IBM

About: IBM is a company organization based out in Armonk, New York, United States. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Layer (electronics) & Cache. The organization has 134567 authors who have published 253905 publications receiving 7458795 citations. The organization is also known as: International Business Machines Corporation & Big Blue.

Molecules on insulating films: scanning-tunneling microscopy imaging of individual molecular orbitals.

Abstract: Ultrathin insulating NaCl films have been employed to decouple individual pentacene molecules electronically from the metallic substrate. This allows the inherent electronic structure of the free molecule to be preserved and studied by means of low-temperature scanning-tunneling microscopy. Thereby direct images of the unperturbed molecular orbitals of the individual pentacene molecules are obtained. Elastic scattering quantum chemistry calculations substantiate the experimental findings.

Scheduling policies for an on-demand video server with batching

Abstract: In an on-demand video server environment, clients make requests for movies to a centralized video server. Due to the stringent response time requirements, continuous delivery of a video stream to the client has to be guaranteed by reserving sufficient resources required to deliver a stream. Hence there is a hard limit on the number of streams that can be simultaneously delivered by a server. The server can satisfy multiple requests for the same movie using a single disk I/O stream by sending the same data pages to multiple clients (using the multicast facility if present in the system). This can be achieved by batching requests for the same movie that arrive within a short duration of time. In this paper, we consider various policies for selecting the movie to be multicast. The choice of a policy depends very much on the customer waiting time tolerance before reneging. We show that an FCFS policy that schedules the movie with the longest outstanding request can perform better than the MQL policy that chooses the movie with the maximum number of outstanding requests. Additionally, if the user behavior can be influenced by guaranteeing maximum waiting time then it may be beneficial to pre-allocate a fixed number of streams for popular movies. Finally, we demonstrate using empirical distribution for movie requests, that a substantial reduction (of the order of 60%) in required server capacity can be achieved by batching.

Automatic configuration for internet access device

Abstract: An Internet access device (100) uses an automatic configuration process (600) to handle the task of configuring the Internet access device at a customer site for communication with the Internet (10). Once configured, the customer has electronic mail and other access to the Internet from his local area network. A not yet configured Internet access device is shipped directly to a customer without having to be manually configured first. The customer enters a registration identification number (326) and a telephone number onto the Internet access device. The Internet access device then automatically connects to the Internet, downloads configuration data from a configuration server (410) containing customer site specific configuration data, and then automatically configures itself for communication with the Internet. The Internet access device is simple to install for a customer and provides valuable features such as a router (240), firewall, e-mail gateway (212), web server (220), and other servers (222). The Internet access device initially connects to the Internet through an Internet service provider (14) over a standard analog telephone line using a standard modem (52) and using a dynamic IP address. Once automatically configured, the Internet access device may then communicate with the Internet using any suitable connection including an analog telephone line, or a higher-speed line such as an ISDN line or a frame relay circuit and is assigned a static IP address and a range of IP addresses for other devices on its local area network.

Manual and gaze input cascaded (MAGIC) pointing

Abstract: This work explores a new direction in utilizing eye gaze for computer input. Gaze tracking has long been considered as an alternative or potentially superior pointing method for computer input. We believe that many fundamental limitations exist with traditional gaze pointing. In particular, it is unnatural to overload a perceptual channel such as vision with a motor control task. We therefore propose an alternative approach, dubbed MAGIC (Manual And Gaze Input Cascaded) pointing. With such an approach, pointing appears to the user to be a manual task, used for fine manipulation and selection. However, a large portion of the cursor movement is eliminated by warping the cursor to the eye gaze area, which encompasses the target. Two specific MAGIC pointing techniques, one conservative and one liberal, were designed, analyzed, and implemented with an eye tracker we developed. They were then tested in a pilot study. This early- stage exploration showed that the MAGIC pointing techniques might offer many advantages, including reduced physical effort and fatigue as compared to traditional manual pointing, greater accuracy and naturalness than traditional gaze pointing, and possibly faster speed than manual pointing. The pros and cons of the two techniques are discussed in light of both performance data and subjective reports.

The SGML handbook

Abstract: PART ONE, TUTORIALS: Introduction to generalized markup Basic concepts Additional concepts Link in a nutshell PART TWO, OVERVIEW OF THE STANDARD: Introduction Text processing application SGML application SGML document Processing model Storage model Character sets Markup declaration Conformance PART THREE, SGML ANNOTATED PART FOUR, 8879 ANNEXES APPENDICES INDEX COLOPHON.