Showing papers by "Humboldt University of Berlin published in 2001"
TL;DR: The paper focuses on the loading of the femoral implant component but complete data are additionally stored on an associated compact disc that contains complete gait and hip contact force data as well as calculated muscle activities during walking and stair climbing and the frequencies of daily activities observed in hip patients.
2,028 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors found that risedronate increases bone mineral density in elderly women, but whether it prevents hip fracture is not known, and the women were randomly assigned to receive treatment with either oral risingronate (2.5 or 5.0 mg) or placebo for three years.
Abstract: Background Risedronate increases bone mineral density in elderly women, but whether it prevents hip fracture is not known. Methods We studied 5445 women 70 to 79 years old who had osteoporosis (indicated by a T score for bone mineral density at the femoral neck that was more than 4 SD below the mean peak value in young adults [–4] or lower than –3 plus a nonskeletal risk factor for hip fracture, such as poor gait or a propensity to fall) and 3886 women at least 80 years old who had at least one nonskeletal risk factor for hip fracture or low bone mineral density at the femoral neck (T score, lower than –4 or lower than –3 plus a hip-axis length of 11.1 cm or greater). The women were randomly assigned to receive treatment with oral risedronate (2.5 or 5.0 mg daily) or placebo for three years. The primary end point was the occurrence of hip fracture. Results Overall, the incidence of hip fracture among all the women assigned to risedronate was 2.8 percent, as compared with 3.9 percent among those assigned t...
1,719 citations
TL;DR: Gene expression analysis promises to extend and refine standard pathologic analysis and make possible the subclassification of adenocarcinoma into subgroups that correlated with the degree of tumor differentiation as well as patient survival.
Abstract: The global gene expression profiles for 67 human lung tumors representing 56 patients were examined by using 24,000-element cDNA microarrays. Subdivision of the tumors based on gene expression patterns faithfully recapitulated morphological classification of the tumors into squamous, large cell, small cell, and adenocarcinoma. The gene expression patterns made possible the subclassification of adenocarcinoma into subgroups that correlated with the degree of tumor differentiation as well as patient survival. Gene expression analysis thus promises to extend and refine standard pathologic analysis.
1,335 citations
TL;DR: This guide should become a useful tool when screening new mouse mutants or mice treated with pharmaceuticals for discrete morphologic abnormalities of hair follicle cycling in a highly reproducible, easily applicable, and quantifiable manner.
1,157 citations
TL;DR: It is proposed that PB1-F2 functions to kill host immune cells responding to influenza virus infection, and influenza viruses with targeted mutations that interfere with PB1/F2 expression induce less extensive apoptosis in human monocytic cells than those with intact PB1 -F2.
Abstract: While searching for alternative reading-frame peptides encoded by influenza A virus that are recognized by CD8+ T cells, we found an abundant immunogenic peptide encoded by the +1 reading frame of PB1. This peptide derives from a novel conserved 87-residue protein, PB1-F2, which has several unusual features compared with other influenza gene products in addition to its mode of translation. These include its absence from some animal (particularly swine) influenza virus isolates, variable expression in individual infected cells, rapid proteasome-dependent degradation and mitochondrial localization. Exposure of cells to a synthetic version of PB1-F2 induces apoptosis, and influenza viruses with targeted mutations that interfere with PB1-F2 expression induce less extensive apoptosis in human monocytic cells than those with intact PB1-F2. We propose that PB1-F2 functions to kill host immune cells responding to influenza virus infection.
1,016 citations
TL;DR: US is most commonly used in the assessment of soft tissue disease or detection of fluid collection and can also be used to visualise other structures, such as cartilage and bone surfaces, and its ability to be repeated as often as necessary makes it particularly useful for the monitoring of treatment.
