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Showing papers by "Indian Institute of Management Bangalore published in 2012"


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the authors study how domestic supplier firms may adapt and continue to perform, as market liberalization progresses, through catch-up strategies aimed at integrating with the industry's global value chain.
Abstract: Market liberalization in emerging-market economies and the entry of multinational firms spur significant changes to the industry/institutional environment faced by domestic firms. Prior studies have described how such changes tend to be disruptive to the relatively backward domestic firms, and negatively affect their performance and survival prospects. In this paper, we study how domestic supplier firms may adapt and continue to perform, as market liberalization progresses, through catch-up strategies aimed at integrating with the industry's global value chain. Drawing on internalization theory and the literatures on upgrading and catch-up processes, learning and relational networks, we hypothesize that, for continued performance, domestic supplier firms need to adapt their strategies from catching up initially through technology licensing/collaborations and joint ventures with multinational enterprises (MNEs) to also developing strong customer relationships with downstream firms (especially MNEs). Further, we propose that successful catch-up through these two strategies lays the foundation for a strategy of knowledge creation during the integration of domestic industry with the global value chain. Our analysis of data from the auto components industry in India during the period 1992–2002, that is, the decade since liberalization began in 1991, offers support for our hypotheses.

338 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors developed a model for upstream supply chain risk management linking risk identification, risk assessment and risk mitigation to risk performance and validate the model empirically, and the effect of a continuous improvement process on identification, assessment, and mitigation is also modeled.
Abstract: Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to develop a model for upstream supply chain risk management linking risk identification, risk assessment and risk mitigation to risk performance and validate the model empirically. The effect of a continuous improvement process on identification, assessment, and mitigation is also modeled.

226 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The authors discusses the challenges of multi-generations in the Indian workforce, their impact on leadership styles and managerial practices, and the task of building inter-generational collaboration with an eminent panel of practitioners and researchers.
Abstract: Organisations the world over in today's rapid growth context are faced with the challenge of understanding a multi-generational workforce and devising policies and processes to build collaboration between them. In its first part, this article synthesises the literature on generational studies, with emphasis on the definition of generations and the characteristics of the generational cohorts. It emphasises that such studies are embedded in the socio-economic-cultural-context and India-specific scholarship must take into account the demographic and economic variations across the country. It then discusses the challenges of multi-generations in the Indian workforce, their impact on leadership styles and managerial practices, and the task of building inter-generational collaboration with an eminent panel of practitioners and researchers.

104 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, a qualitative inquiry into the cultural-cognitive legitimation of Indian software services firms in the United States over the course of two decades was carried out to identify five core legitimation dynamics that explain how DMNCs respond to the aforesaid challenges and acquire legitimacy in developed country markets.
Abstract: The emergence of developing country multinational companies (DMNCs) provides us an opportunity to redress the neglect of the process of cross-border legitimation. We argue that DMNCs face three challenges to legitimation in developed country markets—liability of foreignness, liabilities of origin, and liability of advantage. By means of a qualitative inquiry into the cultural-cognitive legitimation of Indian software services firms in the United States over the course of two decades, we identify five core legitimation dynamics that explain how DMNCs respond to the aforesaid challenges and acquire legitimacy in developed country markets. Our study suggests that global strategy is not merely about deploying competitive advantage, but is also about overcoming competitive disadvantage as reflected, say, in the absence of host country legitimacy.

95 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, a brief overview of corporate governance in India is provided, including a description of Indian contextual differences (as compared to the U.S. and elsewhere) and a discussion of the major events contributing to the evolution of India's corporate governance/accounting/auditing practices since economic deregulation in 1991.
Abstract: SYNOPSIS: We provide a brief overview of corporate governance in India, including a description of Indian contextual differences (as compared to the U.S. and elsewhere) and a discussion of the major events contributing to the evolution of India's corporate governance/accounting/auditing practices since economic deregulation in 1991. We also offer an agenda for future research on important Indian governance/accounting/auditing issues, and briefly address accounting practice implications.

