Showing papers by "Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur published in 2021"
TL;DR: In this paper, an outbreak of deadly COVID-19 virus has not only taken the lives of people but also severely crippled the economy. Due to strict lockdown, the manufacturing and logistics activities have been suspended.
Abstract: An outbreak of deadly COVID-19 virus has not only taken the lives of people but also severely crippled the economy. Due to strict lockdown, the manufacturing and logistics activities have been susp...
487 citations
TL;DR: Mandating scientific sterilization and the use of sealed bags for safe disposal of contaminated plastic wastes should be an immediate priority to reduce the risk of transmission to sanitation workers.
379 citations
TL;DR: The analysis shows that the performance of DL models for single modality (CT / MR) can show reliable volumetric analysis performance, but the best MSSD performance remains limited, and multi-tasking DL models designed to segment all organs are observed to perform worse compared to organ-specific ones.
338 citations
University of Manchester1, City University of New York2, Istanbul Technical University3, New York University4, Heidelberg University5, Niels Bohr Institute6, University of Edinburgh7, University of Bologna8, Academy of Athens9, Sapienza University of Rome10, University of Naples Federico II11, Stanford University12, Institut d'Astrophysique de Paris13, University of Portsmouth14, Cardiff University15, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo16, University of Michigan17, Asia Pacific Center for Theoretical Physics18, University of New Mexico19, University of Barcelona20, University of St. Thomas (Minnesota)21, Princeton University22, National Autonomous University of Mexico23, California Institute of Technology24, INAF25, University of Chicago26, Michigan Technological University27, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory28, University of Cambridge29, Imperial College London30, Ruhr University Bochum31, University of Waterloo32, University of Oxford33, Johns Hopkins University34, University of Pennsylvania35, University of California, Davis36, Birla Institute of Technology and Science37, RWTH Aachen University38, Université libre de Bruxelles39, University of Padua40, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur41, Spanish National Research Council42, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill43, University of Arizona44, University of Oslo45, Jamia Millia Islamia46, University of Southern Denmark47, National Institute for Space Research48, Fermilab49, Presidency University, Kolkata50, Université Paris-Saclay51, University of Montpellier52, University of Szczecin53, Korea Astronomy and Space Science Institute54, University of California, Los Angeles55, University of Paris56, Leiden University57, Swarthmore College58, University of Sheffield59, University of Amsterdam60, United College, Winnipeg61, Liaoning Normal University62
TL;DR: In this article, the authors focus on the 4.4σ tension between the Planck estimate of the Hubble constant H0 and the SH0ES collaboration measurements and discuss how the next decade's experiments will be crucial.
322 citations
20 Jul 2021
TL;DR: In this paper, a comprehensive review of the various types of adsorbents such as commercial activated carbon, metal oxide-based, carbon based, metal-organic framework, and polymer-based adhesives used in dye remediation of contaminated water is presented.
Abstract: The rapid increase in toxic dye wastewater generated from various industries remains a severe public health issue and prime environmental protection concern, posing a major challenge to existing conventional water treatment systems. Consequently, various physicochemical and biological treatment processes have been studied, which exhibit varying removal abilities depending on their experimental constraints. Among them, adsorption is considered to be the most efficient due to its high removal efficiency, easy operation, cost-effectiveness, and recyclability of the adsorbents. Considering this, the present review article focused on presenting a comprehensive summary of the various types of adsorbents such as commercial activated carbon, metal oxide-based, carbon-based, metal–organic framework, and polymer-based adsorbents used in dye remediation of contaminated water. The effects of several critical factors such as initial dye concentration, solution pH, temperature, and adsorbent dose on the dye adsorption performance are also described. In addition, the adsorption mechanisms responsible for dye removal are explained based on electrostatic attraction, ion exchange, surface complexation, and π–π interactions. Finally, critiques, future perspectives, and a summary of the present article are given. Various adsorbents such as carbon-based materials, metal oxides, bio-adsorbents, and polymer-based materials, have been shown to be efficient for the removal of dye pollutants from wastewater. Thus, it is anticipated that dye removal by adsorption can provide a feasible solution for the treatment of dye-laden water.
