measure. Recently Chen et al. (J. Adv. Transp. 33 (2) (1999) 183–200) introduced capacity reliability as a new network performance index. It is defined as the probability that the network can accommodate a certain traffic demand at a required service level, while accounting for drivers' route choice behavior. The proposed capacity reliability index includes connectivity reliability as a special case and also provides travel time reliability as a side product. This paper extends the capacity reliability analysis by providing a comprehensive methodology, which combines reliability and uncertainty analysis, network equilibrium models, sensitivity analysis of equilibrium network flow and expected performance measure, as well as Monte Carlo methods, to assess the performance of a degradable road network. Numerical results are also provided to demonstrate the feasibility of the proposed framework.
TL;DR: In this paper, food chain transfer in different marine food chains (plank- tonic and benthic) is reviewed, and any potential biomagnification of metals is predicted using the simple kinetic equation.
Abstract: There is increasing recognition of the quantitative importance of metal accumulation from dietary pathways in different marine food webs. With a simple kinetic model requiring mea- surements of metal assimilation efficiency (AE), metal efflux rate and ingestion activity of the rele- vant animals, it is possible to predict the transfer (and potential biomagnification) of metals along diverse marine food chains. In this paper, food chain transfer in different marine food chains (plank- tonic and benthic) is reviewed, and any potential biomagnification of metals is predicted using the simple kinetic equation. It is well recognized that metal concentrations in animals are probably not related to the trophic level in the food chain, but some metals (Hg and Zn) may potentially be influ- enced by the numbers of trophic interactions involved. Depending on these different trophic inter- actions, the potential biomagnification of metals is influenced by metal assimilation or metal efflux rate or both. Metals may potentially be biomagnified in benthic food chains; principally, in those with gastropods as top predators, as they can efficiently sequester dietary metals. The biodiminution of metals (concentration decreases at a higher trophic level) in the classical marine planktonic food chain (phytoplankton to copepods to fish) is largely the result of the effective efflux of metals by the copepods and the very low assimilation of metals by marine fish. Although many past studies have considered the physico-chemical properties of metals in prey in controlling food chain transfer, it is suggested that the physiological and biochemical processes in the herbivore or predator should be emphasized in future studies. Also, the complicated metal-handling strategies found in different marine organisms clearly need to be appreciated.
TL;DR: Consistent with its role as a key cell cycle regulator, expression of cyclin A is found to be elevated in a variety of tumors.
Abstract: Cyclin A is particularly interesting among the cyclin family because it can activate two different cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs) and functions in both S phase and mitosis. An embryonic form of cyclin A that is only essential for spermatogenesis is also present in some organisms. In S phase, phosphorylation of components of the DNA replication machinery such as CDC6 by cyclin A-CDK is believed to be important for initiation of DNA replication and to restrict the initiation to only once per cell cycle. In mitosis, the precise role of cyclin A is still obscure, but it may contribute to the control of cyclin B stability. Cyclin A starts to accumulate during S phase and is abruptly destroyed before metaphase. The synthesis of cyclin A is mainly controlled at the transcription level, involving E2F and other transcription factors. Removal of cyclin A is carried out by ubiquitin-mediated proteolysis, but whether the same anaphase-promoting complex/cyclosome targeting subunits are used as for cyclin B is debatable. Consistent with its role as a key cell cycle regulator, expression of cyclin A is found to be elevated in a variety of tumors.
20 Aug 2002
TL;DR: This paper proposes techniques that solve the problem by performing a single query for the whole input segment, and proposes analytical models for the expected size of the output, as well as the cost of query processing, and extend out techniques to several variations of the problem.
Abstract: A continuous nearest neighbor query retrieves the nearest neighbor (NN) of every point on a line segment (e.g., "find all my nearest gas stations during my route from points to point e. The result contains a set of (point, interval) tuples, such that point is the NN of all points in the corresponding interval. Existing methods for continuous nearest neighbor search are based on the repetitive application of simple NN algorithms, which incurs significant overhead. In this paper we propose techniques that solve the problem by performing a single query for the whole input segment. As a result the cost, depending on the query and dataset characteristics, may drop by orders of magnitude. In addition, we propose analytical models for the expected size of the output, as well as, the cost of query processing, and extend out techniques to several variations of the problem.
TL;DR: This paper reviewed post-1980 research on class stratification, socioeconomic inequalities, and social mobility in the People's Republic of China and found that occupational mobility, a rare opportunity under Mao, is becoming a living experience for many Chinese in light of emerging labor markets.