Abstract: Within the past decade, musculoskeletal ultrasound (US) has become an established imaging technique for the diagnosis and follow up of patients with rheumatic diseases.1-5 This has been made possible through technological improvements, resulting in faster computers and higher frequency transducers. US is most commonly used in the assessment of soft tissue disease or detection of fluid collection and can also be used to visualise other structures, such as cartilage and bone surfaces.6 7 Owing to the better axial and lateral resolution of US, even minute bone surface abnormalities may be depicted. Thus destructive and/or reparative/hypertrophic changes on the bone surface may be seen before they are apparent on plain x rays or even magnetic resonance imaging.8 However, US wave frequencies cannot penetrate into bone, therefore imaging of intra-articular disease is usually not possible. The “real time” capability of US allows dynamic assessment of joint and tendon movements, which can often aid the detection of structural abnormalities. Advantages of US include its non-invasiveness, portability, relative inexpensiveness, lack of ionising radiation, and its ability to be repeated as often as necessary, making it particularly useful for the monitoring of treatment. US can also be used for guidance of aspiration, biopsy, and injection treatment.9 Most musculoskeletal work is performed using “grey scale”, which means images are produced in a black and white format; each white dot in the image represents a reflected sound wave. Sound waves travel in a similar way to light waves and therefore the denser a material is—for example, bone cortex, the more reflective it is and the whiter it appears on the screen. Water is the least reflective body material and therefore appears as black as the sound waves travel straight through it.
Newer US techniques, which are currently being evaluated, include colour and power …
962 citations
TL;DR: Tumor diameter and number of nodules in correlation with the histopathologic grading were predictive of a vascular invasion only in HCC larger than 5 cm, which is a safe and effective long‐term treatment for small HCC in cirrhosis.
851 citations
TL;DR: The investigation showed that a warming in the early spring (February–April) by 1 ◦ C causes an advance in the beginning of growing season of 7 days, and an increase of mean annual air temperature by 1◦ C led to an extension of 5 days.
765 citations
TL;DR: The results substantiate the epidemiologic association between migraine and vertigo and indicate that migrainous vertigo affects a significant proportion of patients both in dizziness and headache clinics.
Abstract: Objective: To assess the prevalence of migrainous vertigo in patients with migraine and in patients with vertigo according to explicit diagnostic criteria that are presented for discussion. Methods: The authors prospectively evaluated 200 consecutive patients from a dizziness clinic and 200 patients from a migraine clinic for migrainous vertigo based on the following criteria: 1) recurrent vestibular symptoms (rotatory/positional vertigo, other illusory self or object motion, head motion intolerance); 2) migraine according to the criteria of the International Headache Society (IHS); 3) at least one of the following migrainous symptoms during at least two vertiginous attacks: migrainous headache, photophobia, phonophobia, visual or other auras; and 4) other causes ruled out by appropriate investigations. In addition, the authors compared the prevalence of migraine according to the IHS criteria in the dizziness clinic group with a sex- and age-matched control group of 200 orthopedic patients. Results: The prevalence of migraine according to the IHS criteria was higher in the dizziness clinic group (38%) compared with the age- and sex-matched control group (24%, p Conclusion: These results substantiate the epidemiologic association between migraine and vertigo and indicate that migrainous vertigo affects a significant proportion of patients both in dizziness and headache clinics.
681 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors report the results from a study conducted in nine countries in Europe, the United States, and Asia on vocal emotion portrayals of anger, sadness, fear, joy, and neutral voice as produced by professional German actors.
Abstract: Whereas the perception of emotion from facial expression has been extensively studied cross-culturally, little is known about judges’ ability to infer emotion from vocal cues. This article reports the results from a study conducted in nine countries in Europe, the United States, and Asia on vocal emotion portrayals of anger, sadness, fear, joy, and neutral voice as produced by professional German actors. Data show an overall accuracy of 66% across all emotions and countries. Although accuracy was substantially better than chance, there were sizable differences ranging from 74% in Germany to 52% in Indonesia. However, patterns of confusion were very similar across all countries. These data suggest the existence of similar inference rules from vocal expression across cultures. Generally, accuracy decreased with increasing language dissimilarity from German in spite of the use of language-free speech samples. It is concluded that culture- and language-specific paralinguistic patterns may influence the decodi...
