Institution
Humboldt University of Berlin
Education•Berlin, Germany•
About: Humboldt University of Berlin is a education organization based out in Berlin, Germany. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Population & Transplantation. The organization has 33671 authors who have published 61781 publications receiving 1908102 citations. The organization is also known as: Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin & Universitas Humboldtiana Berolinensis.
Papers published on a yearly basis
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University of Erfurt1, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill2, University of London3, Boston Children's Hospital4, Max Planck Society5, University of Sydney6, University of Konstanz7, Cornell University8, Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich9, Technical University of Berlin10, Humboldt University of Berlin11, ETH Zurich12, European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control13
TL;DR: The authors conclude that, as a result of the Internet and Web 2.0, private and public concerns surrounding vaccinations have the potential to virally spread across the globe in a quick, efficient and vivid manner.
316 citations
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TL;DR: The methods employed in the ATLAS experiment to correct for the impact of pile-up on jet energy and jet shapes, and for the presence of spurious additional jets, are described, with a primary focus on the large 20.3 kg-1 data sample.
Abstract: The large rate of multiple simultaneous protonproton interactions, or pile-up, generated by the Large Hadron Collider in Run 1 required the development of many new techniques to mitigate the advers ...
316 citations
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TL;DR: It is reported here that Tat is deacetylated by human sirtuin 1 (SIRT1), a nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide-dependent class III protein de acetylase in vitro and in vivo, which supports a model in which cycles of Tat acetylation and deacetyation regulate HIV transcription.
Abstract: The human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) Tat protein is acetylated by the transcriptional coactivator p300, a necessary step in Tat-mediated transactivation. We report here that Tat is deacetylated by human sirtuin 1 (SIRT1), a nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide-dependent class III protein deacetylase in vitro and in vivo. Tat and SIRT1 coimmunoprecipitate and synergistically activate the HIV promoter. Conversely, knockdown of SIRT1 via small interfering RNAs or treatment with a novel small molecule inhibitor of the SIRT1 deacetylase activity inhibit Tat-mediated transactivation of the HIV long terminal repeat. Tat transactivation is defective in SIRT1-null mouse embryonic fibroblasts and can be rescued by expression of SIRT1. These results support a model in which cycles of Tat acetylation and deacetylation regulate HIV transcription. SIRT1 recycles Tat to its unacetylated form and acts as a transcriptional coactivator during Tat transactivation.
316 citations
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TL;DR: It is hypothesized that phage have evolved to use upregulated host genes, leading to their stable incorporation into phage genomes and their subsequent transfer back to hosts in genome islands, and activation of host genes during infection may be directing the co-evolution of gene content in both host and phages genomes.
Abstract: It's known that interactions between bacteria and their viruses (or phages) can result in a degree of co-evolution of host and phage. A picture of just how close that relationship can become is given by whole-genome expression profiling of the marine cyanobacterium Prochlorococcus and its T7-like cyanophage during infection. A number of host genes are expressed in a coordinated fashion during phage infection, and the phage seem to have evolved to make good use of the gene products. These cyanobacteria are ubiquitous in the oceans and dominant in their particular niche. It seems likely that evolutionary cooperation between host and phage contributes to the success of both partners. Phages have a major impact on the evolution of their bacterial hosts. Providing the first whole genome expression profiling of the marine cyanobacterium Prochlorococcus and its T7-like cyanophage during lytic infection reveals potential mechanistic features of this co-evolutionary process. Interactions between bacterial hosts and their viruses (phages) lead to reciprocal genome evolution through a dynamic co-evolutionary process1,2,3,4,5. Phage-mediated transfer of host genes—often located in genome islands—has had a major impact on microbial evolution1,4,6. Furthermore, phage genomes have clearly been shaped by the acquisition of genes from their hosts2,3,5. Here we investigate whole-genome expression of a host and phage, the marine cyanobacterium Prochlorococcus MED4 and the T7-like cyanophage P-SSP7, during lytic infection, to gain insight into these co-evolutionary processes. Although most of the phage genome was linearly transcribed over the course of infection, four phage-encoded bacterial metabolism genes formed part of the same expression cluster, even though they are physically separated on the genome. These genes—encoding photosystem II D1 (psbA), high-light inducible protein (hli), transaldolase (talC) and ribonucleotide reductase (nrd)—are transcribed together with phage DNA replication genes and seem to make up a functional unit involved in energy and deoxynucleotide production for phage replication in resource-poor oceans. Also unique to this system was the upregulation of numerous genes in the host during infection. These may be host stress response genes and/or genes induced by the phage. Many of these host genes are located in genome islands and have homologues in cyanophage genomes. We hypothesize that phage have evolved to use upregulated host genes, leading to their stable incorporation into phage genomes and their subsequent transfer back to hosts in genome islands. Thus activation of host genes during infection may be directing the co-evolution of gene content in both host and phage genomes.
