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Showing papers by "Hospital for Sick Children published in 1981"


Journal Article
TL;DR: EBV in the tissues of all 14 patients and immunodeficient antibody responses to EBV were documented and this virus can produce various life-threatening lymphoproliferative diseases in a variety of immunodficient patients.
Abstract: Multiple methods, pedigree analysis, clinical evaluation, and Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-specific serology, EBV DNA hybridization of tissues to probe for viral genome, staining of touch imprints for EBV nuclear-associated antigen, establishment of spontaneous infected B-cell lines from peripheral blood or tissues, examination of peripheral blood smears, and hematopathology studies, were used to study seven patients with the X-linked lymphoproliferative syndrome and seven additional patients with life-threatening EBV-associated diseases. These studies demonstrated EBV in the tissues of all 14 patients and immunodeficient antibody responses to EBV were documented. This virus can produce various life-threatening lymphoproliferative diseases in a variety of immunodeficient patients.

127 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: It was shown that hyperactive children became less symptomatic over time and the data did not provide evidence indicating that any of the treatments studied was more effective than any other or than no treatment at all.
Abstract: This study of kindergarten-aged hyperactive children evaluated the effects of three modes of treatment in relation to an untreated control group. The treatments were administered over a 3-month period and included cognitive behavior modification, methylphenidate, and the two treatments combined. A follow-up assessment was done approximately 1 year later at the end of the first grade. Analyses of psychological, rating scale observational, and interview data showed that hyperactive children became less symptomatic over time; the data did not provide evidence indicating that any of the treatments studied was more effective than any other or than no treatment at all.

98 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: A case of complete callosal agenesis shows two limitations of cognitive development, a discrete loss of syntactic-pragmatic function within the language domain and an inability to identify free-field or dichotic speech sounds with overlapping temporal-acoustic properties.

61 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, two groups of reading-disabled (RD) children were compared with controls (age-and IQ-matched competent readers), on a serial running memory task, and it was argued that the short-term memory deficits exhibited by the RD children should not be attributed to an inability to rehearse, nor to encode (recognize) items, but rather to the inability to encode serial items in the form of serial phonological patterns.

56 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The greater mastery of written language in the left hemisphere is a result of an enhanced facility for making cross-modal associations between sounds and signs, but of a superior access to the morphophonemic rule system and the higher-order textual constraints of English.

56 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Light microscopic and histochemical studies revealed storage of lipid in the viscera and in the central nervous system (predominantly ganglioside) and data are compatible with autosomal recessive inheritance of a sphingomyelin lipidosis associated with deficiency of isoelectric forms of sphingomelinase.
Abstract: Two sisters with Niemann-Pick Disease Type C suffered from a progressive CNS degenerative disease which ended with death at 8 and 7 years. Light microscopic and histochemical studies revealed storage of lipid (principally sphingomyelin) in the viscera and in the central nervous system (predominantly ganglioside). Complex lipid cytosomes containing stacked membranes, concentric laminated bodies with central dense cores and pleomorphic profiles were seen. Biochemical analysis showed an elevation of sphingomyelin in liver and spleen with normal total sphingomyelinase levels. However, by isoelectric focusing, there was a marked reduction of sphingomyelinase activity in the range of pI 4.6–5.2, whereas normal amounts of more acidic components were found. These data are compatible with autosomal recessive inheritance of a sphingomyelin lipidosis associated with deficiency of isoelectric forms of sphingomyelinase.

34 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The ability to dissolve insulin with a physiological solvent which prevents its reaggregation promises to facilitate its use in portable pumping systems and depends on their bicarbonate content.
Abstract: Insulin is insoluble in water at physiological pH, but dissolves relatively rapidly in plasma. To quantify the ability of various solutions to dissolve crystalline insulin, a simple assay measuring dissolution time was developed. At pH 7.5 and room temperature, distilled water, 0.154 mol/1 NaCl, Ringer's lactate solution, and 5% albumin in 0.154 mol/1 NaCl did not dissolve insulin crystals within 30 min. Normal postprandial human plasma and a proteinfree cell culture medium dissolved insulin crystals within 3 to 8 min. This ability was inhibited by acid titration of the fluids to a stable pH of 6.30, at which point bicarbonate depletion could be implied. Repletion of bicarbonate did restore the ability of these solutions to dissolve insulin crystals, but back-titration to the initial pH with NaOH did not. The effect of sodium bicarbonate alone was strongly concentration dependent above 23 mmol/1. We suggest that the ability of physiological fluids to dissolve insulin crystals at normal pH depends on their bicarbonate content. The ability to dissolve insulin with a physiological solvent which prevents its reaggregation promises to facilitate its use in portable pumping systems.