283 citations
University of Manchester1, City University of New York2, Istanbul Technical University3, New York University4, Heidelberg University5, Niels Bohr Institute6, University of Edinburgh7, University of Bologna8, Academy of Athens9, Sapienza University of Rome10, University of Naples Federico II11, Stanford University12, Institut d'Astrophysique de Paris13, University of Portsmouth14, Cardiff University15, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo16, University of Michigan17, Asia Pacific Center for Theoretical Physics18, University of New Mexico19, University of Barcelona20, Centre national de la recherche scientifique21, Princeton University22, National Autonomous University of Mexico23, Jet Propulsion Laboratory24, INAF25, University of Chicago26, Michigan Technological University27, University of Cambridge28, Imperial College London29, Ruhr University Bochum30, University of Waterloo31, Johns Hopkins University32, University of Pennsylvania33, University of California, Davis34, Birla Institute of Technology and Science35, RWTH Aachen University36, Université libre de Bruxelles37, University of Padua38, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur39, Spanish National Research Council40, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill41, University of Arizona42, University of Oslo43, Jamia Millia Islamia44, National Institute for Space Research45, Fermilab46, Presidency University, Kolkata47, Université Paris-Saclay48, University of Montpellier49, University of Szczecin50, Korea Astronomy and Space Science Institute51, University of California, Los Angeles52, Leiden University53, University of Southern Denmark54, Swarthmore College55, University of Sheffield56, University of Amsterdam57, United College, Winnipeg58, Liaoning Normal University59
TL;DR: In this article, the authors focus on the tension between Planck data and weak lensing measurements and redshift surveys, and discuss the importance of trying to fit multiple cosmological datasets with complete physical models, rather than fitting individual datasets with a few handpicked theoretical parameters.
181 citations
TL;DR: The literature analysis revealed that an all-inclusive approach for dealing with the environmental problems of soil salinization has been barely considered and an inclusive feedback-supported simulation model should be considered in future research as the existing models scarcely considered some vital aspects of the problem.
121 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, a conceptual model was proposed that used an integrated technology acceptance model (TAM)-TOE model and was tested using survey-based data collected from 340 employees of small, medium and large organizations.
117 citations
117 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the authors provide a thorough and systematic summary of research carried out on layered 2D oxides both from an experimental and theoretical perspective, and elaborate the specific advantages of 2D metal oxides as compared to their bulk counterparts in respective applications.
111 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the degradation of polyethylene and copolymers was evaluated as a result of exposure to hot water (85-90°C) and heavy metals like Pb, Cr, and Cd were detected in the films which can be transferred into hot water.
TL;DR: In this article, the authors provide a comprehensive overview of object detection and tracking using deep learning (DL) networks and compare the performance of different object detectors and trackers, including the recent development in granulated DL models.
Abstract: Object detection and tracking is one of the most important and challenging branches in computer vision, and have been widely applied in various fields, such as health-care monitoring, autonomous driving, anomaly detection, and so on. With the rapid development of deep learning (DL) networks and GPU’s computing power, the performance of object detectors and trackers has been greatly improved. To understand the main development status of object detection and tracking pipeline thoroughly, in this survey, we have critically analyzed the existing DL network-based methods of object detection and tracking and described various benchmark datasets. This includes the recent development in granulated DL models. Primarily, we have provided a comprehensive overview of a variety of both generic object detection and specific object detection models. We have enlisted various comparative results for obtaining the best detector, tracker, and their combination. Moreover, we have listed the traditional and new applications of object detection and tracking showing its developmental trends. Finally, challenging issues, including the relevance of granular computing, in the said domain are elaborated as a future scope of research, together with some concerns. An extensive bibliography is also provided.
