Showing papers by "Indian Institute of Management Ahmedabad published in 1992"
TL;DR: In this paper, a framework that distinguishes between managerial "skills" and "competencies" along several dimensions such as specific-generic, task driven-person driven, and transferable non-transferable is suggested as a possible alternative mode of conceptualization.
Abstract: The diverse nature of the prevailing conceptualizations of skills required for successful managerial performance hinders our understanding of the phenomenon. This paper examines the limitations to our understanding of the nature of managerial skills based on the analysis of managerial jobs that are often non-routine, unprogrammed, and ill-structured. A framework that distinguishes between managerial "skills" and "competencies" along several dimensions such as specific-generic, task driven-person driven, and transferable non-transferable is suggested as a possible alternative mode of conceptualization. Competencies representing fundamental generic cognitive characteristics are viewed as managerial resourcefulness. Integrating research from the fields of cognitive, clinical, personality, and social psychology, the paper identifies and explicates various components of resourcefulness which have implications for selection and training of managers. Developing appropriate operationalization, assessment, and tra...
162 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the authors present an efficient algorithm for generating exact permutational distributions for linear rank statistics defined on stratified 2 × c contingency tables, which can compute exact p values and confidence intervals for a rich class of nonparametric problems.
Abstract: We present an efficient algorithm for generating exact permutational distributions for linear rank statistics defined on stratified 2 × c contingency tables. The algorithm can compute exact p values and confidence intervals for a rich class of nonparametric problems. These include exact p values for stratified two-population Wilcoxon, Logrank, and Van der Waerden tests, exact p values for stratified tests of trend across several binomial populations, exact p values for stratified permutation tests with arbitrary scores, and exact confidence intervals for odds ratios embedded in stratified 2 × c tables. The algorithm uses network-based recursions to generate stratum-specific distributions and then combines them into an overall permutation distribution by convolution. Where only the tail area of a permutation distribution is desired, additional efficiency gains are achieved by backward induction and branch-and-bound processing of the network. The algorithm is especially efficient for highly imbalan...
57 citations
TL;DR: Case data of a timetabling problem have been analysed and the special characteristics of the problem are the highly dense conflict matrix and the computer used in aiding the decision maker to arrive at a desirable timetable.
45 citations
TL;DR: The authors characterizes priors under which the Bayesian and frequentist Bartlett corrections for the likelihood ratio and the conditional likelihood ratio (CLR) statistics differ by o(1) and shows that, except for sample points with negligible probability, the CLR statistic has a posterior distribution for which a posterior Bartlett correction exists.
Abstract: SUMMARY This paper characterizes priors under which the Bayesian and frequentist Bartlett corrections for the likelihood ratio and the conditional likelihood ratio (CLR) statistics differ by o(1). It is seen that, except for sample points with negligible probability, the CLR statistic has a posterior distribution for which a posterior Bartlett correction exists. This observation leads to an alternative proof of the existence of a frequentist Bartlett correction for the CLR statistic.
35 citations
TL;DR: In this article, an attempt has been made to critically examine the management education in India and identify the factors hindering its effectiveness, including lack of clarity regarding the expected outcome of themanagement education programme, discipline orientation and ivory tower approach of the academicians, lack of involvement by practitioners in the industry and bias towards conceptual learning are some of the factors hampering the effectiveness of Indian management education.
Abstract: In this paper, an attempt has been made to critically examine the management education in India and identify the factors hindering its effectiveness. According to the author, lack of clarity regarding the expected outcome of themanagement education programme, discipline-orientation and ivory-tower approach of the academicians, lack of involvement by practitioners in the industry and bias towards conceptual learning are some of the factors hampering the effectiveness of the Indian management education. He gives general suggestions for enhancing^ the effectiveness of Indian management education including: a) shifting the focus of programmes from conceptual learning to skill development, attitude change and value classification; b) acquiring a faculty having a greater practical orientation and an interdisciplinary approach; c) establishing greater collaboration between the management institutions and the industry with regard to the design and contact of management education programme's and research; and gradually discontinuing the government financing of management institutions and encouraging these institutions to generate funds from the industry and the market.
