Institution
Humboldt University of Berlin
Education•Berlin, Germany•
About: Humboldt University of Berlin is a education organization based out in Berlin, Germany. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Population & Transplantation. The organization has 33671 authors who have published 61781 publications receiving 1908102 citations. The organization is also known as: Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin & Universitas Humboldtiana Berolinensis.
Papers published on a yearly basis
Papers
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TL;DR: It is shown that in bacteria selection favours codons that reduce mRNA folding around the translation start, regardless of whether these codons are frequent or rare, and that primarily mRNA structure, and not codon usage, at the beginning of genes determines the translation rate.
Abstract: The genetic code is degenerate; thus, protein evolution does not uniquely determine the coding sequence. One of the puzzles in evolutionary genetics is therefore to uncover evolutionary driving forces that result in specific codon choice. In many bacteria, the first 5-10 codons of protein-coding genes are often codons that are less frequently used in the rest of the genome, an effect that has been argued to arise from selection for slowed early elongation to reduce ribosome traffic jams. However, genome analysis across many species has demonstrated that the region shows reduced mRNA folding consistent with pressure for efficient translation initiation. This raises the possibility that unusual codon usage is a side effect of selection for reduced mRNA structure. Here we discriminate between these two competing hypotheses, and show that in bacteria selection favours codons that reduce mRNA folding around the translation start, regardless of whether these codons are frequent or rare. Experiments confirm that primarily mRNA structure, and not codon usage, at the beginning of genes determines the translation rate.
299 citations
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TL;DR: In this paper, a new mathematical model was proposed to reconcile this behavior with other hallmarks of Brownian motion, such as the random movement of microscopic particles in a fluid and the Gaussian probability of finding a particle at a particular place at a specific time.
Abstract: Brownian motion---the random movement of microscopic particles in a fluid---usually gives rise to a Gaussian probability of finding a particle at a particular place at a specific time. But in some situations, this probability behaves differently. A new mathematical model shows how to reconcile this behavior with other hallmarks of Brownian motion.
299 citations
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TL;DR: During cellular reprogramming of mouse fibroblasts by OCT4, SOX2, KLF4 and c‐MYC, fully reprogrammed cells were exclusively observed in the E‐cadherin‐positive cell population and could not be obtained in the absence of E‐ caderin.
Abstract: We report new functions of the cell-adhesion molecule E-cadherin in murine pluripotent cells. E-cadherin is highly expressed in mouse embryonic stem cells, and interference with E-cadherin causes differentiation. During cellular reprogramming of mouse fibroblasts by OCT4, SOX2, KLF4 and c-MYC, fully reprogrammed cells were exclusively observed in the E-cadherin-positive cell population and could not be obtained in the absence of E-cadherin. Moreover, reprogrammed cells could be established by viral E-cadherin in the absence of exogenous OCT4. Thus, reprogramming requires spatial cues that cross-talk with essential transcription factors. The cell-adhesion molecule E-cadherin has important functions in pluripotency and reprogramming.
299 citations
31 Jan 1992
TL;DR: Biaxial, alphanumeric classification of primary care problems and related actions and 17 chapters [A-Z]: body systems.
Abstract: Biaxial, alphanumeric classification of primary care problems and related actions 17 chapters [A-Z]: body systems Components in each chapter: symptoms and complaints [01-29] diagnostic / screening / preventive services [30-49] medication / treatment / procedures [50-59] test results [60,61] administrative [62] referrals, other reasons for encounter [63-69] specific diagnoses [70-99]
299 citations
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21 Feb 1997-Nuclear Instruments & Methods in Physics Research Section A-accelerators Spectrometers Detectors and Associated Equipment
TL;DR: The H1 detector at the electron-proton storage ring HERA as mentioned in this paper was used from 1992 to the end of 1994, and a major upgrade of some components was undertaken.
Abstract: General aspects of the H1 detector at the electron-proton storage ring HERA as well as technical descriptions of the magnet, luminosity system, trigger, slow-control, data acquisition and off-line data handling are given. The three major components of the detector, the tracking, calorimeter and muon detectors, will be described in a forthcoming article. The present paper describes the detector that was used from 1992 to the end of 1994. After this a major upgrade of some components was undertaken. Some performance figures from luminosity runs at HERA during 1993 and 1994 are given.
299 citations
Authors
Showing all 34115 results
Name | H-index | Papers | Citations |
---|---|---|---|
Karl J. Friston | 217 | 1267 | 217169 |
Peer Bork | 206 | 697 | 245427 |
Raymond J. Dolan | 196 | 919 | 138540 |
Stefan Schreiber | 178 | 1233 | 138528 |
Andreas Pfeiffer | 149 | 1756 | 131080 |
Thomas Hebbeker | 148 | 1984 | 114004 |
Thomas Lohse | 148 | 1237 | 101631 |
Jean Bousquet | 145 | 1288 | 96769 |
Hermann Kolanoski | 145 | 1279 | 96152 |
Josh Moss | 139 | 1019 | 89255 |
R. D. Kass | 138 | 1920 | 107907 |
W. Kozanecki | 138 | 1498 | 99758 |
U. Mallik | 137 | 1625 | 97439 |
C. Haber | 135 | 1507 | 98014 |
Christophe Royon | 134 | 1453 | 90249 |