663 citations
TL;DR: Evidence is provided for a novel, noninvasive approach for targeting potential therapeutic factors to the central nervous system using genetically-modified hematopoietic cells enter the CNS and differentiate into microglia after bone-marrow transplantation.
Abstract: Gene therapy in the central nervous system (CNS) is hindered by the presence of the blood-brain barrier, which restricts access of serum constituents and peripheral cells to the brain parenchyma. Expression of exogenously administered genes in the CNS has been achieved in vivo using highly invasive routes, or ex vivo relying on the direct implantation of genetically modified cells into the brain. Here we provide evidence for a novel, noninvasive approach for targeting potential therapeutic factors to the CNS. Genetically-modified hematopoietic cells enter the CNS and differentiate into microglia after bone-marrow transplantation. Up to a quarter of the regional microglial population is donor-derived by four months after transplantation. Microglial engraftment is enhanced by neuropathology, and gene-modified myeloid cells are specifically attracted to the sites of neuronal damage. Thus, microglia may serve as vehicles for gene delivery to the nervous system.
TL;DR: This puzzle investigates indirect reciprocity in simulations based on an island model and finds that the strategy of aiming for ‘good standing’ has superior properties, which can be an evolutionarily stable strategy and, even if not, it usually beats image scoring.
Abstract: How can cooperation through indirect reciprocity evolve and what would it be like? This problem has previously been studied by simulating evolution in a small group of interacting individuals, assuming no gene flow between groups. In these simulations, certain 'image scoring' strategies were found to be the most successful. However, analytical arguments show that it would not be in an individual's interest to use these strategies. Starting with this puzzle, we investigate indirect reciprocity in simulations based on an island model. This has an advantage in that the role of genetic drift can be examined. Our results show that the image scoring strategies depend on very strong drift or a very small cost of giving help. As soon as these factors are absent, selection eliminates image scoring. We also consider other possibilities for the evolution of indirect reciprocity. In particular, we find that the strategy of aiming for 'good standing' has superior properties. It can be an evolutionarily stable strategy and, even if not, it usually beats image scoring. Furthermore, by introducing quality variation among individuals into the model, we show that the standing strategy can be quality revealing, adding a new dimension to indirect reciprocity. Finally, we discuss general problems with currently popular modelling styles.
TL;DR: The proteasome is an essential part of the authors' immune surveillance mechanisms: by generating peptides from intracellular antigens it provides peptides that are then 'presented' to T cells.
Abstract: The proteasome is an essential part of our immune surveillance mechanisms: by generating peptides from intracellular antigens it provides peptides that are then 'presented' to T cells. But proteasomes--the waste-disposal units of the cell--typically do not generate peptides for antigen presentation with high efficiency. How, then, does the proteasome adapt to serve the immune system well?
TL;DR: One objective of SHIP is to provide prevalence estimates on a broad range of diseases, risk and health factors for a defined region in the former GDR.
Abstract: Objectives
The reason for the Study of Health in Pomerania (SHIP) is the lack of epidemiological studies with a broad range of health indicators. Furthermore, in Germany there is a need for studies that take into account the particular situation of life after the reunification. One objective of SHIP is to provide prevalence estimates on a broad range of diseases, risk and health factors for a defined region in the former GDR.
TL;DR: In this article, the complete valence-band structure of the molybdenum dichalcogenides (MoS, MoSe, and MoTe) is presented and discussed in comparison.