31 citations
TL;DR: An optimization-based DSS is designed and implemented to facilitate operational planning of passenger trains on Indian Railways and can be used to replenish spare stock or to form new trains to provide new services to meet the ever increasing demand of passenger traffic.
Abstract: We designed, developed, and implemented an optimization-based DSS to facilitate operational planning of passenger trains on Indian Railways. Implementing our DSS in an organization that has 1.6 million regular employees was very frustrating, and success did not come easily. Two zonal railways have already implemented the DSS, and both report many direct and indirect benefits. Another railway has used our model to analyze its operations, but implementation is pending. The passenger cars and locomotives saved by our model can be used to replenish spare stock or to form new trains to provide new services to meet the ever increasing demand of passenger traffic.
20 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the power functions of the conditional and the usual versions of the likelihood ratio (LR), Rao's and Wald's tests were compared under contiguous alternatives and orthogonal parametrization.
Abstract: This paper considers, in the presence of a nuisance parameter, a very large class of tests that includes the conditional and the usual versions of the likelihood ratio (LR), Rao’s and Wald’s tests. Under contiguous alternatives and orthogonal parametrization, the power functions of the conditional and the usual versions of these tests have been compared and, in particular, it is seen that the power functions of the conditional versions, unlike those of the usual versions, are identical, up to the second-order, with the power functions of the corresponding tests with known nuisance parameter. An optimality property of the conditional LR test, in terms of second-order local maximinity, has been established. A test, optimal in the sense of third-order average power under contiguous alternatives, has been proposed. A weaker optimality property of Rao’s test, in terms of third-order average power, has also been indicated.
18 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the authors discuss the utility and appropriateness of the urban functions in rural development approach and the location-allocation model in the context of actual planning processes and some of the major research efforts in India.
Abstract: In an earlier symposium on location analysis and rural economic development, the debate focused on two commonly advocated methodologies of planning the locations of services and infrastructural facilities in rural areas in developing countries: the urban functions in rural development approach and the location-allocation model. This article discusses the utility and appropriateness of the two methodologies in the context of actual planning processes and some of the major research efforts in India.
16 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors give a brief outline about the policies and procedures adopted for foreign investments in India since independence, they also give an evaluation of the foreign investments during 1948, nature of repatriation during 1986-87, and the impact of such FTZs are also briefly given.
Abstract: This article tries to give a brief outline about the policies and procedures adopted for foreign investments in India since independence.Section I gives the nature of policies and instruments used to contain foreign investment. It also gives an evaluation of the foreign investments during 1948, nature of repatriation during 1986-87. Besides the other policy of export promotion where India has created Free Trade Zones allowing foreign investments full freedom. The impact of such FTZs are also briefly given.Section II gives the brief description of New Economic Policy as announced in July 1991 and the approval procedures adopted. The results during August 91-92 is given.Section III tries to give a comparative position of agencies involved and the various conditions imposed in few of the developing countries. This gives a comparative view between Indian policy and other countries. It highlights the role of foreign investments in the development of Jiangsu rovince in China.Section IV briefly touches on India's direct investment abroad.
13 citations
01 Jan 1992
13 citations
TL;DR: In this article, a simple Bartlett-type modification has been obtained for Rao's efficient score statistic in the presence of a nuisance parameter, and the use of parametric orthogonality has been helpful in the derivation.
TL;DR: In this paper, a macro-level energy model and its application to energy planning for three states in India is presented, namely, Gujarat, Kerala and Rajasthan, in conjunction with energy modelling at the national level, the Advisory Board on Energy of the government of India, envisages regional energy planning to capture regional specificities in the energy demand-supply structure.
01 Apr 1992
TL;DR: In this article, the authors made an attempt to assess the quality of credit rating function performed by CRISIL (Credit Rating and Information Services of India Ltd.). With this objective, the paper addresse...
