IE University

About: IE University is a education organization based out in Segovia, Castilla y León, Spain. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Corporate governance & Context (language use). The organization has 527 authors who have published 1709 publications receiving 64682 citations.

Business Environment, Exports, Ownership, and Firm Performance

Abstract: We use two large samples of firms to assess the effects of business environment constraints, competition, export orientation, and ownership on firm performance. We deal with omitted variables, errors in variables, and endogeneity, and find that few business constraints affect performance. Replicating the analysis with Doing Business and Heritage Foundation indicators of the business environment yields similar results. In fact, country fixed effects, reflecting time-invariant differences in the business environment as well as other factors such as health care and education, matter more for firm performance than differences in the business environment across firms within countries.

Environmental conditions and entrepreneurial activity: a regional comparison in Spain

Abstract: Purpose – The main objective of this paper is to analyse the influence of environmental factors on entrepreneurship at the Spanish regional level, using institutional economics as the theoretical framework for the research. Additionally, this work aims to emphasize how environmental conditions have different effects according to the gender of entrepreneurs.Design/methodology/approach – Regional panel data (19 Spanish regions and the 2006‐2009 period) from the Global Entrepreneurship Monitor (GEM), specifically from the Spanish National Expert Survey (NES) for environmental conditions and the GEM Adult Population Survey (APS) for entrepreneurial activity were analysed within a fixed effects model with panel corrected standard errors.Findings – The main findings of the study indicate that both informal (cultural and social norms, perception of opportunities to start‐up and entrepreneur social image) and formal factors (intellectual property rights) influence entrepreneurship, but the informal are more deter...

Shielding Idiosyncrasy from Isomorphic Pressures: Towards Optimal Distinctiveness in European Filmmaking

Abstract: This paper advances a micro theory of creative action by examining how distinctive artists shield their idiosyncratic styles from the isomorphic pressures of a field. It draws on the cases of three internationally recognized, distinctive European film directors –Pedro Almodovar (Spain), Nanni Moretti (Italy) and Lars von Trier (Denmark). We argue that in a cinema field, managing artistic pressures for distinctiveness versus business pressures for profits drive filmmakers’ quest for optimal distinctiveness. This quest seeks both exclusive (unique style) and inclusive (audienceappealing) artwork with legitimacy in the field. Our theory of creative action for optimal distinctiveness suggests that film directors increase their control by personally consolidating artistic and production roles, by forming close partnership with a committed producer, and by establishing their own production company. Ironically, to escape the iron cage of local cinema fields, film directors increasingly control the coupling of art and business.

A network effects model of charisma attributions

Abstract: We propose a network effects model of charisma that specifies the distribution and change of charisma attributions among individuals connected in a social structure. Data from a police organization...

Psychological Capital: A Test of Measurement Invariance Across 12 National Cultures

Abstract: This study examined measurement invariance of the 12-item psychological capital survey across 12 national cultures (Brazil, China, Germany, India, Italy, Mexico, Poland, South Africa, Sweden, Turkey, the United Kingdom, and the United States), representing a cross-section of all major world cultures corresponding to the GLOBE research project. Analysis of data from 56,363 employees confirms the configural second-order hierarchical factor structure for psychological capital in all national cultures. However, more stringent levels of metric equivalence were supported only with a simplified three-factor structure proposed in this research as a cross-cultural nine-item instrument. Implications for comparing means for psychological capital across national cultures are discussed.