Abstract: ▪ Abstract This essay reviews post-1980 research on class stratification, socio-economic inequalities, and social mobility in the People's Republic of China. Chinese class stratification has transformed from a rigid status hierarchy under Mao to an open, evolving class system in the post-Mao period. Socioeconomic inequalities have also been altered. State redistributive inequalities are giving way to patterns increasingly generated by how individuals and groups succeed in a growing market-oriented economy; rigorous empirical studies have been conducted on occupational prestige, income distribution, housing and consumption, and gender inequality. Finally, occupational mobility, a rare opportunity under Mao, is becoming a living experience for many Chinese in light of emerging labor markets. Scholarly works on status attainment, career mobility, and employment processes show both stability and change in the once politicized social mobility regime. There is relatively richer research output on urban than on ...
TL;DR: The convergence of the proposed ADM method is proved under quite mild assumptions and flexible parameter conditions and the parameters to vary from iteration to iteration is proved.
Abstract: The alternating directions method (ADM) is an effective method for solving a class of variational inequalities (VI) when the proximal and penalty parameters in sub-VI problems are properly selected. In this paper, we propose a new ADM method which needs to solve two strongly monotone sub-VI problems in each iteration approximately and allows the parameters to vary from iteration to iteration. The convergence of the proposed ADM method is proved under quite mild assumptions and flexible parameter conditions.
TL;DR: In this paper, a transformed likelihood approach is suggested to estimate fixed effects dynamic panel data models and conditions on the data generating process of the exogenous variables are given to get around the issue of "incidental parameters".
TL;DR: The authors examined the effect of dimensions of national and organizational culture differences on international joint venture (IJV) performance and found that the presumed negative effect from culture distance on IJV performance originates more from differences in organizational culture rather than differences in national culture.
Abstract: This study examines the effect of dimensions of national and organizational culture differences on international joint venture (IJV) performance. Based on data from a survey of executives from joint ventures between Indian partners and partners from other countries, we found that the presumed negative effect from culture distance on IJV performance originates more from differences in organizational culture than from differences in national culture.
07 Aug 2002
TL;DR: A pipelined VLSI architecture for the implementation of the K-best algorithm, which is computational inexpensive and has fixed throughput and has similar performance as the optimal lattice decoding algorithm if high value of K is used.
Abstract: Lattice decoding algorithms have been proposed for implementing the maximum likelihood detector (MLD), which is the optimal receiver for multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) channels. However the computational complexity of direct implementation of the lattice decoding algorithm is high and the throughput is variable. In this work, a K-best algorithm is proposed to implement the lattice decoding. It is computational inexpensive and has fixed throughput. It can be easily implemented in a pipelined fashion and has similar performance as the optimal lattice decoding algorithm if high value of K is used. In this paper, we describe a pipelined VLSI architecture for the implementation of the K-best algorithm. The architecture was designed and synthesized using a 0.35 /spl mu/m library. For a 4-transmit and 4-receive antennas system using 16-QAM, a decoding throughput of 10 Mbit/s can be achieved.
TL;DR: The error function method provided the best parameters for the isotherm equations in this system and is demonstrated for error comparison purposes.
TL;DR: In this paper, a sub-1V bandgap voltage reference with no low threshold voltage device is introduced, where the minimum supply voltage of the proposed voltage reference is 0.98 V at 0/spl deg/C and the maximum supply current is 18 /spl mu/A.
Abstract: A sub-1-V CMOS bandgap voltage reference requiring no low threshold voltage device is introduced in this paper. In a CMOS technology with V/sub thn/ /spl ap/ |V/sub thp/| /spl ap/ 0.9 V at 0/spl deg/C, the minimum supply voltage of the proposed voltage reference is 0.98 V, and the maximum supply current is 18 /spl mu/A. A temperature coefficient of 15 ppm//spl deg/C from 0/spl deg/C to 100/spl deg/C is recorded after trimming. The active area of the circuit is about 0.24 mm/sup 2/.
TL;DR: In this article, the authors investigated the relationship between loyalty to supervisor and employee's in-role and extra-role performance in comparison with that of organizational commitment in the People's Republic of China.