Abstract: In this work the complete valence-band structure of the molybdenum dichalcogenides ${\mathrm{MoS}}_{2},$ ${\mathrm{MoSe}}_{2},$ and $\ensuremath{\alpha}\ensuremath{-}{\mathrm{MoTe}}_{2}$ is presented and discussed in comparison. The valence bands have been studied using both angle-resolved photoelectron spectroscopy (ARPES) with synchrotron radiation, as well as ab initio band-structure calculations. The ARPES measurements have been carried out in the constant-final-state (CFS) mode. The results of the calculations show in general very good agreement with the experimentally determined valence-band structures allowing for a clear identification of the observed features. The dispersion of the valence bands as a function of the perpendicular component ${k}_{\ensuremath{\perp}}$ of the wave vector reveals a decreasing three-dimensional character from ${\mathrm{MoS}}_{2}$ to $\ensuremath{\alpha}\ensuremath{-}{\mathrm{MoTe}}_{2}$ which is attributed to an increasing interlayer distance in the three compounds. The effect of this ${k}_{\ensuremath{\perp}}$ dispersion on the determination of the exact dispersion of the individual states as a function of ${k}_{\ensuremath{\Vert}}$ is discussed. By performing ARPES in the CFS mode the ${k}_{\ensuremath{\Vert}}$ component for off-normal emission spectra can be determined. The corresponding ${k}_{\ensuremath{\perp}}$ value is obtained from the symmetry of the spectra along the $\ensuremath{\Gamma}A,$ $KH,$ and $\mathrm{ML}$ lines, respectively.
TL;DR: This analysis presents an exhaustive inventory of an eukaryotic ribosome at the molecular level, with mainly rRNA contributing to its molecular environment.
Journal Article•
TL;DR: The presence of CD8(+) T cell infiltration in esophageal carcinomas is a favorable prognostic factor that should have diagnostic and therapeutic implications.
Abstract: The purpose of this study was to explore whether there is a linkage between the infiltration of CD8+ T cells and the risk of death from esophageal cancer. Cases of 70 consecutive patients in whom esophageal squamous cell carcinomas ( n = 33) or adenocarcinomas (n = 37) were R0-resected between 1993 and 1999 were reviewed. The presence of activated CD8+ T cells was evaluated by quantitative real-time PCR and immunohistochemistry and compared to clinical and pathological stages. The primary end point analyzed was overall survival, and a multivariate analysis was performed to distinguish any factors conferring an improved survivorship. Intratumoral (i.t.) CD8+ T cells accumulating within the epithelial complexes were detected in 11 of all (16%) cases: in 9 of 25 (36%) patients with Union Internationale Contrele Cancer stage I or II versus 2 of 45 (4%) patients with Union Internationale Contrele Cancer stage III or IV (P = 0.001). Intratumoral CD8+ T cell infiltrations showed proliferative activity and also IFN-γ secretion. The presence of i.t. CD8+ T cell infiltration more than peritumoral infiltration was associated with a good prognosis in both squamous cell and adenocarcinomas. Multivariate analysis showed that i.t. CD8+ T cell infiltration was an independent prognostic factor (hazard ratio, 0.5; P = 0.0004) indicating favorable outcome. In conclusion, the presence of CD8+ T cell infiltration in esophageal carcinomas is a favorable prognostic factor that should have diagnostic and therapeutic implications.
TL;DR: While swelling-activated currents are unchanged in mice with disrupted ClC-3, acidification of synaptic vesicles is impaired and there is severe postnatal degeneration of the retina and the hippocampus, and mice almost lacking the hippocampus survive and show several behavioral abnormalities but are still able to acquire motor skills.
TL;DR: In this article, the present knowledge of QCD confining forces between static test charges is summarised, with an emphasis on lattice results, and the validity of non-relativistic QCD and the adiabatic approximation with respect to heavy quark bound states is explored.
TL;DR: Bcl-2 overexpression abolished apoptosis triggered by both apoptotic stimuli, confirming the critical role of the Bax/B cl-2 ratio as a rheostat that determines the susceptibility to apoptosis in melanoma cells by regulating mitochondrial function.
TL;DR: Two experiments were conducted to investigate the psychometric properties of an Implicit Association Test that was adapted to measure implicit attitudes towards homosexuality, and it was shown that uninformed participants were able to fake positive explicit but not implicit attitudes.