TL;DR: This article circumscribes the various emerging technologies, which have been used to treat PhACs and pathogens, and emphasized the global concern of the presence of SARS-CoV-2 RNA in hospital wastewater and its removal by the existing treatment facilities.
Abstract: The hospital wastewater imposes a potent threat to the security of human health concerning its high vulnerability towards the outbreak of several diseases. Furthermore, the outbreak of COVID-19 pandemic demanded a global attention towards monitoring viruses and other infectious pathogens in hospital wastewater and their removal. Apart from that, the presence of various recalcitrant organics, pharmaceutically active compounds (PhACs), etc. imparts a complex pollution load to water resources and ecosystem. In this review, an insight into the occurrence, persistence and removal of drug-resistant microorganisms and infectious viruses as well as other micro-pollutants have been documented. The performance of various pilot/full-scale studies have been evaluated in terms of removal of biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), chemical oxygen demand (COD), total suspended solids (TSS), PhACs, pathogens, etc. It was found that many biological processes, such as membrane bioreactor, activated sludge process, constructed wetlands, etc. provided more than 80% removal of BOD, COD, TSS, etc. However, the removal of several recalcitrant organic pollutants are less responsive to those processes and demands the application of tertiary treatments, such as adsorption, ozone treatment, UV treatment, etc. Antibiotic-resistant microorganisms, viruses were found to be persistent even after the treatment of hospital wastewater, and high dose of chlorination or UV treatment was required to inactivate them. This article circumscribes the various emerging technologies, which have been used to treat PhACs and pathogens. The present review also emphasized the global concern of the presence of SARS-CoV-2 RNA in hospital wastewater and its removal by the existing treatment facilities.
TL;DR: Various modified forms of chitosan and their associated applications are reviewed here with emphasis on their use in environmental remediation and other applications such as drug delivery, food additives, tissue engineering are thoroughly reviewed.
TL;DR: Using panel data from 1990-2015 for selected BRICS (Brazil, India, China and South Africa) countries, the authors empirically evaluates the role of primary and secondary education levels in curbing carbon emissions along with incorporating the changes in the pattern of energy consumption based on renewable and non-renewable energy consumption, real economic growth, urbanization and economic globalization as additional determinants in per capita CO2 emission function.
TL;DR: The machine learning field has deeply impacted the manufacturing industry in the context of the Industry 4.0 paradigm as discussed by the authors, which encourages the usage of smart sensors, devices, and devices.
Abstract: The machine learning (ML) field has deeply impacted the manufacturing industry in the context of the Industry 4.0 paradigm. The industry 4.0 paradigm encourages the usage of smart sensors, devices,...
TL;DR: The performance of CWs in terms of TN, TP, and COD removal was significantly lower in cold climates than that in tropical and sub-tropical climates.
TL;DR: It is emphasized that co-encapsulation of bioactive compounds and probiotic bacteria in a single product provides synergistic health benefits and enhances the bioactivity of individual components thus improve the adherence of probiotics to the intestinal wall during digestion.
Abstract: Background The growing awareness of functional food products for imparting potential health benefits has focused on the co-encapsulation of probiotic bacteria with bioactive compounds in a single matrix. The co-encapsulation process with low cost and improved bioactivity is a novel approach for the development of therapeutic and nutraceutical food products. Scope and approach This review focuses primarily on the advantages of co-encapsulation of probiotic bacteria with bioactive compounds such as omega-3 fatty acids, green tea extracts, curcuminoids, antioxidants from fruit juice extracts, agroindustrial co-products, prebiotics in a single delivery format by employing different technologies. The health potentials of probiotics and bioactives have been emphasized as well as the desired characteristics of the produced co-microcapsules for incorporation in the food products has been briefly discussed. Key findings and conclusions This review emphasizes that co-encapsulation of bioactive compounds and probiotic bacteria in a single product provides synergistic health benefits and enhances the bioactivity of individual components thus improve the adherence of probiotic bacteria to the intestinal wall during digestion. This process has convenience and cost advantages over microencapsulation of individual ingredients. The co-encapsulation process has also improved the storability of food products with a long term stabilization of probiotic bacteria and bioactive compounds. A future scope is to be needed to explore the release mechanism of these ingredients in a simulated animal model system along with the incorporation of co-microcapsules in the formulation of cost-effective functional food products.
