Showing papers by "Indian Institute of Management Ahmedabad published in 1977"
TL;DR: In this article, the authors decompose the problem into a transportation problem that represents a stocking decision, and into decoupled newsboy problems that represent the realization of demand with the usual associated holding and shortage costs.
Abstract: This paper studies the one-period, general network distribution problem with linear costs. The approach is to decompose the problem into a transportation problem that represents a stocking decision, and into decoupled newsboy problems that represent the realization of demand with the usual associated holding and shortage costs. This approach leads to a characterization of optimal policies in terms of the dual of the transportation problem. This method is not directly suitable for the solution for large problems, but the exact solution for small problems can be obtained. For the numerical solutions of large problems, the problem has been formulated as a linear program with column generation. This latter approach is quite robust in the sense that it is easily extended to incorporate capacity constraints and the multiproduct case.
110 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, an algorithm is proposed for generating extreme point production plans, which is similar to the problem discussed by Zangwill, except for the important difference of capacity constraint.
Abstract: The production smoothing problem with known demands that are assumed to increase with time is treated. The production and inventory costs are concave. The cost of increasing production from one period to the next is a concave function of the increase; similarly, the cost of decreasing production is a concave function of the decrease. Backlogging is not permitted. In each period, a fixed production capacity that does not vary with time is available. The problem it similar to that discussed by Zangwill, except for the important difference of capacity constraint.
Feasible production plans are partitioned into sets on the basis of production differences from period to period---those with production increases in all N periods, those with a decrease only in the final period, etc. A minimum cost plan is an extreme point of one of these sets. We show that an extreme point plan is such that in between periods with zero inventory there is at most one sequence of periods when production is neither zero nor capacity and within these periods, production does not change.
An algorithm is proposed for generating extreme point production plans. It is shown that finding the minimum cost production plan is equivalent to finding the shortest route through an acyclic network of extreme point production plans. The approach put forth enables a complete solution to the problem discussed.
14 citations
TL;DR: The study concludes that until 1965, both countries faced similar problems in reorienting health services to rural needs, but since 1966, China has made a determined effort to bring rural-orientation in her health manpower policies.
12 citations
01 Jan 1977
TL;DR: This paper examined the relationship between organizational levels and job satisfaction while controlling for some methodological and conceptual sources of contradiction in the literature and found that homogeneity of satisfaction scores among the four levels on all components of PNSQ except social.
Abstract: This study was designed to examine the relationship between organizational levels and job satisfaction while controlling for some methodological and conceptual sources of contradiction in the literature. Data were collected on 84 employees from four organizationally adjacent levels from the same unit of an organization. PNSQ andJSI questionnaries were administered. The results suggest homogeneity of satisfaction scores among the four levels on all components of PNSQ except social. The results are explained in terms of ecological constraints.
7 citations
01 Apr 1977
TL;DR: The data from the study of a sample of Canadian organizations sug... as discussed by the authors showed that particular orientations as being indispensable for high organizational performance were not indispensable for organizational performance, however.
Abstract: Different schools of management have emphasized particular orientations as being indispensable for high organizational performance. The data from the study of a sample of Canadian organizations sug...
5 citations
01 Apr 1977
TL;DR: In this article, the authors have presented some useful propositions on reviving or turning around sick units, citing Hindustan Photo Films (HPF) as an example, and they are of the opinion that while the propositions have general validity, the manner of application may differ from organization to organization.
Abstract: “Sickness” in Indian industry is currently a pervasive phenomenon, affecting several established industries and important sectors. Though the policymakers are aware of the magnitude of the problem, very little research has been done on why organizations get sick and how to revive them.In this article the authors have presented some useful propositions on reviving or turning around sick units, citing Hindustan Photo Films (HPF) as an example. They are of the opinion that while the propositions have general validity, the manner of application may differ from organization to organization.
3 citations
01 Apr 1977
TL;DR: In this article, a study of 208 middle managers from 20 industrial organizations in the public sector in the US was conducted to understand the psychodynamics of midlife crisis in cognitive, affective, and connative planes simultaneously and integrating with it the concern for self and others.
Abstract: Middle managers tend to face physiological and psychological crises in their middle age. Part I proposes certain constructs to understand the psychodynamics of these crises and Part II provides empirical support to Part I. The dominant theme in Part I is the process of dying. Two models to cope with this inevitable but passing phase of life can be seen. Part II reports a study of 208 middle managers from 20 industrial organizations in the public sector. They emerge as moderate but not intense, mediocre, and fairly alienated with a deep sense of inefficacy and misanthropy. The paper concludes that by confronting the mid-life crisis in cognitive, affective, and connative planes simultaneously and integrating with it the concern for self and others, managers can give new meaning and richness to their lives.
3 citations
01 Oct 1977
TL;DR: In this article, the authors argue that systems for organizations should take into account the culture of the organization and the society or not, and propose a design approach that takes into account both culture and culture.
Abstract: How should systems for organizations be designed? Should they take into account the culture of the organization and the society or not? lshwar Dayal (1976) had argued that systems should be designe...
2 citations
01 Jul 1977
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors discuss the role of industrial sector in meeting mass consumption needs and suggest a systematic approach for identifying product areas requiring public policy attention and determining the roles of various sectors of industry.
Abstract: This article discusses the role of industrial sector in meeting mass consumption needs. Product mix of the consumer products industry in the organized sector primarily caters to elitist markets. The problem is further accentuated by the restrictions imposed on large industrial units, monopoly houses, and multinationals on the one hand, and the relative lack of success of small and cottage sectors in catering to mass consumption needs on the other. The author suggests a systematic approach for identifying product areas requiring public policy attention and determining the roles of various sectors of industry for meeting mass consumption needs.
1 citations
01 Oct 1977
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors provide a decision theoretic framework to tackle the uncertainty in the recovery of loans owing to failed wells, which consists of alternatives, possible events which can take place in case of each alternative, possibilities associated with each event and a defined criterion of choice.
Abstract: Minor irrigation schemes have been assigned an important role in irrigation development in the Fifth Five-Year Plan. Financial institutions such as the Agricultural Refinance and Development Corporation and banks have stepped up loan disbursements to finance the construction of dug wells, dug-cum-bore wells, and tubewells. One of the constraints in lending for minor irrigation schemes has been the uncertainty in the recovery of loans owing to failed wells. The authors of this paper provide a decision theoretic framework to tackle this uncertainty. The framework consists of (1) alternatives, (2) possible events which can take place in case of each alternative, (3) possibilities associated with each event, and (4) a defined criterion of choice. The interactions between various elements are illustrated with two examples based on data from Mehsana district in Gujarat.
01 Apr 1977
TL;DR: The public sector undertakings in India have come under heavy criticism for inefficient management and low profitability as discussed by the authors, and in view of the importance these undertakings command in the Indian economy, they have been criticised.
Abstract: The public sector undertakings in India have come under heavy criticism for inefficient management and low profitability. In view of the importance these undertakings command in the Indian economy,...
TL;DR: The problem of finding the minimum of the permanent of a doubly stochastic matrix has been formulated as a reversed geometric program with a single constraint and an equivalent dual program is given.
Abstract: LetDp be the set of all doubly stochastic square matrices of orderp i.e. the set of allp × p matrices with non-negative entries with row and column sums equal to unity. The permanent of ap × p matrixA = (aij) is defined byP(A) = Στ∈Sp IIi=1p aiτ(i) whereSp is the symmetric group of orderp. Van der Waerden conjectured thatP(A) ≥ p !/pp for all A ∈A∈Dp with equality occurring if and only ifA = Jp, whereJp is the matrix all of whose entries are equal to 1/p.