92 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors explored the impact of constructive, critical feedback on organizational citizenship behavior (OCB) intentions and job satisfaction and found that employees whose supervisors used constructive feedback felt more respected by their supervisors and perceived greater opportunities for advancement within the organization.
Abstract: Organizational experts have long touted the importance of delivering negative performance feedback in a manner that enhances employee receptivity to feedback, yet the broader impacts of constructive feedback have received relatively little attention. The present investigation explored the impact of constructive, critical feedback on organizational citizenship behavior (OCB) intentions and job satisfaction. A demographically diverse sample of 128 employees drawn from a variety of organizations completed a survey online. Employees whose supervisors used constructive feedback felt more respected by their supervisors and perceived greater opportunities for advancement within the organization. These variables, in turn, predicted better mood at work, greater job satisfaction, and stronger OCB intentions. The present findings highlight the importance of delivering performance feedback in a manner that emphasizes problematic behaviors over personal weaknesses and makes clear reference to standards and strategies for improvement. Implications for managerial training and human resource development are discussed.

87 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: It is argued that a focus on the middle groups in a multi-dimensional socioeconomic ordering can provide valuable insights into how different axes of advantage and disadvantage intersect with each other.

80 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: A ranking-based consumer choice model is used to represent consumer preferences: every customer has a ranking of the potential products in the category and purchases his highest ranked product (if any) offered in the assortment.
Abstract: A retailer's product selection decisions are largely driven by her assumptions on how consumers make choices. We use a ranking-based consumer choice model to represent consumer preferences: every customer has a ranking of the potential products in the category and purchases his highest ranked product (if any) offered in the assortment. We consider four practically motivated special cases of this model, namely, the one-way substitution, the locational choice, the outtree, and the intree preference models, and we study the retailer's product selection problem when products have different price and cost parameters. We assume that the retailer incurs a fixed carrying cost per product offered, a goodwill penalty for each customer who does not purchase his first choice and a lost sale penalty for each customer who does not find an acceptable product to buy. For the first three models, we obtain efficient solution methods that simplify to either a shortest path method or a dynamic program. For the fourth model, we construct an effective algorithm and show numerically that, in practice, it is much faster than enumeration. We also obtain valuable insights on the structure of the optimal assortment.

78 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors identify several human resource management challenges: managing human resources in globally distributed team, shortage of software professionals having sufficient knowledge and competencies, low-skilled nature of the work, lack of well-developed HR systems and processes, high employee turnover, and lack of work-life balance, and the problems associated with the use of contract employees.

75 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the authors explore Indian online shopping via the concept of shopping orientations and find that the value singularity segment is not the pioneer online shopper in India, compared with the early online shoppers in the USA who were often motivated by price.
Abstract: Purpose – This study aims to explore Indian online shopping via the concept of shopping orientations.Design/methodology/approach – Surveys were collected from 536 consumer panel members. Online shopping segments were identified by using a two‐step process that clustered respondents in terms of the similarity of their scores across four shopping orientations.Findings – Three segments were identified: value singularity, quality at any price, and reputation/recreation. The quality at any price and reputation/recreation segments were the predominant online shoppers. Although their orientations toward shopping differed, their behaviour, web site attribute ratings, and demographics were very similar except for occupation (managerial versus clerical, respectively). The finding that the value singularity segment is not the pioneer online shopper in India contrasts with the early online shoppers in the USA, who were often motivated by price.Research limitations/implications – This is the first empirical study to u...

71 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors examined how heterogeneity among business groups influence the corporate diversification-firm performance relationship and found some evidence that for firms affiliated to larger business groups, diversification enhances firm performance However, business group diversity does not influence the diversification performance relationship.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors empirically validate the underlying mechanisms by which consumers develop trust in service providers and investigate the impact of consumer's perceptions of trustworthiness and trust on their loyalty intentions.
Abstract: Purpose – The objective of this research is to empirically validate the underlying mechanisms by which consumers develop trust in service providers and investigate the impact of consumer's perceptions of trustworthiness and trust on their loyalty intentions. It also aims to study the differential impact of consumers' trustworthiness beliefs on two distinct aspects of a service, namely the front line employees (FLEs) and management policies and practices (MPPs).Design/methodology/approach – The paper proposes and empirically validates a parsimonious but multidimensional and multifaceted model of consumer's trustworthiness beliefs, trust and loyalty intentions. Retail banking services in India provide the setting for the study. The analysis was conducted using structural equation modeling.Findings – The results support a multidimensional and multifaceted model linking the influence of consumers' trustworthiness beliefs related to the competence, benevolence and problem solving orientation of FLEs and MPPs o...