316 citations
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International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis1, Environmental Change Institute2, BirdLife International3, University of Cambridge4, Indian Institutes of Technology5, ETH Zurich6, Natural History Museum7, Bioversity International8, Sapienza University of Rome9, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation10, Netherlands Environmental Assessment Agency11, Zoological Society of London12, World Conservation Monitoring Centre13, Ritsumeikan University14, National Institute for Environmental Studies15, Radboud University Nijmegen16, Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research17, University College London18, Imperial College London19, Wageningen University and Research Centre20, Agricultural & Applied Economics Association21, Stockholm Resilience Centre22, Kyoto University23, Humboldt University of Berlin24, Leipzig University25, International Institute of Minnesota26, Pontifical Catholic University of Rio de Janeiro27, Utrecht University28, Wildlife Conservation Society29, University of Queensland30
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors used an ensemble of land-use and biodiversity models to assess whether and how humans can reverse the declines in terrestrial biodiversity caused by habitat conversion, which is a major threat to biodiversity.
Abstract: Increased efforts are required to prevent further losses to terrestrial biodiversity and the ecosystem services that it provides1,2. Ambitious targets have been proposed, such as reversing the declining trends in biodiversity3; however, just feeding the growing human population will make this a challenge4. Here we use an ensemble of land-use and biodiversity models to assess whether—and how—humanity can reverse the declines in terrestrial biodiversity caused by habitat conversion, which is a major threat to biodiversity5. We show that immediate efforts, consistent with the broader sustainability agenda but of unprecedented ambition and coordination, could enable the provision of food for the growing human population while reversing the global terrestrial biodiversity trends caused by habitat conversion. If we decide to increase the extent of land under conservation management, restore degraded land and generalize landscape-level conservation planning, biodiversity trends from habitat conversion could become positive by the mid-twenty-first century on average across models (confidence interval, 2042–2061), but this was not the case for all models. Food prices could increase and, on average across models, almost half (confidence interval, 34–50%) of the future biodiversity losses could not be avoided. However, additionally tackling the drivers of land-use change could avoid conflict with affordable food provision and reduces the environmental effects of the food-provision system. Through further sustainable intensification and trade, reduced food waste and more plant-based human diets, more than two thirds of future biodiversity losses are avoided and the biodiversity trends from habitat conversion are reversed by 2050 for almost all of the models. Although limiting further loss will remain challenging in several biodiversity-rich regions, and other threats—such as climate change—must be addressed to truly reverse the declines in biodiversity, our results show that ambitious conservation efforts and food system transformation are central to an effective post-2020 biodiversity strategy. To promote the recovery of the currently declining global trends in terrestrial biodiversity, increases in both the extent of land under conservation management and the sustainability of the global food system from farm to fork are required.
316 citations
Authors
Showing all 34115 results
Name | H-index | Papers | Citations |
---|---|---|---|
Karl J. Friston | 217 | 1267 | 217169 |
Peer Bork | 206 | 697 | 245427 |
Raymond J. Dolan | 196 | 919 | 138540 |
Stefan Schreiber | 178 | 1233 | 138528 |
Andreas Pfeiffer | 149 | 1756 | 131080 |
Thomas Hebbeker | 148 | 1984 | 114004 |
Thomas Lohse | 148 | 1237 | 101631 |
Jean Bousquet | 145 | 1288 | 96769 |
Hermann Kolanoski | 145 | 1279 | 96152 |
Josh Moss | 139 | 1019 | 89255 |
R. D. Kass | 138 | 1920 | 107907 |
W. Kozanecki | 138 | 1498 | 99758 |
U. Mallik | 137 | 1625 | 97439 |
C. Haber | 135 | 1507 | 98014 |
Christophe Royon | 134 | 1453 | 90249 |