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Institution

Indiana University

EducationBloomington, Indiana, United States
About: Indiana University is a education organization based out in Bloomington, Indiana, United States. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Population & Poison control. The organization has 64480 authors who have published 150058 publications receiving 6392902 citations. The organization is also known as: Indiana University system & indiana.edu.


Papers
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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: A population genetic analysis of Drosophila simulans is presented based on whole-genome shotgun sequencing of multiple inbred lines and comparison of the resulting data to genome assemblies of the closely related species, D. melanogaster and D. yakuba, to suggest several new hypotheses regarding the genetic and biological mechanisms controlling polymorphism and divergence across the Drosophile genome.
Abstract: The population genetic perspective is that the processes shaping genomic variation can be revealed only through simultaneous investigation of sequence polymorphism and divergence within and between closely related species. Here we present a population genetic analysis of Drosophila simulans based on whole-genome shotgun sequencing of multiple inbred lines and comparison of the resulting data to genome assemblies of the closely related species, D. melanogaster and D. yakuba. We discovered previously unknown, large-scale fluctuations of polymorphism and divergence along chromosome arms, and significantly less polymorphism and faster divergence on the X chromosome. We generated a comprehensive list of functional elements in the D. simulans genome influenced by adaptive evolution. Finally, we characterized genomic patterns of base composition for coding and noncoding sequence. These results suggest several new hypotheses regarding the genetic and biological mechanisms controlling polymorphism and divergence across the Drosophila genome, and provide a rich resource for the investigation of adaptive evolution and functional variation in D. simulans.

661 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors argue that institutional arrangements operating at other governance scales, such as national government agencies, international organizations, NGOs at multiple scales, and private associations, also often have critical roles to play in natural resource governance regimes, including self-organized regimes.
Abstract: This article seeks to shed new light on the study of decentralized natural resource governance by applying institutional theories of polycentricity—the relationships among multiple authorities with overlapping jurisdictions. The emphasis on multi-level dynamics has not penetrated empirical studies of environmental policy reforms in non-industrial countries. On the contrary, many of today’s decentralization proponents seem to be infatuated with the local sphere, expecting that local actors are always able and willing to govern their natural resources effectively. Existing studies in this area often focus exclusively on characteristics and performance of local institutions. While we certainly do not deny the importance of local institutions, we argue that institutional arrangements operating at other governance scales—such as national government agencies, international organizations, NGOs at multiple scales, and private associations—also often have critical roles to play in natural resource governance regimes, including self-organized regimes.

661 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: For example, Hamilton et al. as mentioned in this paper found that individuals who had been induced to feel happy rendered more stereotypic judgments than did those in a neutral mood, except under conditions in which they had been told that they would be held accountable for their judgments.
Abstract: Four experiments examined the effects of happiness on the tendency to use stereotypes in social judgment. In each experiment, individuals who had been induced to feel happy rendered more stereotypic judgments than did those in a neutral mood. Experiment 1 demonstrated this phenomenon with a mood induction procedure that involved recalling life experiences. Experiments 2 and 3 suggested that the greater reliance on stereotypes evident in the judgments of happy individuals was not attributable to cognitive capacity deficits created by intrusive happy thoughts or by cognitively disruptive excitement or energetic arousal that may accompany the experience of happiness. In Experiment 4, happy individuals again were found to render more stereotypic judgments, except under conditions in which they had been told that they would be held accountable for their judgments. These results suggest that although happy people's tendency to engage in stereotypic thinking may be pervasive, they are quite capable of avoiding the influence of stereotypes in their judgments when situational factors provide a motivational impetus for such effort. Discovering the conditions under which group stereotypes are likely to be applied in forming impressions of and making judgments about individuals has been an issue of perennial interest in social psychology. Factors such as information overload (Pratto & Bargh, 1991; Stangor & Duan, 1991) and task difficulty (Bodenhausen & Lichtenstein, 1987), for example, have been shown to increase the social perceiver's reliance on stereotypic preconceptions (for a review, see Hamilton & Sherman, in press). In the present research, we investigated the role of emotion, specifically happiness, in the application of stereotypes during social information processing. Does being happy have any impact on the likelihood of stereotyping others? If so, what is the mechanism involved? It was these questions that we sought to address. Interest in the relationship between emotion and stereotyping is certainly not new. However, previous attempts to understand the role of affective experience in prejudice and stereotyping have focused almost exclusively on the impact of negative emotions. Conventional wisdom indicates that it is during times of stress, anxiety, or hostility that prejudice and stereotypes are most likely to emerge and exert their influence on social perception. Psychological research lends credence to the idea that anger, conflict, frustration, and anxiety are indeed associated with

660 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: A framework for considering how tree species and their mycorrhizal associates differentially couple carbon and nutrient cycles in temperate forests is proposed and how these dynamics can be used to develop better representations of plant-soil feedbacks and nutrient constraints on productivity in ecosystem and earth system models is described.
Abstract: Summary Understanding the context dependence of ecosystem responses to global changes requires the development of new conceptual frameworks. Here we propose a framework for considering how tree species and their mycorrhizal associates differentially couple carbon (C) and nutrient cyclesintemperateforests.Giventhattreespeciespredominantlyassociatewithasingletypeof mycorrhizalfungi(arbuscularmycorrhizal(AM)fungiorectomycorrhizal(ECM)fungi),andthat the two types of fungi differ in their modes of nutrient acquisition, we hypothesize that the abundance of AM and ECM trees in a plot, stand, or region may provide an integrated index of biogeochemical transformations relevant to C cycling and nutrient retention. First, we describe how forest plots dominated by AM tree species have nutrient economies that differ in their C– nutrientcouplingsfromthoseinplotsdominatedbyECMtrees.Secondly,wedemonstratehow the relative abundance of AM and ECM trees can be used to estimate nutrient dynamics across the landscape. Finally, we describe how our framework can be used to generate testable hypotheses about forest responses to global change factors, and how these dynamics can be used to develop better representations of plant–soil feedbacks and nutrient constraints on productivity in ecosystem and earth system models.

659 citations


Authors

Showing all 64884 results

NameH-indexPapersCitations
Frank B. Hu2501675253464
Stuart H. Orkin186715112182
Bruce M. Spiegelman179434158009
David R. Williams1782034138789
D. M. Strom1763167194314
Markus Antonietti1761068127235
Lei Jiang1702244135205
Brenda W.J.H. Penninx1701139119082
Nahum Sonenberg167647104053
Carl W. Cotman165809105323
Yang Yang1642704144071
Jaakko Kaprio1631532126320
Ralph A. DeFronzo160759132993
Gavin Davies1592036149835
Tyler Jacks158463115172
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Performance
Metrics
No. of papers from the Institution in previous years
YearPapers
2023127
2022694
20217,272
20207,310
20196,943
20186,496