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors examine the causes and consequences of churn in technology entrepreneurs' (ego) core personal networks and find that entrepreneurs whose networking actions involve establishing greater interpersonal knowledge when interacting with strangers or relationally embedding ties with existing alters experience lesser network churn.
Abstract: This study examines the causes and consequences of churn in technology entrepreneurs’ (ego) core personal networks. Churn refers to the change in the composition of an entrepreneur’s core personal network due to the entry of new network contacts (alters) or exit of existing network contacts. We draw on recent research describing networking styles to examine how a focal entrepreneur’s networking actions affects churn in his/her core personal network and thereby increases his/her venture’s portfolio of exchange partners. We find that entrepreneurs whose networking actions involve establishing greater interpersonal knowledge when interacting with strangers or relationally embedding ties with existing alters experience lesser network churn. In contrast, entrepreneurs whose networking actions involved greater time pacing of interactions with existing alters experienced greater network churn. The longitudinal empirical analysis on a sample of Indian high technology entrepreneurs operating businessto-business ventures provides support for our theoretical framework. We contribute to the entrepreneurial networks literature by systematically examining the dynamics of technology entrepreneurs’ core personal networks and their venture-level consequences. Copyright © 2012 Strategic Management Society.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the remarkable persistence of remittance-based migrations in India across the twentieth century is discussed, highlighting the importance of social networks and deep rooted migration cultures influenced by source region conditions, in explaining migration persistence.
Abstract: This paper shows the remarkable persistence of remittance-based migrations in India across the twentieth century. Drawing on recent national survey data and unique census data at the district level, we show that for regions covering 20% of the population of India, poor and rich, mobility has been persistently high in magnitude and has been male-dominated, remittance-based and circular in nature for well over a 100 years. This paper highlights the importance of social networks and deep rooted migration cultures influenced by source region conditions, in explaining migration persistence, and argues that remittance economies constitute a unique model of development that needs to be judged separately from other development models.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors take stock of Indian management research in this round table discussion and debate some of the relevant issues, and make a case for confident indigenous scholarship to suit the development and educational requirements of the country, following context-relevant constructs and methodologies in research and developing curricula, materials and modes of dissemination independently.
Abstract: Concerned over the lack of high quality, context specific management research in India, and the predilection of Indian researchers to follow Western models of research and publication blindly, the authors take stock of Indian management research in this round table discussion and debate some of the relevant issues. Urging Indian researchers to strive for the levels of rigour of the Western models, they make a case for confident indigenous scholarship to suit the development and educational requirements of the country, following context-relevant constructs and methodologies in research and developing curricula, materials and modes of dissemination independently. These ideas were also explored at the second Indian Academy of Management Conference held at IIM Bangalore in December 2011.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: It is argued that sustainability of these centers can be enhanced considerably if government services are embedded and designing these telecenters with embedded G2C services would significantly improve effectiveness of their delivery and strengthen government information network, to foster inclusive growth.

Journal ArticleDOI
18 Jun 2012
TL;DR: The authors suggest that these laws may have perverse impacts on the electoral system: they tend to drive campaign expenditure underground and foster a reliance on unaccounted funds or "black money" which tends to lead to an adverse selection system, in which those willing and able to work with black money dominate politics.
Abstract: Competitive political parties and election campaigns are central to the health of democracies. Parties and campaigns require significant resources to be effective. India has developed complex election expenditure, political party funding, and reporting and disclosure laws. We suggest that these laws may have perverse impacts on the electoral system: they tend to drive campaign expenditure underground and foster a reliance on unaccounted funds or “black money.” This tends to lead to an adverse selection system, in which those willing and able to work with black money dominate politics. We conclude with some possible remedies, including partial state financing of political parties, that might restore the health of India's electoral system.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the authors track the dividend initiation (DI) decisions from a sample of 6,588 firms that went public during the period 1979-2005 and find that 873 of them initiated dividends.
Abstract: We track the dividend initiation (DI) decisions from a sample of 6,588 firms that went public during the period 1979–2005 and find that 873 of them initiated dividends. Our primary objective is to determine whether information signaling can explain the DI decision. We find that variables suggested by the dividend-signaling models of John and Williams (1985) and Allen, Bernardo, and Welch (2000) are significant determinants of the DI decision and the associated announcement-period stock price effect. We also find support for the residual, agency, tax, clientele, transaction costs, catering, and life-cycle explanations of dividend policy.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, three sources of customer knowledge are identified in the retail environment, namely customer transactions, customer interactions and customer communities of practice, and a decision model premised on consumer behaviour and purchase characteristics is proposed.
Abstract: Customer knowledge can be a critical source of competitive advantage in retail business. In this theoretical paper, three sources of customer knowledge are identified in the retail environment, namely customer transactions, customer interactions and customer communities of practice. Lessons for managing these three types of knowledge are derived from knowledge management practices of knowledge intensive service industries such as management consulting and software development. Finally, a decision model premised on consumer behaviour and purchase characteristics is proposed. The model would enable retailers to focus their knowledge management efforts to leverage the potential of customer knowledge for both productivity benefits and product innovation.


