Hungarian National Museum

About: Hungarian National Museum is a archive organization based out in Budapest, Hungary. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Population & Chalcolithic. The organization has 70 authors who have published 106 publications receiving 2223 citations. The organization is also known as: Magyar Nemzeti Múzeum.

Correlation between the sub-structure parameters and the manufacturing technologies of metal threads in historical textiles using X-ray line profile analysis

Abstract: Micro-structure can talk when documentation is missing. In ancient Roman or medieval periods, kings, queens, or just rich people decorated their clothes or even their horse covers richly with miniature jewels or metal threads. The origin or the fabrication techniques of these ancient threads is often unknown. Thirteen thread samples made of gold or gilt silver manufactured during the last sixteen hundred years are investigated for the micro-structure in terms of dislocation density, crystallite size, and planar defects. In a few cases, these features are compared with sub-structure of similar metallic threads prepared in modern, twentieth century workshops. The sub-structure is determined by X-ray line profile analysis, using high resolution diffractograms with negligible instrumental broadening. On the basis of the sub-structure parameters, we attempt to assess the metal-threads manufacturing procedures on samples stemming from the fourth century A.D. until now.

The first archaeobotanical evidence of Dasypyrum villosum in Hungary: an archaeophyte weed or a native grass?

Abstract: Caryopsis and spikelet fork remains of Dasypyrum villosum (L.) Coss. & Durieu ex P. Candargy have been recovered from a Hallstatt period archaeobotanical assemblage (ca. 900/800–450 cal. bc) in western Hungary (Carpathian basin). The presence of D. villosum has not been reported previously from any Hungarian archaeological sites, however there are accounts of its possible occurrence from the Neolithic, the Bronze and Iron Age in northern Serbia. The exact identification of the species has been hindered by its morphological similarity to wild rye and wheat species, as well as to Secale cereale L. and Triticum timopheevii Zhuk. ssp. timopheevii. D. villosum has been found growing at seven locations in Hungary during the past 100 years. Most of these occurrences do not exist today, and the species is not considered indigenous to the present Hungarian flora. The new finds of this species from an Iron Age feature dated to 702–696 cal. bc in western Hungary leave doubts as to whether it is indigenous or not, and should encourage archaeobotanists to consider the possibility of the occurrence of this species on other sites.

Prompt gamma activation analysis and time of flight neutron diffraction on ‘black boxes’ in the ‘Ancient Charm’ project

Abstract: The aim of the ‘Ancient Charm’ project is combining neutron tomography, prompt gamma activation analysis, time of flight neutron diffraction and neutron resonance transmission to generate elemental, and phase compositions of complex museum objects in 3D. To develop a protocol for such investigations, complex test samples were constructed and then analyzed by each method. The ‘black boxes’ are sealed iron and aluminum walled cubes, containing 2D or 3D arrangements of materials relevant for the compositions of archaeological samples. The experimental results obtained from bulk PGAA at BNC and TOF-ND at ISIS on two selected boxes are reported.

A Study of Cirripedes associated with Corals in the Collection of the Hungarian National Museum, Budapest.

Abstract: Summary. 1. New form: Creusia spinulosa forma tredecima, n. f. 2. “Nomen novum”: Creusia spinulosa forma quarta, n. n. 3. New localities for species: Singapore …Balanus quadrivittatus, Creusia spinulosa forma secunda, forma pallida, forma tredecima, Pyrgoma orbicellae and conjugatum. Bellevue Isl …Creusia spinulosa forma pallida. Philippines …Creusia spinulosa forma pallida. Wellington Isl …Creusia spinulosa forma pallida. Viti Isl …Creusia spinulosa forma pallida and Pyrgoma orbicellae. Sandwich Isl …Pyrgoma crenatum. 4. New Cirripedes and coral associations: Balanus quadrivittatus…Merulina ampliata. Tetraclita costata…Montipora cf. foliosa. Creusia spinulosa forma secunda…Eumadrepora abrotanoides. Creusia spinulosa forma pallida…Pavona frondifera, Lobophyllia corymbosa, Stylophora pistillata and Acropora cuneata. Creusia spinulosa f. arcuata…Pavona crassa. Creusia spinulosa f. tredecima…Tridacophyllia lactuca. Pyrgoma crenatum…Favia speciosa. (Creusia, sp. juv…Pavona decussata.) (Pyrgoma, sp. indet …Coeloria rustica.) The above are founded from Balanus 4 species, from Tetraclita2 species, from Creusia 8, and from Pyrgoma7 species.