Iran University of Medical Sciences1, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia2, University of Engineering and Technology3, Polytechnic University of Milan4, University of Isfahan5, Damghan University6, University of Tabriz7, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur8, Technical University of Liberec9, Kerman Medical University10, University of Southern Queensland11, Duy Tan University12, University of Vienna13, Sabancı University14
TL;DR: A review of surface decoration of polymers and nanomaterials, with focus on major industrial applications in the medical field, textile industry, water treatment and food packaging, is presented in this article.
Abstract: The inert nature of most commercial polymers and nanomaterials results in limitations of applications in various industrial fields. This can be solved by surface modifications to improve physicochemical and biological properties, such as adhesion, printability, wetting and biocompatibility. Polymer functionalization allows to graft specific moieties and conjugate molecules that improve material performances. In the last decades, several approaches have been designed in the industry and academia to graft functional groups on surfaces. Here, we review surface decoration of polymers and nanomaterials, with focus on major industrial applications in the medical field, textile industry, water treatment and food packaging. We discuss the advantages and challenges of polymer functionalization. More knowledge is needed on the biology behind cell–polymer interactions, nanosafety and manufacturing at the industrial scale.
TL;DR: In this article, the authors investigated the impact of COVID 19 on the progress of the SDGs and provided insight into how green recovery stimulus, driven by circular economy (CE)-based solid waste management (SWM) could assist in attaining the intended targets of UN-SDGs.
TL;DR: In this paper, a hybrid two-phase multi-criterion decision-making (MCDM) tools are applied to rank and prioritize the important barriers/sub-barriers.
Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz1, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur2, University of Barcelona3, King Saud University4, Polytechnic University of Milan5, Damghan University6, Pasteur Institute of Iran7, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences8, Royan Institute9, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia10, Xi'an Jiaotong University11, Georgia Regents University12
TL;DR: The potential applications of ionic liquids in the biomedical arena, including regenerative medicine, biosensing, and drug/biomolecule delivery, are presented to stimulate the scientific community to further improve the antimicrobial efficacy of ionsic liquids.
Abstract: Excessive and unwarranted administration of antibiotics has invigorated the evolution of multidrug-resistant microbes. There is, therefore, an urgent need for advanced active compounds. Ionic liquids with short-lived ion-pair structures are highly tunable and have diverse applications. Apart from their unique physicochemical features, the newly discovered biological activities of ionic liquids have fascinated biochemists, microbiologists, and medical scientists. In particular, their antimicrobial properties have opened new vistas in overcoming the current challenges associated with combating antibiotic-resistant pathogens. Discussions regarding ionic liquid derivatives in monomeric and polymeric forms with antimicrobial activities are presented here. The antimicrobial mechanism of ionic liquids and parameters that affect their antimicrobial activities, such as chain length, cation/anion type, cation density, and polymerization, are considered. The potential applications of ionic liquids in the biomedical arena, including regenerative medicine, biosensing, and drug/biomolecule delivery, are presented to stimulate the scientific community to further improve the antimicrobial efficacy of ionic liquids.
01 Mar 2021
TL;DR: In this article, a comprehensive assessment of occurrence, ecotoxicological effects, and treatment methods of emerging contaminants (ECs) is provided, and a comprehensive risk assessment analysis of the EC has been performed, and it was found that caffeine, bisphenol-A, diazinon and malathion had high risk quotients.