27 citations


Book ChapterDOI
TL;DR: Purine nucleotides important for normal cellular metabolism are derived endogenously from de novo synthesis and also from recycling of pre-formed purines via the so-called salvage pathway, the absence of which can lead to disturbances of purine metabolism and also severe clinical symptoms.
Abstract: Purine nucleotides important for normal cellular metabolism are derived endogenously from de novo synthesis and also from recycling of pre-formed purines via the so-called salvage pathway (Figure 1). The latter pathway contains a number of enzymes, the absence of which can lead to disturbances of purine metabolism and also severe clinical symptoms1. An example is the deficiency of the salvage enzyme hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyltransferase (HGPRT) which can lead either to the Lesch-Nyhan syndrome or X-linked gout1.

25 citations


Patent
07 Oct 1981
TL;DR: In this paper, a probe set for canaliculus intubation of the lacrimal duct is described, consisting of a probe of a light wire which can be readily deflected through an angle of at least 90 degrees to permit the probe to pass from the nasolacrimal gland to the inferior meatus.
Abstract: The invention provides a probe set for use particularly in the canaliculus intubation of the lacrimal duct, the probe set comprising: a probe of a light wire which can be readily deflected through an angle of at least 90 degrees to permit the probe to pass from the nasolacrimal duct to the inferior meatus, the probe having an enlarged end portion which is rounded to limit the possibility of damage to tissue when the probe is inserted; and a very flexible tube of minimal rigidity having a first end attached to an end of the probe remote from the end portion and having an outside diameter comparable to that of the end portion so that in use the probe can be inserted and used to draw the tube into the lacrimal duct.

23 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Verbal strategic preference may foster the acquisition of reading skill and bias attention toward input from the right by generating differential left-hemisphere activation.

22 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The interaction patterns of mothers and fathers of small premature infants were compared during the first six months of life, using direct observations and parental reports to find few differences during the period of hospitalization but, at home, fathers engaged less in caretaking.
Abstract: The interaction patterns of mothers and fathers of 12 small premature infants were compared during the first six months of life, using direct observations and parental reports. Few differences were found during the period of hospitalization but, at home, fathers engaged less in caretaking.

Patent
26 Oct 1981
TL;DR: In this paper, a tube assembly for peristaltic pumping system is described, which includes resilient inner and outer tubes of which the inner tube has a lumen along which liquid can be pumped by occluding the tube and causing the point of occlusion to progress along a length of the tube defining a pumping zone.
Abstract: A tube assembly for a peristaltic pumping system is described. The assembly includes resilient inner and outer tubes of which the inner tube has a lumen along which liquid can be pumped by occluding the tube and causing the point of occlusion to progress along a length of the tube defining a pumping zone. The outer tube fits closely around the inner tube and extends over said zone. The tubes are free of attachment to one another over at least a substantial part of said zone so that the contacting surfaces of the respective tubes define an interface along which relative movement between the tubes can occur during pumping. The tubes are secured together at at least one point along their lengths. It has been found that abrasion of the innermost surfaces of the inner tube is minimized and that reduced contamination of the liquid being pumped and increased pump tube life can be expected as compared with conventional peristaltic pump tubes.