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the authors outline how social network characteristics such as network density, multiplexity, cohesiveness, and homophily influence career advancement of individuals with a disability, and propose that human resource development professionals can engage in structured socialization programs, network audits, focused training, and the creation of an inclusive climate to ensure that social networks do not pose a deterrent to career advancement.
Abstract: Although organizational social networks are known to influence career mobility, the specific direction of this influence is different for diverse employee groups. Diversity in organizational network research has been operationalized on various dimensions such as race and ethnicity, age, religion, education, occupation, and gender. Missing in this stream of research are application and implications of social networks as they influence career advancement of people with disabilities. The objective of this conceptual article is to outline how social network characteristics such as network density, multiplexity, cohesiveness, and homophily influence career advancement of individuals with a disability. The author concludes by proposing that human resource development professionals can engage in structured socialization programs, network audits, focused training, and the creation of an inclusive climate to ensure that social networks do not pose a deterrent to career advancement of minorities such as people with...

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The value of the ergodic payoff criterion is a constant multiple of the maximal eigenvalue of the generators of the associated nonlinear semigroups of the Hamilton--Jacobi--Isaacs equations.
Abstract: We study zero-sum risk-sensitive stochastic differential games on the infinite horizon with discounted and ergodic payoff criteria. Under certain assumptions, we establish the existence of values and saddle-point equilibria. We obtain our results by studying the corresponding Hamilton--Jacobi--Isaacs equations. Finally, we show that the value of the ergodic payoff criterion is a constant multiple of the maximal eigenvalue of the generators of the associated nonlinear semigroups.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors examined reasons why social influence is a key factor in job choice decisions of relatively young job seekers and found that respondents did not see themselves as acting based on social influence as much as they perceived others around them to be.
Abstract: Purpose – Past research has largely portrayed job choice as a relatively rational and goal‐directed behavior where applicants make decisions contingent on organizational recruitment activities, or evaluations of job and organizational attributes. Research now informs us that job choice decisions may also be based on social comparisons and social influence. The purpose of this paper is to add to this body of knowledge by examining reasons why social influence is a key factor in job choice decisions of relatively young job seekers.Design/methodology/approach – The study is based on in‐depth interview data from graduating seniors at an elite business school in India.Findings – Respondents did not see themselves as acting based on social influence as much as they perceived others around them to be. Reasons they noted for others’ socially influenced job choice decisions were: peers and seniors are seen as more accessible and trustworthy than organizations; organizations do not share all and/or objective data, ...