Abstract: Emerging contaminants (ECs) have been a threat to the aqueous environment because of their persistent nature and ability to adversely affect the living organisms exposed to them for a prolonged duration. An increase in detection of varying ranges of ECs in different aqueous bodies has catalyzed research on their toxic effects and removal. However, a compilation of proper legislations in terms of permissible limits of the ECs in water and understanding the capability of the different treatment technologies in bringing down their concentration to non-toxic levels is an area that needs significant attention. In this context, this review provides a comprehensive assessment of occurrence, ecotoxicological effects, and treatment methods of ECs. Statutory guidelines of different environmental organizations have been compared with the calculated drinking water equivalent limit of the ECs. Furthermore, a comprehensive risk assessment analysis of the EC has been performed, and it was found that caffeine, bisphenol-A, diazinon, and malathion had high risk quotients. The performance of the different treatment technologies was assessed based on their ability to bring down the concentration of the ECs below the established statutory guidelines. Unlike most conventional treatment methods, many advanced hybrid treatment methods could reduce the concentration of the ECs below the guideline value. Technologies involving membrane bioreactor combined with reverse osmosis, ozonation, and membrane distillation proved to be very effective with more than 90% removal. The sustainability aspects of different treatment methods have also been covered in this review to help researchers identify suitable treatment methods for removing ECs.
TL;DR: This state-of-the-art review provides the limitations of energy products obtained from the algae in a perspective of shifting lab-scale into a field scale and described the health benefits, anti-angiogenic, and anti-cancer properties of algal bioactive compounds.
Abstract: Algae have long been investigated as a plausible reserve of several biofuel and bioactive compounds attributed to their fast-growing characteristics, shorter doubling time, and capability of accumulating lipids. Compounds extracted from algae are being studied in various sectors namely, pharmaceutical, cosmetics, cancer biology, nanoscience, food industry, etc. In view of the rich potentials of algae, this present review is aimed to highlight the significance of different cultivation aspects of microalgae like open pond and photobioreactor and advantages and disadvantages thereof. This state-of-the-art review provides the limitations of energy (biodiesel, bioethanol, biohydrogen, biomethane) products obtained from the algae in a perspective of shifting lab-scale into a field scale. In addition to the cultivation systems and biofuels, several non-energy products or value-added products obtained from algae were critically compared and presented. Data from plethora literatures discussing the advanced methods for the extraction of omega-3, omega-6 fatty acids, vitamins and nanoparticles from algae have been discussed extensively. Further, bioactive compounds extracted from several algal strains were listed. Considering the health benefits, anti-angiogenic, and anti–cancer properties of algal bioactive compounds were described along with other industrial applications. Overall, this comprehensive review will help in understanding status of algal biofuel, cultivation systems, metabolites and their application for the betterment of the human society.
TL;DR: In this article, a lack of research on how the unintended data-centric revolution generally celebrates the proliferation of business analytics and AI in exploiting firm's potential and success is discussed.
Abstract: The data-centric revolution generally celebrates the proliferation of business analytics and AI in exploiting firm’s potential and success. However, there is a lack of research on how the unintende...
TL;DR: In this paper, a conceptual model has been developed to show how a firm's data-driven culture impacts its product and process innovation, which in turn improves its performance and provides better competitive advantage in the current business environment.
Abstract: Data-driven culture is considered to bring business-oriented cultural transformation to a firm. It is considered to provide substantial dividends to the firms’ product and process innovations. Recently, several firms have been using different advanced technology-embedded business analytics (BA) tools to improve their business performance. Again, advancement of information and communication technology has helped firms to explore the option to use BA tools with artificial intelligence. This has brought radical change in the business-oriented cultural landscape of the firms to arrive at accurate decision-making to improve their innovation and performance. In this perspective, the aim of this study is to show how a firm’s data-driven culture impacts its product and process innovation, which in turn improves its performance and provides better competitive advantage in the current business environment. With the help of background study, a resource-based view model and different theories, a conceptual model has been developed. The conceptual model has been validated with 456 usable responses from the employees of different firms using different business analytics tools. The study highlights that data-driven culture highly influences both product and process innovation, making the firm more competitive in the industry. In this study, leadership support and data-driven culture have been taken as moderators, whereas firm size, firm age and industry type have been taken as control variables.