Book ChapterDOI
01 Jan 1981
TL;DR: In the last few years, the development of radionucleotide, computed tomography, and ultrasound scans of the brain have enabled localization of at least some neonatal cerebral lesions in the living infant, enabling prevention of perinatal damage to the developing brain.
Abstract: Prevention of perinatal damage to the developing brain is a major problem of modern neonatal intensive care. Our approach to this problem in the 1980s is aided by a considerable body of knowledge that has accumulated from diverse investigations over the past 20 years. Follow—up studies have documented the improvements in survival of infants of varying gestational ages and have identified with increasing accuracy those surviving neonates at highest risk of long—term neuro—developmental defects. Correlations between neonatal disease states and outcome have provided information on the relative importance of each neonatal complication in terms of brain damage. Recently, develop—mental neuroanatomy has given much needed information about the vulnerable areas of the neonatal brain at various stages of gestation. Human adult, neonatal, and experimental animal studies have provided additional valuable insights into the pathophysiology of the cerebral lesions seen in neonates. In the last few years, the development of radionucleotide, computed tomography, and ultrasound scans of the brain have enabled localization of at least some neonatal cerebral lesions in the living infant.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Swim periods, up to one hour in duration, in both public and private pools so far have been successful and it is believed that this form of exercise is beneficial, both physically and psychologically, to patients and the CAPD program continues to recommend it.
Abstract: Sir: Frequently, we are asked if children in our CAPD program are permitted to swim. This question arises because of concern for infection at the catheter site and because the "spikecontainer" connection (Travenol) is not watertight. Last summer at a dialysis camp in Ontario, five children on CAPD swam daily in a lake using the following routine. I) The empty dialysis bag was folded so that the "spike-container" connection was on the inside of the fold and the bag was then inserted into a plastic freezer bag. The neck of the bag was sealed around the tubing with regular , freezer-bag, twist ties. This proved to be water tight and the bag was then tucked under the swimsuit during swimming. 2) After swimming each patient cleaned his catheter in a shower using a Betadine sponge, followed by a peroxide rinse. Some of the children then preferred covering the catheter with a dry dressing while others left it exposed. No other changes to their routine were made. Then or subsequently, we have seen no episodes of peritonitis or exit-site infections, associated with swimming and the routine has been well accepted by the children. Swim periods, up to one hour in duration, in both public and private pools so far have been successful. We believe that this form of exercise is beneficial, both physically and psychologically, to our patients and we continue to recommend it.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: A pair of female dizygotic twins, one of whom had Turner syndrome, was given a battery of psychological tasks and revealed that the TS twin showed deficits on tasks requiring spatial analyses, visual form discrimination, and visual memory.
Abstract: A pair of female dizygotic twins, one of whom had Turner syndrome (TS), was given a battery of psychological tasks. Results revealed that the TS twin showed deficits on tasks requiring spatial analyses, visual form discrimination, and visual memory. Differences in the serial recall characteristics on visual memory tasks were also noted. Results are discussed in terms of the reliability of the TS spatial deficit and the relationship between memory and spatial functioning.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: It is concluded that gallium-67 scanning may assist in improvement of detection of DMD carriers.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the mean and variance of the images produced by Fourier multi-parterure emission tomography were derived and the signal-to-noise ratio achieved by the system for a thin discshaped object was computed from these expressions.
Abstract: Expressions for the mean and variance of the images produced by Fourier multiaperture emission tomography are derived. Only quantum noise (counting statistics) is considered. The signal-to-noise ratio achieved by the system for a thin discshaped object is computed from these expressions. An example is used to demonstrate some significant features of this single photon emission tomographic imaging system.

Book ChapterDOI
01 Jan 1981
TL;DR: The significant features of Campylobacter jejuni, including their morphology, growth requirements and resistance to antibiotics are described, and recent work on transmissible plasmids that mediate tetracycline resistance in C.jejuni is discussed.
Abstract: In recent years Campylobacter jejuni has been recognized throughout the world as a common cause of bacterial diarrhea1,2. The organism is microaerophilic, and therefore requires special conditions for selection and growth. Methods developed by Butzler and colleagues3,4 in Belgium and Skirrow5 in the United Kingdom have enabled many microbiological laboratories to isolate this organism from stools and have led to its recognition as a significant enteric pathogen. The relative frequencies of organisms causing gastroenteritis isolated during 1978 and 1979 at the Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto are shown in Table 1. Among pediatric patients reporting with diarrhea, C. jejuni was isolated almost as often as non-typhoidal salmonella. Other enteric pathogens were isolated much less frequently. The most common clinical features of Campylobacter enteritis are diarrhea, often accompanied by blood in the stools, and abdominal pain2. Several excellent review articles have been published recently, dealing with both the disease and the causative organisml,2,6,7,8. The reader is referred to them for more detailed information. In this article, I will describe the significant features of Campylobacters, including their morphology, growth requirements and resistance to antibiotics. I will then discuss recent work on transmissible plasmids that mediate tetracycline resistance in C.jejuni, a preliminary report of which has been published9.