Abstract: This paper makes an attempt to assess the quality of credit rating function being performed by CRISIL (Credit Rating and Information Services of India Ltd.). With this objective, the paper addresse...
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors present a model of management resistance to takeover bids in which there is both a managershareholder conflict of interest due to perquisite consumption and information asymmetry.
Abstract: This paper presents a model of management resistance to takeover bids in which there is both a managershareholder conflict of interest due to perquisite consumption and information asymmetry. The optimal response of shareholders to such resistance is then analysed. The paper highlights the role of information asymmetry and perquisite consumption in explaining the empirical evidence on takeovers and the institutional features of golden parachutes and greenmail.
01 Apr 1992
TL;DR: Bhatnagar et al. as discussed by the authors presented a study on political behavior as an organizational phenomenon and found that most studies approach it in a segmented fashion, and this paper is an atte...
Abstract: Although political behaviour as an organizational phenomenon has started attracting considerable research, most studies approach it in a segmented fashion. This paper by Deepti Bhatnagar is an atte...
TL;DR: The theoretical basis and some of the design issues for a system to aid the visualization of the graphical output from a modelling process, which introduces new and powerful image composition techniques as opposed to providing geometric primitives are presented.
01 Jul 1992
TL;DR: In this article, Ashok Aggarwal and Durga Prasad attempt to explore productivity of labour from the viewpoint of labour markets using two different measures of labour productivity, it has been argued that both measures should give similar results if labour markets were perfect.
Abstract: Labour productivity studies have largely focused on the product markets. The issues relating to organization and operations of the factor markets have largely been ignored. This study by Ashok Aggarwal and Durga Prasad attempts to explore productivity of labour from the viewpoint of labour markets. Using two different measures of labour productivity, it has been argued that both measures should give similar results if labour markets were perfect. The closer the relationship, the lower the imperfections.
TL;DR: This paper argues that the lack of a similar peripheral vision is perhaps the single gravest deficiency in computer graphics today, and develops a mapping technique which simulates this peripheral vision, and thereby makes computer graphics truly powerful and versatile.
TL;DR: A cursory survey of the literature on the subject reveals two related yet distinct approaches as discussed by the authors : the first consists in the view -popular among the reformers in Central Europe and the CIS as well as those in the West -that an immediate transition to a market economy is an indispensible requirement for the eventual success of the projected transformation.
Abstract: The virtually bloodless revolutions of 1989 in Eastern Europe have understandably given rise to a rich complex spectrum of controversy and debate among reformers and specialists in both East and West on the problems and prospects surrounding the ability of these economies to make a successful transition from the distorted legacy of state/socialism to an economy that is steered in the main by the market mechanism. A cursory survey of the literature on the subject reveals two related yet distinct approaches. The first consists in the view - popular among the reformers in Central Europe and the CIS as well as those in the West - than an immediate transition to a market economy is an indispensible requirement for the eventual success of the projected transformation. This transition must not be gradual or evolutionary, but must simultaneously be carried out here and now (Leontief, 1990). While the other view - hardly fashionable on either side - consists in emphasizing the precarious and unique nature of the enterprise and insists that there are clearly defined limits to what markets can or cannot accomplish (Aage, 1992) . An uncritical hasty adoption of policies geared towards drastic systemic change must first of all reckon with the historical specificities of the conjuncture in which the East European countries find themselves in before designing strategies to accomplish the transition.
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors present a summary of relevant literature in the field of export market strategy under three headings: triggering of internationalization, Psychic distance, and commitment, which have been studied under three dimensions, namely, need uncertainty, market uncertainty and transaction uncertainty.
