Showing papers by "Indian Institute of Management Ahmedabad published in 1983"
TL;DR: In this paper, the problem of finding all paths through a directed acyclic network that equal or exceed a fixed length is transformed into one of identifying all paths in a directed ACYCLIC network.
Abstract: An exact test of significance of the hypothesis that the row and column effects are independent in an r × c contingency table can be executed in principle by generalizing Fisher's exact treatment of the 2 × 2 contingency table. Each table in a conditional reference set of r × c tables with fixed marginal sums is assigned a generalized hypergeometric probability. The significance level is then computed by summing the probabilities of all tables that are no larger (on the probability scale) than the observed table. However, the computational effort required to generate all r × c contingency tables with fixed marginal sums severely limits the use of Fisher's exact test. A novel technique that considerably extends the bounds of computational feasibility of the exact test is proposed here. The problem is transformed into one of identifying all paths through a directed acyclic network that equal or exceed a fixed length. Some interesting new optimization theorems are developed in the process. The numer...
960 citations
TL;DR: The analysis shows that the CHV scheme has succeeded in bringing primary curative care to the doorsteps of the people and has also helped in improving related services such as family planning, immunization and detection and treatment of malaria.
38 citations
38 citations
Journal Article•
18 citations
TL;DR: The paper compares solutions generated through interactive graphics with those generated through optimization for a problem context where service centres had to be located in rural India to demonstrate the feasibility of generating near optimal solutions for problems with a certain dimensionality.
Abstract: The paper explores the feasibility of using interactive graphic based solution procedures in location problems with discrete choices. It compares solutions generated through interactive graphics with those generated through optimization for a problem context where service centres had to be located in rural India. The comparison demonstrates the feasibility of generating near optimal solutions for problems with a certain dimensionality. Broad features of the graphic software are described. The paper also highlights other advantages and limitations of the interactive graphic procedure.
17 citations
TL;DR: In a series of four experiments, low-LPC (Least Preferred Co-worker) and high-PC (Attitude toward Management) subjects received information about job performance, a task variable, and attitude toward management, an interpersonal relation variable, of two members of work groups and distributed a fixed sum of money between them as mentioned in this paper.
16 citations
TL;DR: It is shown that the minimum value of a sample of feasible points uniformly distributed over a linear constraint set is, for concave functions, asymptotically Weibull distributed with shape parameter equal to the dimension of the feasible region.
Abstract: We show that the minimum value of a sample of feasible points uniformly distributed over a linear constraint set is, for concave functions, asymptotically Weibull distributed with shape parameter equal to the dimension of the feasible region.
12 citations
TL;DR: In the developing countries, public policies are widely used to influence the marketing of essential consumption goods as discussed by the authors, and the rationales for such policies are examined using the Indian situat...
Abstract: In the developing countries, public policies are widely used to influence the marketing of essential consumption goods. This paper examines the rationales for such policies. Using the Indian situat...
6 citations
TL;DR: After independence, the Education Commission called for the creation of new institutions to undertake the task of higher education in technology, agriculture and management as mentioned in this paper, and these institutions have been successfully established.
Abstract: After independence, the Education Commission called for the creation of new institutions to undertake the task of higher education in technology, agriculture and management.
4 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors argue that if there is a trade-off between the rate of change in money wages (or price level) and employment, a policy directed towards ensuring a rise in price level can be justified on the grounds of generating additional employment.
Abstract: Is there a trade-off between inflation and employment? Can policymakers generate more employment through a deliberate policy of inflation? These questions have been debated at length since the introduction of the celebrated Philips Curve1 which empirically showed a negative relationship between the rate of change in money wages and unemployment rate. The study of Philips which related to England has been reproduced for many countries. Apart from the empirical studies, there has been a growing volume of literature on the theoretical basis for such a trade-off.2 Professor Tobin once described the Philips curve as ‘an empirical finding in search of a theory’,3 while there are some who regard it as a case of ‘measurement without theory’. If, in fact, there is a trade-off between the rate of change in money wages (or price level) and employment, a policy directed towards ensuring a rise in price level can be justified on the grounds of generating additional employment.
2 citations
01 Apr 1983
TL;DR: In this article, the authors focus on the positive substitution effect of the "incentives" is off-set by its negative income effect, and propose to incorporate the incentive variable in both cross-sectional and time-series models, as shown in the two exceptions.
Abstract: Rural savings are determined by both "ability" and "incentives" to save. All except two studies reviewed emphasize "ability," though some qualitatively analyse "incentives." This relative neglect is justified when the positive substitution effect of the "incentives" is off-set by its negative income effect. Such "total" effect does not necessarily arise. "Incentives" variable can be incorporated in both cross-sectional and time-series models, as shown in the two exceptions. Past time-series estimates of rural savings are characterized by reporting, measurement, and analytical weaknesses. Some of these lead to underestimation of these savings. This, however, does not mean that all of the additional savings are mobilizable by the financial institutions. This is because rural households hold their savings in monetized as well as non-monetized forms. Moreover, some of the monetized savings are held in the form of physical assets. Thus, only those monetized savings which are invested in financial assets of the informal rural financial market (RFM) can be considered as potentially mobilizable by the financial agencies. Institutionalization of such savings would improve their efficiency by promoting better allocation among different areas, sectors, economic activities, and also to entrepreneurs. To identify appropriate policies, further literature may be developed by promoting and researching programmes with better rates of return on financial savings, besides those with opportunities to transact other businesses.
TL;DR: Ganapathy as discussed by the authors argued that energy planning does not take place in a social or political vacuum and that if as a planner you value collective self-reliance and democratic control by people over their affairs and equity, you must not let yourself make energy prescriptions based only on economic (cost/benefit) and engineering analyses.
TL;DR: In this article, an attempt has been made to develop a model for a multilevel integrated production-inventory system, where service times are available at each of the stock points.
Abstract: In this paper an attempt has been made to develop a model for a multilevel integrated production-inventory system, where service times are available at each of the stock points. An ‘ order upto ’ policy is adopted, so that the replenishment order quantity at the beginning of any period is adjusted by the total ‘ inventory discrepancy ’. The total cost of the system consists of inventory carrying costs at the various stock points, and the cost of failure to meet the demands experienced at the end-item stock points. The service time for satisfying the demands for the end product shall be assumed to be exogenously determined. The service times made available at the various intermediate level stock points, including the stock point of raw materials, shall be endogenous variables. The outputs of the model would be to determine whether it is economical to maintain a particular stock point, the economical quantities of stocks to be maintained at permanent stock points, the reliability of the system, and the most...