Indian Institute of Technology Indore

About: Indian Institute of Technology Indore is a education organization based out in Indore, Madhya Pradesh, India. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Fading & Support vector machine. The organization has 1606 authors who have published 4803 publications receiving 66500 citations.

Early warning system using tilt sensors in Chibo, Kalimpong, Darjeeling Himalayas, India

Abstract: The Indian Himalayan regions have been significantly affected by the increase in the frequency of landslide occurrence. Thirty percentage of the worldwide landslide incidents occur in the Himalayan region with 42% of India’s landslide region belonging to Darjeeling–Sikkim Himalayas (NDMA Report, 2011). Several studies have been carried out worldwide on early warning systems considering rainfall history. Although rainfall is one of the criteria which can successfully predict the probability of landslides on a regional scale, it is indeed difficult to understand the risk associated with slope failure. The reason is the spatial variation of rainfall intensity, local soil conditions, geology, hydrology and topography. An early warning and monitoring system is one of the most effective techniques to minimise the disasters influenced by slope instability as it is less expensive and easier than slope reinforcement. A reliable and robust system fitted with microelectromechanical systems tilt sensor and volumetric water content sensors were installed. The sensor monitors the tilting angle of the instrument which was installed at shallow depths, and the variation of tilting angle corresponds to lateral displacement at slope surface. The primary objective was to monitor the tilting angles at various slope sites and to formulate a dependable warning system with a low probability of false alarms in Chibo Pashyor region in the Indian state of West Bengal. Such system would assist in the installation of several low-cost sensors over an active slope as it was difficult to determine the particular section of slope which could fail in the next heavy rainfall. The change in tilting rate would help in establishing thresholds determined empirically. Such system would help in developing an early warning system and also help in calibrating thresholds calculated using empirical techniques.

SARS-CoV-2, an Underestimated Pathogen of the Nervous System.

Abstract: Numerous clinical studies have reported neurological symptoms in COVID-19 patients since the spread of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), apart from the atypical signs of pneumonia. Angiotensin-converting enzyme-2 (ACE-2), a potential receptor for SARS-CoV-2 entry, is expressed on various brain cells and cerebral parts, i.e., subfornical organ, paraventricular nucleus, nucleus of the tractus solitarius, and rostral ventrolateral medulla, as well as in non-cardiovascular areas such as the motor cortex and raphe. The resident CNS cells like astrocytes and microglia also express ACE-2, thus highlighting the vulnerability of the nervous system to SARS-CoV-2 infection. Additionally, transmembrane serine protease 2 (TMPRSS2) and furin facilitate virus entry into the host. Besides, the probable routes of virus entry into the nervous system include the hematogenic pathway, through the vagus, the olfactory nerve, or the enteric nervous system. However, the trajectory of SARS-CoV-2 to the brain needs investigation. Furthermore, a Th17-mediated cytokine storm is seen in COVID-19 cases with higher levels of IL-1β/2/7/8/9/10/17, GM-CSF, IFN-γ, TNF-α, CXCL-10, MCP1, and MIP1α/β. Some cytokines can cross the blood-brain barrier and activate the brain's immune cells to produce neural cytokines, leading to neuronal dysfunctions. Nonetheless, most of the neurological conditions developed due to viral infections may not have effective and registered treatments. Although, some antivirals may inhibit the virus-mediated pathogenesis and prove to be suitable in COVID-19 treatment. Therefore, clinicians' and researchers' collective expertise may unravel the potential of SARS-CoV-2 infection to prevent short-term and long-term CNS damage.

Assessment of the impacts of climatic variability and anthropogenic stress on hydrologic resilience to warming shifts in Peninsular India

Abstract: Most parts of the world are witnessing climatic warming and the trend is expected to increase in the future It is important to assess the response of watershed hydrology to this warming Moreover, human interactions and climatic variability influence the water balance of a catchment We perform contribution analysis along with resilience study using Budyko framework and two parameters (dynamic deviation and modified elasticity), in-order to comprehend the involvement of anthropogenic stress and climatic variance on partitioning of precipitation and their relation with hydrologic resilience to warming shifts across 55 catchments in peninsular India Here, 23 catchments have displayed hydrologic resilience (low departure and high elasticity) to climatic warming shifts Only 3714% of anthropogenic dominated catchments (higher contribution from human activities in runoff changes) were found to be resilient whereas 5882% of climate dominated catchments had resilience attributes Most of the catchments on western and extreme southern part of India were not hydrologic resilient Extensive human interactions tend to depart the catchment from expected hydrological functioning under critical climatic conditions (Warming in our study) that lead to declining of hydrological resilience

Colorimetric and fluorimetric detection of fluoride and cyanide ions using tri and tetra coordinated boron containing chromophores

Abstract: Two organoboron based fluorophores pyrazabole 3 and BODIPY 4 have been designed and synthesized by the Pd-catalyzed Sonogashira cross-coupling reaction and successfully employed for fluoride and cyanide ion sensing. Pyrazabole 3 acts as a fluorimetric sensor, whereas BODIPY 4 acts as a fluorimetric as well as colorimetric sensor for fluoride and cyanide ions with ratiometric response. The photophysical properties of pyrazabole 3 and BODIPY 4 exhibit good electronic communication between triarylborane and pyrazabole/BODIPY. The single crystal X-ray structure of the pyrazabole 3 shows a chair conformation for the pyrazabole core. The packing in pyrazabole 3 and BODIPY 4 shows interesting supramolecular structures. The computational studies show good agreement with the experimental results.