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors examined the historical and socio-economic characteristics of one important Indian diaspora community, the Punjabis in the UK and discussed the latter's contributions to India and to its home state of Punjab.
Abstract: The recognition of diaspora contributions towards their home country through remittances, investments and networks has facilitated a shift in attitude and thinking regarding migration, from brain drain to “brain bank”, “brain gain”, “brain trust” and “brain circulation”. This shift in thinking is also evident in India in recognition of the manifold contributions being made by the Indian diaspora to the home country. This paper examines the historical and socio-economic characteristics of one important Indian diaspora community, the Punjabis in the UK and discusses the latter’s contributions to India and to its home state of Punjab. The evidence reveals that the NRI Punjabi diaspora in the UK is quite old, dating back to the colonial period. It is a heterogeneous community, divided by castes and sub-castes which influence the institutions through which its subgroups engage with the homeland. The secondary and primary evidence collected for this study indicate a wide variety of contributions - economic, social, philanthropic, cultural and political. Some of the main sectors of contribution are health, education and rural infrastructure. However, the evidence also reveals that there is much greater potential for diaspora engagement and that large scale investments by the diaspora are deterred by corruption, an inefficient bureaucracy, lack of streamlined procedures and lack of supportive diaspora policies at the state and central levels. The study thus concludes that greater thrust is needed, especially at the state level to facilitate the Punjabi diaspora’s engagement with India and with its home regions and state.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors provide a framework of contextual factors that affect help seeking expectancies and behaviors of people with disabilities, drawing on theories from disciplines such as social, cognitive, and educational psychology.
Abstract: The objective of this article is to provide a framework of contextual factors that affect help seeking expectancies and behaviors of people with disabilities. In particular, drawing on theories from disciplines such as social, cognitive, and educational psychology, I outline work unit norms (i.e., dependence, inclusion) and coworker perceptions (i.e., similarity, fairness) that influence help seeking expectancies and behaviors of people with disabilities. I discuss theoretical extensions of the framework in terms of attributes of the person with a disability, effects of time, and the notion of an inclusionary environment for people with disabilities. Finally, I discuss implications for human resource development professionals.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: This paper develops strategic supply performance outcomes as an intermediate construct and investigates PSM's contribution to corporate performance through three performance levels in a multidimensional performance framework: supply performance drivers, strategic supplyperformance outcomes, and corporate performance outcomes.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the authors examined the value relevance of CFS in India through an empirical study and examined the relationship between market values and consolidated earnings and parent-only earnings and found that annual CFS are not value relevant, whereas annual parent•only financial statements are value relevant.
Abstract: Purpose – India is one of the few countries where companies are required to give both consolidated financial statements (CFS) as well as parent‐only financial statements. While parent‐only statements have been in existence for a long time, CFS was introduced recently. The purpose of this paper is to examine the value relevance of CFS in India.Design/methodology/approach – The value relevance of CFS is examined through an empirical study. The study examines the relationship between market values and consolidated earnings and parent‐only earnings is analysed. The study uses four years data of 59 companies whose subsidiary earnings are more than 20 per cent of consolidated revenue.Findings – Initial results show that annual CFS are not value relevant, whereas annual parent‐only financial statements are value relevant. However, wherever quarterly financial statements are available, CFC are found to be value relevant and parent‐only financial statements are not value relevant.Practical implications – While CFS...

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, it is recognized by policy-makers in most countries that SMEs need special help for their survival and growth and that such help was offered by way of facilitating the external environment. But such facilitation will be effective only if SMEs have the internal capabilities for taking advantage of the external facilitation.
Abstract: While small and medium sized enterprises (SMEs) are acknowledged by researchers and policy-makers alike as the major source of vitality in an economy, they are also found to be extremely vulnerable especially to the vagaries and turbulences of the external environment. It is therefore recognized by policy-makers in most countries that SMEs need special help for their survival and growth. Traditionally such help was offered by way of facilitating the external environment. Such facilitation will be effective only if the SMEs have the internal capabilities for taking advantage of the external facilitation. This is why the experiments with external facilitation have not met with much success especially in developing countries, where SMEs are inherently weaker than their counterparts in developed countries. Strengthening the internal capabilities of SMEs therefore has become a top priority nowadays and is positioned as an alternative or supplementary strategy for SME development. Training is recognized as an i...

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors analyzed the trends in student mobility from India to three important markets in Europe -the United Kingdom, Germany and France, and identified the constraints faced by Indian students studying in these countries and concluded with recommendations which, if implemented, can further facilitate the flow of Indian students going to Europe for higher education.
Abstract: One of the most significant changes in recent years has been an evolution in the role of education in the global arena. As education has increasingly assumed the role of a tradeable service, countries from all parts of the world have become active participants in the ongoing internationalization of higher education. One of the key outcomes of this process has been the phenomenal growth in international student mobility since 1998. A burgeoning industry which generates revenues of up to 90 billion dollars clearly spells strong financial incentives for participants of this industry. It also implies that factors influencing international student flows have serious implications for the providers as well as consumers of higher education abroad. This paper attempts to address the issue of student mobility between two key stakeholders - India and Europe. In particular, it analyses the trends in student mobility from India to three important markets in Europe – the United Kingdom, Germany and France. The paper identifies various factors which motivate Indian students to pursue higher education abroad, in addition to market features of the host countries which attract them. The paper also identifies the constraints faced by Indian students studying in these countries and concludes with recommendations which, if implemented, can further facilitate the flow of Indian students going to Europe for higher education.