Abstract: This paper presents a summary of relevant literature in the field of export market strategy. The author studies export market strategy under three headings.Under Determinants of Export Activity the author discusses Triggering of Internationalization, Psychic distance and Commitment.Under Marketing strategies: Interaction System, the author discusses three types of situations where the buyer and seller have to interact continuously and seller-buyer stability.Finally, the author discusses the influence tactics used in buyer-seller relations which have been studied under three dimensions, namely, need uncertainty, market uncertainty and transaction uncertainty.
TL;DR: A mixed-network architecture that consists partly of expert-system and partly of hybrid neural net independently is proposed to justify the need for such a mixed approach at appropriate places.
Abstract: In this paper, the authors analyze the loan evaluation problem in India. They give a hierarchical decomposition of this problem which facilitates a functional fit of suitable architectures. After motivating the need for a neural approach, they propose a mixed-network architecture that consists partly of expert-system and partly of hybrid neural net independently and justify the need for such a mixed approach at appropriate places.
01 Jul 1992
TL;DR: This article addresses the issue of distinct trends and patterns of industrial conflicts in India in the past two decades and discusses the emerging trends based on an analysis of considerable data.
Abstract: What are the distinct trends and patterns of industrial conflicts in India in the past two decades? This article by Verma and Kumar addresses this issue and discusses the emerging trends based on an analysis of considerable data.
TL;DR: In this article, the demand for tea in the domestic as well as international market is analyzed. And strategies have been suggested for domestic and export marketing based on this analysis, where the export potential for tea is analyzed region wise for several groups of countries.
Abstract: The Indian Tea Industry is facing a crisis in the context of the collapse of USSR, who were the major buyers of Indian Tea. This paper analyses the demand for tea in the domestic as well as international market. The export potential for tea is analyzed region wise for several groups of countries. Similarly, the domestic demand is also analyzed in terms of packaged and loose tea. Based on this analysis, strategies have been suggested for domestic and export marketing.
TL;DR: The first service advertisement appeared in the newspapers in the form of classified advertisements of passages to Europe, particularly England, on the front page of The Bombay Times and Journal of Commerce on Saturday, November 3, 1838 as mentioned in this paper.
Abstract: Advertising is, perhaps, as old as civilization. It has always been there in some form or other, in the ancient days the advertisers paraded down the road making announcements on the beats of drum. They are still seen mainly in village markets. Technology has helped them also. Instead of hiring a drum-beater, they use blaring speakers that send out recorded messages. The medicine men were to follow and demonstrate their medicines. The print medium gave a canvass to the advertisers. The first service advertisement, perhaps, came from the entertainers - the theatricals. It has come a long way since then to achieve a status of presenting a wide range of services. The first service advertisement that appeared in the newspapers was in the form of classified advertisements of passages to Europe, particularly England. It appeared on the front page of The Bombay Times and Journal of Commerce on Saturday, November 3, 1838. The first formal advertisement appeared in 1840. It was an ad of Amateur Theatricals. a chronological development of Service Advertisements since then is presented in table-1. A look at the advertisements tells the story of the development of advertisements with regards to base used for positioning and copy layout. The present paper is an attempt in this direction.
TL;DR: An overview of the strategic decision making for cotton yarn export in the Indian context is given and a knowledge-based system's design is proposed for this domain using an Object-Oriented approach giving necessary justification.
Abstract: This paper gives an overview of the strategic decision making for cotton yarn export in the Indian context. Furthermore, a knowledge-based system's design is proposed for this domain using an Object-Oriented approach giving necessary justification.
TL;DR: A short review of the changes it has effected in foreign collaborations, foreign trade and public sector divestment is given in this paper, where the QR (Quantitative Restrictions) policy was introduced in 1991.
Abstract: The new economic policy was introduced in 1991. A short review of the changes it has effected in foreign collaborations, foreign trade and public sector divestment is given. This is contrasted with the QR (Quantitative Restrictions) policy formerly adopted by India for 40 years. This enables one to get a historical perspective.
TL;DR: In this paper, two-and multi-stage procedures for selecting the most reliable Weibull population with unknown scale parameters were considered. And explicit comparisons were made between two and single stage procedures.