TL;DR: A systematic review of EDM studies on student performance in classroom learning focuses on identifying the predictors, methods used for such identification, time and aim of prediction, and is significantly the first systematic survey ofEDM studies that consider only classroom learning and focuses on the temporal aspect as well.
Abstract: Student performance modelling is one of the challenging and popular research topics in educational data mining (EDM). Multiple factors influence the performance in non-linear ways; thus making this field more attractive to the researchers. The widespread availability of e ducational datasets further catalyse this interestingness, especially in online learning. Although several EDM surveys are available in the literature, we could find only a few specific surveys on student performance analysis and prediction. These specific surveys are limited in nature and primarily focus on studies that try to identify possible predictor or model student performance. However, the previous works do not address the temporal aspect of prediction. Moreover, we could not find any such specific survey which focuses only on classroom-based education. In this paper, we present a systematic review of EDM studies on student performance in classroom learning. It focuses on identifying the predictors, methods used for such identification, time and aim of prediction. It is significantly the first systematic survey of EDM studies that consider only classroom learning and focuses on the temporal aspect as well. This paper presents a review of 140 studies in this area. The meta-analysis indicates that the researchers achieve significant prediction efficiency during the tenure of the course. However, performance prediction before course commencement needs special attention.
Tsinghua University1, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur2, Curtin University3, Sapienza University of Rome4, Brunel University London5, Khulna University of Engineering & Technology6, University of Limerick7, Yale University8, United Nations University9, Vienna University of Technology10, Flemish Institute for Technological Research11, Shanghai Second Polytechnic University12
TL;DR: The 15th International Conference on Waste Management and Technology (ICWMT) as mentioned in this paper was held in 2020 in Beijing, China, where researchers and attendees approached innovative aspects of waste management from a variety of perspectives and disciplines.
Abstract: On 30 June 2020, young scholars presented & discussed their work in a virtual forum, as a special session organized by The 15th International Conference on Waste Management and Technology (June 28–30), 2020 Beijing China. The forum convened researchers and attendees approaching innovative aspects of waste management from a variety of perspectives and disciplines. While their presentations spanned topics as broad as the stakeholder coordination and as specific technological approach for rapid carbonization of agricultural waste, several conceptual threads could be traced across them.
University of Manchester1, City University of New York2, Istanbul Technical University3, New York University4, Heidelberg University5, University of Copenhagen6, University of Edinburgh7, University of Bologna8, Academy of Athens9, Sapienza University of Rome10, University of Naples Federico II11, Stanford University12, Institut d'Astrophysique de Paris13, University of Portsmouth14, Cardiff University15, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo16, University of Michigan17, Asia Pacific Center for Theoretical Physics18, University of New Mexico19, University of Barcelona20, Princeton University21, National Autonomous University of Mexico22, California Institute of Technology23, INAF24, University of Chicago25, Michigan Technological University26, University of Cambridge27, Imperial College London28, Ruhr University Bochum29, University of Waterloo30, Johns Hopkins University31, University of Pennsylvania32, University of California, Davis33, Birla Institute of Technology and Science34, RWTH Aachen University35, Université libre de Bruxelles36, University of Padua37, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur38, Spanish National Research Council39, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill40, University of Arizona41, University of Oslo42, Jamia Millia Islamia43, National Institute for Space Research44, Durban University of Technology45, Fermilab46, Presidency University, Kolkata47, Université Paris-Saclay48, University of Montpellier49, University of Szczecin50, Korea Astronomy and Space Science Institute51, University of California, Los Angeles52, Centre national de la recherche scientifique53, Leiden University54, Swarthmore College55, University of Sheffield56, University of Amsterdam57, United College, Winnipeg58, Liaoning Normal University59
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors present a list of important goals that need to be addressed in the next decade, also taking into account the current discordances present between the different cosmological probes, as the Hubble constant H0 value, the σ8S8 tension, and the anomalies present in the Planck results.