Abstract: In this research, we investigated the relationship between loyalty to supervisor and employee's in-role and extra-role performance in comparison with that of organizational commitment in the People's Republic of China. Two studies were conducted. In the first study, a five-dimension loyalty to supervisor scale was developed and validated. In the second study, the relationships between loyalty to supervisor, organizational commitment and employee performance were examined. Results indicated that loyalty to supervisor was more strongly associated with both in-role and extra-role performance than organizational commitment. The findings are discussed in terms of their implications for future research and management practices in cross-cultural settings.
TL;DR: A comparison of the kinetics of the sorption of copper (II) on peat from aqueous solution at various initial copper(II) concentrations and peat doses was made in this article.
Abstract: A comparison of the kinetics of the sorption of copper(II) on to peat from aqueous solution at various initial copper(II) concentrations and peat doses was made. The Elovich model and the pseudo-second order model both provided a high degree of correlation with the experimental data for most of the sorption process. There was a small discrepancy at the initial stages of sorption which suggested that film diffusion or wetting of the peat may be involved in the early part of the sorption process. Models evaluated included the fractional power equation, the Elovich equation, the pseudo-first order equation and the pseudo-second order equation. The kinetics of sorption were followed based on the sorption capacity of copper(II) on peat at various time intervals. Results show that chemical sorption processes may be rate-limiting in the sorption of copper(II) on to peat during agitated batch contact time experiments. The rate constant, the equilibrium sorption capacity and the initial sorption rate were calculat...
TL;DR: In this article, the structural properties of a family of GARCH processes are investigated, and necessary and sufficient conditions for the existence of the moments are derived, where α∈(0, 1] and δ>0.
TL;DR: Results provide the first direct evidence for a physiological role of polyamines and demonstrate an approach to improving nutritional quality, juice quality, and vine life of tomato fruit.
Abstract: Polyamines, ubiquitous organic aliphatic cations, have been implicated in a myriad of physiological and developmental processes in many organisms, but their in vivo functions remain to be determined. We expressed a yeast S-adenosylmethionine decarboxylase gene (ySAMdc; Spe2) fused with a ripening-inducible E8 promoter to specifically increase levels of the polyamines spermidine and spermine in tomato fruit during ripening. Independent transgenic plants and their segregating lines were evaluated after cultivation in the greenhouse and in the field for five successive generations. The enhanced expression of the ySAMdc gene resulted in increased conversion of putrescine into higher polyamines and thus to ripening-specific accumulation of spermidine and spermine. This led to an increase in lycopene, prolonged vine life, and enhanced fruit juice quality. Lycopene levels in cultivated tomatoes are generally low, and increasing them in the fruit enhances its nutrient value. Furthermore, the rates of ethylene production in the transgenic tomato fruit were consistently higher than those in the nontransgenic control fruit. These data show that polyamine and ethylene biosynthesis pathways can act simultaneously in ripening tomato fruit. Taken together, these results provide the first direct evidence for a physiological role of polyamines and demonstrate an approach to improving nutritional quality, juice quality, and vine life of tomato fruit.
TL;DR: Antibiotic hydrogels based on a vancomycin (Van) derivative, formed by self-assembling Van-pyrene in water, using the pi-pi interaction of pyrene moieties and hydrogen bonding of Vans, promise a new way to make novel biomaterials.
Abstract: Antibiotic hydrogels based on a vancomycin (Van) derivative, formed by self-assembling Van-pyrene (1) in water, using the pi-pi interaction of pyrene moieties and hydrogen bonding of Vans, promise a new way to make novel biomaterials.
TL;DR: Inspired by the fractal pattern of mammalian circulatory and respiratory systems, a new design of fractal branching channel net for cooling of electronic chips is studied in this article, which has a stronger heat transfer capability and requires a lower pumping power.
TL;DR: This paper analyzed the financial statements of 58,653 firm-years from 34 countries for the period 1985-1998 to construct a panel data set measuring three dimensions of earnings opacity for each country - earnings aggressiveness, loss avoidance, and earnings smoothing.
Abstract: We analyze the financial statements of 58,653 firm-years from 34 countries for the period 1985-1998 to construct a panel data set measuring three dimensions of earnings opacity for each country - earnings aggressiveness, loss avoidance, and earnings smoothing. We combine these three dimensions to obtain an overall earnings opacity time-series measure per country. We then explore whether earnings opacity affects two dimensions of an equity market in a country - the return the shareholders demand and how much they trade. While not all results are consistent for our three individual earnings opacity dimensions, our panel data tests document that, after controlling for other influences, an increase in overall earnings opacity in a country is linked to an increase in the cost of equity and a decrease in trading in the stock market of that country.