Book ChapterDOI
01 Jan 1981
TL;DR: The meningococcus, Neisseria meningitidis, is a gram-negative, kidney-bean-shaped organism found both intraand extracellularly.
Abstract: Meningococcal disease has been a worldwide problem for many centuries The meningococcus, Neisseria meningitidis, first described by Weichselbaum in 1887, is a gram-negative, kidney-bean-shaped organism found both intraand extracellularly

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: With the compound square waveforms of preprogrammed insulin infusion found appropriate in this study unaccountable low or high plasma glucose levels did not occur but hyperinsulinism accompanied the glycaemic normalisation following a mixed meal.
Abstract: A glycaemic control identical with the normal has been achieved in unrestrained totally depancreatised dogs using a portable open-loop insulin delivery system. The device consisted of a battery power pack with a flow-rate controller, an insulin reservoir and a peristaltic pump from which pulses of insulin were delivered every 90 seconds into the inferior vena cava through an exteriorised indwelling catheter. Insulin was infused at the basal rate of 0.45±0.03 mUkg−1 min−1 (Mean±s.e.m.) in the postabsorptive state resulting in peripheral IRI and plasma glucose levels of 12±1 μU ml−1 and 86±7 mg dl−1. In the postprandial period the infusion rate was enhanced sevenfold to the rate of 3.16±0.21 mU kg−1min−1 for 7h and then reduced to 1.05±0.07 mU kg−1 min−1 for an additional 2.25 h. A weight-maintaining constant diet was provided and the resulting glycaemic profiles were similar to age, sex and weight-matched healthy controls. Fasting peripheral insulin levels in the infused diabetic dogs were not significantly different from non-diabetic controls (10±1μUml−1). However, in the postprandial period of enhanced delivery, insulin levels in the diabetic dogs were 3.1 times higher than the controls. With the compound square waveforms of preprogrammed insulin infusion found appropriate in this study unaccountable low or high plasma glucose levels did not occur but hyperinsulinism accompanied the glycaemic normalisation following a mixed meal.

Patent
16 Apr 1981
TL;DR: In this article, a solution of a polypeptide, such as insulin, is presented, the solution being prepared and maintained at pH 6.8 to 8.0.
Abstract: The present invention is directed to a solution of a polypeptide, such as, for example, insulin, the solution being prepared and maintained at pH 6.8 to 8.0 and in which the polypeptide remains in solution in disaggregated form. This is accomplished by the use of the bicarbonate ion in the solution, the bicarbonate ion being present in a concentration of 2 mmolar to 2.5 molar. A method for preparing the polypeptide solution and the use of the solution in maintaining normoglycemia are provided.

Book ChapterDOI
Guillermo Alfaro1, Toshihiko Arai2, Takao Ando2, Sadao Komatsu2  +274 moreInstitutions (62)
01 Jan 1981
TL;DR: Complementation experiments indicated that the ts transfer system of the mexican plasmids is not related to that of Flac, Rl-19 or Col Ibdrd, and the general organization of the resistance genes resembles that of RlOO.
Abstract: S. typhi strains harboring R plasmids are a common finding in Mexico City hospitals. The predominant R plasmids share the following properties: they belong to the same incompatibility group (H1)’ have a molecular weight of 135 Mdal, carry a temperature sensitive transfer system, and code for the resistance to Cm, Sm, Su, Hg and Tc. The general organization of the resistance genes resembles that of RlOO, since homogenic derivatives which have lost the r-determinants, Tn1O or all the resistance genes can be isolated in vitro by several methods. Furthermore, naturally occurring a-plasmids deleted for the r-determinants or Tn1O have been found, although at low frequency. Complementation experiments indicated that the ts transfer system of the mexican plasmids is not related to that of Flac, Rl-19 or Col Ibdrd.


Book ChapterDOI
01 Jan 1981
TL;DR: Emphasis on coincidence of phenomena rather than on their scatter may explain how a series of maturational steps in young mammals may be made to disappear with resulting loss of information.
Abstract: In developmental studies of mammals, and particularly in man, it has become fashionable to represent the evolution of physical measurements as auniform continuum, shaped as a smooth curve or “best line”. In biological work various statistical methods of analysis have led many investigators to average individual variations and bury them between the lines of standard deviations. Emphasis on coincidence of phenomena rather than on their scatter may explain how a series of maturational steps in young mammals may be made to disappear with resulting loss of information.