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Institution

Indiana University

EducationBloomington, Indiana, United States
About: Indiana University is a education organization based out in Bloomington, Indiana, United States. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Population & Poison control. The organization has 64480 authors who have published 150058 publications receiving 6392902 citations. The organization is also known as: Indiana University system & indiana.edu.


Papers
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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In vitro evidence suggests, for the first time, a mechanistic paradigm by which estrogens might exert at least part of their antiresorptive influence on the skeleton.
Abstract: The effect of 17 beta-estradiol on interleukin-6 (IL-6) synthesis was examined in murine bone marrow-derived stromal cell lines, normal human bone-derived cells, and nontransformed osteoblast cell lines from mice and rats. In all these cell types IL-6 production was stimulated as much as 10,000-fold in response to the combination of recombinant interleukin-1 (IL-1) and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF alpha). Addition of 17 beta-estradiol in the cultures exerted a dose-dependent inhibition of IL-1-, TNF-, and IL-1 + TNF-induced production of bioassayable IL-6. Testosterone and progesterone (but not 17 alpha-estradiol) also inhibited IL-6, but their effective concentrations were two orders of magnitude higher than 17 beta-estradiol. 17 beta-estradiol also decreased the levels of the IL-6 mRNA. In addition, estradiol inhibited both TNF-induced IL-6 production and osteoclast development in primary bone cell cultures derived from neonatal murine calvaria. The TNF-stimulated osteoclast development was also suppressed by a neutralizing monoclonal anti-IL-6 antibody. This in vitro evidence suggests, for the first time, a mechanistic paradigm by which estrogens might exert at least part of their antiresorptive influence on the skeleton.

671 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In a more abstract level, the grounding of public service motivation in three types of motives (rational, normative, and affective) suggests another source for insights about PSM as mentioned in this paper.
Abstract: Public administration practitioners and educators have long contended that public employees are different from employees in other sectors of American society. Conventional wisdom and empirical evidence that public employees are different led Perry and Wise to define a construct, public service motivation (PSM), intended to capture the distinction. At a more abstract level, the grounding of PSM in three types of motives—rational, normative, and affective—suggests another source for insights about PSM. The profession is another institution that is likely to influence public service motivation. The beliefs that individuals acquire through then political affiliations also are antecedents of public service motivation. The political ideology variable also exhibited a mixed association with the PSM dimensions. Liberalism-conservatism was significantly associated with attraction to policy making and self-sacrifice. Investigation of organizational influences should seek to assess the effects of organizational experiences and policies on the public service motivation of members ever time.

671 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: This review organizes research and ideas about the role of soil biota as drivers of invasion by nonnative plants and how soilBiota may fit into hypotheses proposed for invasive success and suggests 'feedback' relationships may alter plant-soil biota interactions in ways that may facilitate invasion and inhibit re-establishment by native species.
Abstract: Interactions between plants and soil biota resist invasion by some nonnative plants and facilitate others. In this review, we organize research and ideas about the role of soil biota as drivers of invasion by nonnative plants and how soil biota may fit into hypotheses proposed for invasive success. For example, some invasive species benefit from being introduced into regions of the world where they encounter fewer soil-borne enemies than in their native ranges. Other invasives encounter novel but strong soil mutualists which enhance their invasive success. Leaving below-ground natural enemies behind or encountering strong mutualists can enhance invasions, but indigenous enemies in soils or the absence of key soil mutualists can help native communities resist invasions. Furthermore, inhibitory and beneficial effects of soil biota on plants can accelerate or decelerate over time depending on the net effect of accumulating pathogenic and mutualistic soil organisms. These 'feedback' relationships may alter plant-soil biota interactions in ways that may facilitate invasion and inhibit re-establishment by native species. Although soil biota affect nonnative plant invasions in many different ways, research on the topic is broadening our understanding of why invasive plants can be so astoundingly successful and expanding our perspectives on the drivers of natural community organization.

670 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: An overview of the current understanding of type 1 diabetes and potential future directions for research and care is given.

670 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
Jeni Loftus1
TL;DR: Using General Social Survey data from 1973 to 1998, this article examined changing American attitudes toward homosexuality and found that Americans became increasingly negative regarding the morality of homosexuality through 1990, but since then their attitudes have become increasingly liberal.
Abstract: Using General Social Survey data from 1973 to 1998, changing American attitudes toward homosexuality are examined. Two hypotheses are tested: (1) Can changes in attitudes be accounted for by the changing demographics of the population? (2) Are changing attitudes toward homosexuality embedded within larger cultural ideological shifts? The data indicate that Americans distinguish between the morality of homosexuality and the civil liberties of homosexuals. Americans became increasingly negative regarding the morality of homosexuality through 1990, but since then their attitudes have become increasingly liberal. The same 25-year period witnessed a steady decline in Americans' willingness to restrict the civil liberties of homosexuals. Changes in American demographics-particularly increasing educational levels-and changing cultural ideological beliefs can account for only about one-half of the change over time in attitudes toward homosexuality. Several theories are put forth to explain these patterns of change and the distinction made between morality and civil liberties

670 citations


Authors

Showing all 64884 results

NameH-indexPapersCitations
Frank B. Hu2501675253464
Stuart H. Orkin186715112182
Bruce M. Spiegelman179434158009
David R. Williams1782034138789
D. M. Strom1763167194314
Markus Antonietti1761068127235
Lei Jiang1702244135205
Brenda W.J.H. Penninx1701139119082
Nahum Sonenberg167647104053
Carl W. Cotman165809105323
Yang Yang1642704144071
Jaakko Kaprio1631532126320
Ralph A. DeFronzo160759132993
Gavin Davies1592036149835
Tyler Jacks158463115172
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Performance
Metrics
No. of papers from the Institution in previous years
YearPapers
2023127
2022694
20217,272
20207,310
20196,943
20186,496