scispace - formally typeset
Search or ask a question
Institution

Howard Hughes Medical Institute

NonprofitChevy Chase, Maryland, United States
About: Howard Hughes Medical Institute is a nonprofit organization based out in Chevy Chase, Maryland, United States. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Gene & RNA. The organization has 20371 authors who have published 34677 publications receiving 5247143 citations. The organization is also known as: HHMI & hhmi.org.


Papers
More filters
Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Differences in leptin and ghrelin are likely to increase appetite, possibly explaining the increased BMI observed with short sleep duration, and changes in appetite regulatory hormones with sleep curtailment may contribute to obesity.
Abstract: Background Sleep duration may be an important regulator of body weight and metabolism. An association between short habitual sleep time and increased body mass index (BMI) has been reported in large population samples. The potential role of metabolic hormones in this association is unknown. Methods and Findings Study participants were 1,024 volunteers from the Wisconsin Sleep Cohort Study, a population-based longitudinal study of sleep disorders. Participants underwent nocturnal polysomnography and reported on their sleep habits through questionnaires and sleep diaries. Following polysomnography, morning, fasted blood samples were evaluated for serum leptin and ghrelin (two key opposing hormones in appetite regulation), adiponectin, insulin, glucose, and lipid profile. Relationships among these measures, BMI, and sleep duration (habitual and immediately prior to blood sampling) were examined using multiple variable regressions with control for confounding factors. A U-shaped curvilinear association between sleep duration and BMI was observed. In persons sleeping less than 8 h (74.4% of the sample), increased BMI was proportional to decreased sleep. Short sleep was associated with low leptin (p for slope = 0.01), with a predicted 15.5% lower leptin for habitual sleep of 5 h versus 8 h, and high ghrelin (p for slope = 0.008), with a predicted 14.9% higher ghrelin for nocturnal (polysomnographic) sleep of 5 h versus 8 h, independent of BMI.

2,111 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The cloning of p63, a gene at chromosome 3q27-29 that bears strong homology to the tumor suppressor p53 and to the related gene, p73, is described and the possibility of physiological interactions among members of the p53 family is suggested.

2,110 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
12 Dec 2007-Nature
TL;DR: The dream is to 'watch' proteins in action in real time at atomic resolution, which requires addition of a fourth dimension, time, to structural biology so that the positions in space and time of all atoms in a protein can be described in detail.
Abstract: Because proteins are central to cellular function, researchers have sought to uncover the secrets of how these complex macromolecules execute such a fascinating variety of functions. Although static structures are known for many proteins, the functions of proteins are governed ultimately by their dynamic character (or 'personality'). The dream is to 'watch' proteins in action in real time at atomic resolution. This requires addition of a fourth dimension, time, to structural biology so that the positions in space and time of all atoms in a protein can be described in detail.

2,109 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
13 Mar 2008-Nature
TL;DR: A map at single-base-pair resolution of methylated cytosines for Arabidopsis is generated by combining bisulphite treatment of genomic DNA with ultra-high-throughput sequencing using the Illumina 1G Genome Analyser and Solexa sequencing technology.
Abstract: Cytosine DNA methylation is important in regulating gene expression and in silencing transposons and other repetitive sequences. Recent genomic studies in Arabidopsis thaliana have revealed that many endogenous genes are methylated either within their promoters or within their transcribed regions, and that gene methylation is highly correlated with transcription levels. However, plants have different types of methylation controlled by different genetic pathways, and detailed information on the methylation status of each cytosine in any given genome is lacking. To this end, we generated a map at single-base-pair resolution of methylated cytosines for Arabidopsis, by combining bisulphite treatment of genomic DNA with ultra-high-throughput sequencing using the Illumina 1G Genome Analyser and Solexa sequencing technology. This approach, termed BS-Seq, unlike previous microarray-based methods, allows one to sensitively measure cytosine methylation on a genome-wide scale within specific sequence contexts. Here we describe methylation on previously inaccessible components of the genome and analyse the DNA methylation sequence composition and distribution. We also describe the effect of various DNA methylation mutants on genome-wide methylation patterns, and demonstrate that our newly developed library construction and computational methods can be applied to large genomes such as that of mouse.

2,108 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
06 May 2004-Nature
TL;DR: This work introduces a method for genetic lineage tracing to determine the contribution of stem cells to a tissue of interest and suggests that terminally differentiated β-cells retain a significant proliferative capacity in vivo and casts doubt on the idea that adult stem cells have a significant role in β-cell replenishment.
Abstract: How tissues generate and maintain the correct number of cells is a fundamental problem in biology. In principle, tissue turnover can occur by the differentiation of stem cells, as is well documented for blood, skin and intestine, or by the duplication of existing differentiated cells. Recent work on adult stem cells has highlighted their potential contribution to organ maintenance and repair. However, the extent to which stem cells actually participate in these processes in vivo is not clear. Here we introduce a method for genetic lineage tracing to determine the contribution of stem cells to a tissue of interest. We focus on pancreatic beta-cells, whose postnatal origins remain controversial. Our analysis shows that pre-existing beta-cells, rather than pluripotent stem cells, are the major source of new beta-cells during adult life and after pancreatectomy in mice. These results suggest that terminally differentiated beta-cells retain a significant proliferative capacity in vivo and cast doubt on the idea that adult stem cells have a significant role in beta-cell replenishment.

2,103 citations


Authors

Showing all 20486 results

NameH-indexPapersCitations
Bert Vogelstein247757332094
Richard A. Flavell2311328205119
Steven A. Rosenberg2181204199262
Kenneth W. Kinzler215640243944
Robert J. Lefkowitz214860147995
Rob Knight2011061253207
Irving L. Weissman2011141172504
Ronald M. Evans199708166722
Francis S. Collins196743250787
Craig B. Thompson195557173172
Thomas C. Südhof191653118007
Joan Massagué189408149951
Stuart H. Orkin186715112182
John P. A. Ioannidis1851311193612
Eric R. Kandel184603113560
Network Information
Related Institutions (5)
Salk Institute for Biological Studies
13.1K papers, 1.6M citations

98% related

Laboratory of Molecular Biology
24.2K papers, 2.1M citations

96% related

Broad Institute
11.6K papers, 1.5M citations

96% related

Scripps Research Institute
32.8K papers, 2.9M citations

95% related

Rockefeller University
32.9K papers, 2.9M citations

95% related

Performance
Metrics
No. of papers from the Institution in previous years
YearPapers
202330
2022228
20211,583
20201,587
20191,591
20181,394