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Institution

Howard Hughes Medical Institute

NonprofitChevy Chase, Maryland, United States
About: Howard Hughes Medical Institute is a nonprofit organization based out in Chevy Chase, Maryland, United States. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Gene & RNA. The organization has 20371 authors who have published 34677 publications receiving 5247143 citations. The organization is also known as: HHMI & hhmi.org.


Papers
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Journal ArticleDOI
13 Sep 2012-Nature
TL;DR: Viewing the microbiota from an ecological perspective could provide insight into how to promote health by targeting this microbial community in clinical treatments.
Abstract: Trillions of microbes inhabit the human intestine, forming a complex ecological community that influences normal physiology and susceptibility to disease through its collective metabolic activities and host interactions. Understanding the factors that underlie changes in the composition and function of the gut microbiota will aid in the design of therapies that target it. This goal is formidable. The gut microbiota is immensely diverse, varies between individuals and can fluctuate over time — especially during disease and early development. Viewing the microbiota from an ecological perspective could provide insight into how to promote health by targeting this microbial community in clinical treatments.

3,890 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
21 Mar 1997-Science
TL;DR: Results indicate that regulation of β-catenin is critical to APC's tumor suppressive effect and that this regulation can be circumvented by mutations in either APC or β- catenin.
Abstract: Inactivation of the adenomatous polyposis coli (APC) tumor suppressor gene initiates colorectal neoplasia. One of the biochemical activities associated with the APC protein is down-regulation of transcriptional activation mediated by beta-catenin and T cell transcription factor 4 (Tcf-4). The protein products of mutant APC genes present in colorectal tumors were found to be defective in this activity. Furthermore, colorectal tumors with intact APC genes were found to contain activating mutations of beta-catenin that altered functionally significant phosphorylation sites. These results indicate that regulation of beta-catenin is critical to APC's tumor suppressive effect and that this regulation can be circumvented by mutations in either APC or beta-catenin.

3,859 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
04 Oct 1996-Science
TL;DR: Tetramers of human lymphocyte antigen A2 that were complexed with two different human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-derived peptides or with a peptide derived from influenza A matrix protein bound to peptide-specific cytotoxic T cells in vitro and to T cells from the blood of HIV-infected individuals and correlated well with cytotoxicity assays.
Abstract: Identification and characterization of antigen-specific T lymphocytes during the course of an immune response is tedious and indirect. To address this problem, the peptide-major histocompatability complex (MHC) ligand for a given population of T cells was multimerized to make soluble peptide-MHC tetramers. Tetramers of human lymphocyte antigen A2 that were complexed with two different human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-derived peptides or with a peptide derived from influenza A matrix protein bound to peptide-specific cytotoxic T cells in vitro and to T cells from the blood of HIV-infected individuals. In general, tetramer binding correlated well with cytotoxicity assays. This approach should be useful in the analysis of T cells specific for infectious agents, tumors, and autoantigens.

3,824 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Weight loss due to food restriction was associated with a decrease in plasma leptin in samples from mice and obese humans, suggesting differences in its secretion rate from fat.
Abstract: Leptin, the gene product of the obese gene, may play an important role in regulating body weight by signalling the size of the adipose tissue mass. Plasma leptin was found to be highly correlated with body mass index (BMI) in rodents and in 87 lean and obese humans. In humans, there was variability in plasma leptin at each BMI suggesting that there are differences in its secretion rate from fat. Weight loss due to food restriction was associated with a decrease in plasma leptin in samples from mice and obese humans.

3,763 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Method has been applied to a study of hydroxyproline distribution in cell particulates, tissue fluids, and purified plant and animal proteins, and significant amounts of hydroXYproline were found in crystalline preparations of pepsin, elastase.

3,756 citations


Authors

Showing all 20486 results

NameH-indexPapersCitations
Bert Vogelstein247757332094
Richard A. Flavell2311328205119
Steven A. Rosenberg2181204199262
Kenneth W. Kinzler215640243944
Robert J. Lefkowitz214860147995
Rob Knight2011061253207
Irving L. Weissman2011141172504
Ronald M. Evans199708166722
Francis S. Collins196743250787
Craig B. Thompson195557173172
Thomas C. Südhof191653118007
Joan Massagué189408149951
Stuart H. Orkin186715112182
John P. A. Ioannidis1851311193612
Eric R. Kandel184603113560
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Performance
Metrics
No. of papers from the Institution in previous years
YearPapers
202330
2022228
20211,583
20201,587
20191,591
20181,394