Abstract: Two experiments were conducted to investigate the psychometric properties of an Implicit Association Test (IAT; Greenwald, McGhee, & Schwartz, 1998) that was adapted to measure implicit attitudes towards homosexuality. In a first experiment, the validity of the Homosexuality-IAT was tested using a known group approach. Implicit and explicit attitudes were assessed in heterosexual and homosexual men and women (N = 101). The results provided compelling evidence for the convergent and discriminant validity of the Homosexuality-IAT as a measure of implicit attitudes. No evidence was found for two alternative explanations of IAT effects (familiarity with stimulus material and stereotype knowledge). The internal consistency of IAT scores was satisfactory (alpha s > .80), but retest correlations were lower. In a second experiment (N = 79) it was shown that uninformed participants were able to fake positive explicit but not implicit attitudes. Discrepancies between implicit and explicit attitudes towards homosexuality could be partially accounted for by individual differences in the motivation to control prejudiced behavior, thus providing independent evidence for the validity of the implicit attitude measure. Neither explicit nor implicit attitudes could be changed by persuasive messages. The results of both experiments are interpreted as evidence for a single construct account of implicit and explicit attitudes towards homosexuality.
TL;DR: In this article, it was shown that axons of hippocampal principal cells are electrically coupled, with prepotentials or spikelets forming the physiological substrate of electrical coupling as observed in cell somata.
TL;DR: The authors tested the hypothesis that there are three major prototypic patterns of personality description (resilient, overcontrolled, and undercontrolled) in a series of studies including adults' self-descriptions on the Big Five and parents' Big Five judgments of their childern, using both replicated cluster analyses and replicated Q-factor analyses.
Abstract: We tested the hypothesis that there are three major prototypic patterns of personality description (resilient, overcontrolled, and undercontrolled) in a series of studies including adults' self-descriptions on the Big Five and parents' Big Five and Q-Sort judgments of their childern, using both replicated cluster analyses and replicated Q-factor analyses. The consistency of the prototypes across ages, judges, and methods was quantitatively measured. The results confirmed the hypothesis in all studies. Personality social relationship, and social interaction correlates of the prototypes indicated externalizing tendencies for undercontrollers and internalizing tendencies for overcontrollers for both childern and adults. The studies provide strong evidence for a three-prototype model of personality description at the highest level of analysis for both childhood and adulthood. Copyright (C) 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
TL;DR: The presented approach is considered as a useful means to determine valid conditions for the analysis of prosthesis loading, bone modeling or remodeling processes around implants and fracture stability following internal fixation.
TL;DR: This review aimed to provide distinct dose recommendations for antidepressants based on the genotypes of cytochrome P450 enzymes CYP2D6 and CYP1C19 to provide a useful complementation to clinical monitoring and therapeutic drug monitoring.
Abstract: CYP2D6 and CYP2C19 genotype-based dose recommendations for antidepressants: A first step towards subpopulation specific dosages.
TL;DR: Biophysical and biochemical studies of r Rhodopsin activation, and the recent crystal structure determination of bovine rhodopsin, have provided new information that enables a more complete mechanism of vertebrate rhodopin activation to be proposed.
14 Oct 2001
TL;DR: In this article, the authors conducted an experiment in which they compared self-reported privacy preferences of 171 participants with their actual disclosing behavior during an online shopping episode, and they found that regardless of their specific privacy concerns, most participants did not live up to their self reported privacy preferences.
Abstract: As electronic commerce environments become more and more interactive, privacy is a matter of increasing concern. Many surveys have investigated households' privacy attitudes and concerns, revealing a general desire among Internet users to protect their privacy. To complement these questionnaire-based studies, we conducted an experiment in which we compared self-reported privacy preferences of 171 participants with their actual disclosing behavior during an online shopping episode. Our results suggest that current approaches to protect online users' privacy, such as EU data protection regulation or P3P, may face difficulties to do so effectively. This is due to their underlying assumption that people are not only privacy conscious, but will also act accordingly. In our study, most individuals stated that privacy was important to them, with concern centering on the disclosure of different aspects of personal information. However, regardless of their specific privacy concerns, most participants did not live up to their self-reported privacy preferences. As participants were drawn into the sales dialogue with an anthropomorphic 3-D shopping bot, they answered a majority of questions, even if these were highly personal. Moreover, different privacy statements had no effect on the amount of information disclosed; in fact, the mentioning of EU regulation seemed to cause a feeling of 'false security'. The results suggest that people appreciate highly communicative EC environments and forget privacy concerns once they are 'inside the Web'.
