Indian Institute of Management Ahmedabad

About: Indian Institute of Management Ahmedabad is a education organization based out in Ahmedabad, India. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Emerging markets & Population. The organization has 1828 authors who have published 4011 publications receiving 59269 citations. The organization is also known as: IIMA & IIM Ahmedabad.

The United Nations Convention Against Corruption: A Critical Overview

Abstract: Corruption is a global problem which poses serious threat to the development of a country and its people. States, developed or developing, are equal victims of this problem. Corruption, apart from affecting the public at large, also causes reduced investment, lack of respect for the rule of law and human rights, undemocratic practices and diversion of funds intended for development and essential services, affects government's ability to provide basic services to its citizens. Most importantly, corruption has the greatest impact on the most vulnerable part of a country's population, the poor. Further, corruption today has become one of the most salient manifestations of the organized crime syndicate of the globalized world, which has grave national and international ramifications. Establishing a legal framework to combat corruption at the national and international levels is not an easy task. While many States have already embarked upon a national strategy to deal with corruption, and criminalized it when committed domestically, there is no uniformity in approach taken by these countries. Further, the issue of corruption as a transnational crime poses many challenges. The different legal systems do not have the same notion about establishing "criminality" regarding corruption as a crime. The lack of effective cooperation in sharing of information and investigation, the complications in judicial assistance, bank secrecy regulations etc., are just few examples which pose problems of great magnitude. As causes of corruption differ from one country to another, and preventive, enforcement and prosecutorial measures that work in some countries may not work in others, the United Nations, an organization with universal membership and a global mandate, is ideally positioned to deal with global challenges. It was in this context that the States mandated the UN Office for Drugs and Crime (ODC) through the UN General Assembly to establish an Ad Hoc Committee to negotiate a comprehensive United Nations Convention against Corruption, which was finalized and adopted in 2003. The Convention came into force on 14 December 2005, when it attained thirty ratifications. The United Nations Convention against Corruption 2003 is now the most important anti-corruption instrument with global scope of application. The UNCAC obligates Member States to undertake certain obligations and common standards, which need to be implemented or incorporated into their respective domestic legal systems. Most of the obligations require State Parties to enact new laws or incorporate/amend the existing laws. To achieve this, the Convention attempts to set certain minimum standards, which could be used by the States within their domestic legal system and in international cooperation. This paper attempts to provide a critical overview of the UN Convention against Corruption, with a comparative analysis of the other regional anti-corruption instruments.

An overlapping community detection algorithm based on rough clustering of links

Abstract: The growth of networks is prevalent in almost every field due to the digital transformation of consumers, business and society at large. The unfolding of community structure in such real-world complex networks is crucial since it aids in gaining strategic insights leading to informed decisions. Moreover, the co-occurrence of disjoint, overlapping and nested community patterns in such networks demands methodologically rigorous community detection algorithms so as to foster cumulative tradition in data and knowledge engineering. In this paper, we introduce an algorithm for overlapping community detection based on granular information of links and concepts of rough set theory. First, neighborhood links around each pair of nodes are utilized to form initial link subsets. Subsequently, constrained linkage upper approximation of the link subsets is computed iteratively until convergence. The upper approximation subsets obtained during each iteration are constrained and merged using the notion of mutual link reciprocity. The experimental results on ten real-world networks and comparative evaluation with state-of-the-art community detection algorithms demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm.

An Integration Theoretical Analysis of Expected Job Attractiveness and Satisfaction

Abstract: Two experiments were performed to study judgment about jobs, using the method of information integration theory. Prospective job seekers rated hypothetical job descriptions according to (a) how much they would like to accept the job, and (b) how satisfied they would feel with the job of that kind. Job descriptions were constructed using two kinds of information: Context (e.g., pay, working conditions) and Content (e.g., achievement, work itself) in a two-factor design. Judgments of liking and expected satisfaction ratings both showed near-parallelism, though a small nonadditive component was also present. The averaging model was able to account for both the additive and nonadditive patterns, whereas the adding rule and the multiplying rule could not. A practical implication of the averaging rule is that adding a minor fringe benefit, positive in itself, may actually decrease job satisfaction and attraction.

Cutting the Climate-Development Gordian Knot - Economic options in a politically constrained world

Abstract: Climate policies must deal with a contradiction generic to global environment policies: as was recognized as early as in 1972 at the UN conference on Human Environment at Stockholm, the participation of developing countries is essential. The current emissions of developing countries are also significant. If the trend continues, the future share of global emissions from developing countries will be even larger. However, developing countries do not yet see the need to cooperate because they perceive environmental issues to be a form of Malthusianism. Thus, despite repeated calls for sustainable development at Rio (1992), the negotiations for framing a climate regime have remained disengaged from the debates on how to embark on sound development paths, thus tying a Gordian knot through a succession of misunderstandings. This unhappy turn in policy talks is all the more grave as the timing of the climate change issue is inopportune for developing countries. The increasing attention to the climate change phenomenon has coincided with a period in which many developing countries are experiencing rapid economic growth and in which global power equations are changing (military power, globalization of world markets, and control over natural resources). No sword of a present-day Alexander can cut this knot tied by history. The aim of this chapter is to pick out the threads that, when pulled, may untie the knot.