TL;DR: In this paper, a density matrix technique is introduced as the theoretical tool providing a unified description of the processes which follow ultrafast laser excitation, including coherent exciton motion, vibrational coherences, exciton relaxation, and exciton localization.
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors derived the ages of the multi-ring basins and their related ejecta blankets and presented alternative ages for the basin events (in parentheses): 3.92 ± 0.05 Gyr for Nectaris, 3.89 ± 0.02 Gyr (or 3.84 ± 0., 0.04 Gyr), 3.75 ± 0, 0.41 ± 0, 3.30 ± 0 and 3.15 ± 0).
Abstract: The absolute ages of cratered surfaces in the inner solar system, including Mars, are derived by extrapolation from the impact flux curve for the Moon which has been calibrated on the basis of absolute ages of lunar samples. We reevaluate the lunar flux curve using isotope ages of lunar samples and the latest views on the lunar stratigraphy and the principles of relative and absolute age dating of geologic surface units of the Moon. The geological setting of the Apollo and Luna landing areas are described as far as they are relevant for this reevaluation. We derive the following best estimates for the ages of the multi-ring basins and their related ejecta blankets and present alternative ages for the basin events (in parentheses): 3.92 ± 0.03 Gyr (or 3.85 ± 0.05 Gyr) for Nectaris, 3.89 ± 0.02 Gyr (or 3.84 ± 0.04 Gyr) for Crisium, 3.89 ± 0.01 Gyr (or 3.87 ± 0.03 Gyr) for Serenitatis, and 3.85 ± 0.02 Gyr (or 3.77 ± 0.02 Gyr) for Imbrium. Our best estimates for the ages of the mare landing areas are: 3.80 ± 0.02 Gyr for Apollo 11 (old surface), 3.75 ± 0.01 Gyr for Apollo 17, 3.58 ± 0.01 Gyr for Apollo 11 (young surface), 3.41 ± 0.04 Gyr for Luna 16, 3.30 ± 0.02 Gyr for Apollo 15, 3.22 ± 0.02 Gyr for Luna 24, and 3.15 ± 0.04 Gyr for Apollo 12. The ages of Eratosthenian and Copernican craters remain: ~ 2.1 (?) Gyr (Autolycus), 800 ± 15 Myr (Copernicus), 109 ± 4 Myr (Tycho), 50.3 ± 0.8 (North Ray crater, Apollo 16), and 25.1 ± 1.2 (Cone crater, Apollo 14). When plotted against the crater densities of the relevant lunar surface units, these data result in a revised lunar impact flux curve which differs from the previously used flux curve in the following respects: (1) The ages of the stratigraphically most critical impact basins are notably younger, (2) the uncertainty of the calibration curve is decreased, especially in the age range from about 4.0 to 3.0 Gyr, (3) any curve for ages older than 3.95 Gyr (upper age limit of the Nectaris ejecta blanket) is abandoned because crater frequencies measured on such surface formations cannot be correlated with absolute ages obtained on lunar samples. Therefore, the impact flux curve for this pre-Nectarian time remains unknown. The new calibration curve for lunar crater retention ages less than about 3.9 Gyr provides an updated standard reference for the inner solar system bodies including Mars.
TL;DR: Over overlapping 15 amino acid peptide mixes may facilitate the analysis of antigen-specific CD4+ and CD8+ T-cell responses by cytokine flow cytometry, using clinical specimens that include shipped blood or cryopreserved PBMC.