Indiana University

About: Indiana University is a education organization based out in Bloomington, Indiana, United States. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Population & Poison control. The organization has 64480 authors who have published 150058 publications receiving 6392902 citations. The organization is also known as: Indiana University system & indiana.edu.

Randomized Phase III Trial of Pemetrexed Versus Docetaxel in Patients With Non–Small-Cell Lung Cancer Previously Treated With Chemotherapy

Abstract: Purpose To compare the efficacy and toxicity of pemetrexed versus docetaxel in patients with advanced non—small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) previously treated with chemotherapy. Patients and Methods Eligible patients had a performance status 0 to 2, previous treatment with one prior chemotherapy regimen for advanced NSCLC, and adequate organ function. Patients received pemetrexed 500 mg/m2 intravenously (IV) day 1 with vitamin B12, folic acid, and dexamethasone or docetaxel 75 mg/m2 IV day 1 with dexamethasone every 21 days. The primary end point was overall survival. Results Five hundred seventy-one patients were randomly assigned. Overall response rates were 9.1% and 8.8% (analysis of variance P = .105) for pemetrexed and docetaxel, respectively. Median progression-free survival was 2.9 months for each arm, and median survival time was 8.3 versus 7.9 months (P = not significant) for pemetrexed and docetaxel, respectively. The 1-year survival rate for each arm was 29.7%. Patients receiving docetaxel were mo...

Sharing and community curation of mass spectrometry data with Global Natural Products Social Molecular Networking

Abstract: The potential of the diverse chemistries present in natural products (NP) for biotechnology and medicine remains untapped because NP databases are not searchable with raw data and the NP community has no way to share data other than in published papers. Although mass spectrometry (MS) techniques are well-suited to high-throughput characterization of NP, there is a pressing need for an infrastructure to enable sharing and curation of data. We present Global Natural Products Social Molecular Networking (GNPS; http://gnps.ucsd.edu), an open-access knowledge base for community-wide organization and sharing of raw, processed or identified tandem mass (MS/MS) spectrometry data. In GNPS, crowdsourced curation of freely available community-wide reference MS libraries will underpin improved annotations. Data-driven social-networking should facilitate identification of spectra and foster collaborations. We also introduce the concept of 'living data' through continuous reanalysis of deposited data.

Entrepreneurial Action And The Role Of Uncertainty In The Theory Of The Entrepreneur

Abstract: By considering the amount of uncertainty perceived and the willingness to bear uncertainty concomitantly, we provide a more complete conceptual model of entrepreneurial action that allows for examination of entrepreneurial action at the individual level of analysis while remaining consistent with a rich legacy of system-level theories of the entrepreneur. Our model not only exposes limitations of existing theories of entrepreneurial action but also contributes to a deeper understanding of important conceptual issues, such as the nature of opportunity and the potential for philosophical reconciliation among entrepreneurship scholars.

Sorting Things Out: Classification and Its Consequences

Abstract: Bowker GC and Star SL. 389 pages. Cambridge, MA, and London: MIT Pr; 1999. $29.95. ISBN 0262024616. Order phone 800-356-0343. Field of medicine: Public health and medical informatics. Format: Hardcover book (softcover also available). Audience: Physicians and nonphysicians involved in developing or setting policy for classification systems, nomenclatures, or vocabularies. Purpose: To discuss the idea that classifications and standardizations have direct impact on social and political aspects of human interaction. Content: The authors organize their presentation into an introductory chapter that frames the issues, followed by three sections (classification and large-scale infrastructures, classification and biography, and classification and work practice) providing specific examples, and a conclusion section. The authors use the International Classification of Diseases, 9th revision, race classification under apartheid in South Africa, and the Nursing Intervention Classification as primary examples. An extensive bibliography of more than 300 references, a name index, and a subject index follow the text. Highlights: The authors present fascinating history and insights into the development of various classification systems. In addition, they identify issues that arise during the creation of any classification system, such as the need to compromise between providing granular classifications that satisfy needs specific to a time and place. Finally, the authors draw attention to the implications of choices made in the development of some important classification systems. These implications bear on moral judgments, financial effects, and political gains or losses. Limitations: The authors' writing style hinder the reader's ability to access the interesting information and to understand the implications of choices made in developing classification systems. While the overall organization of the book is clear, the themes and ideas do not flow well. Sentences require repeated readings, and a dictionary at your side would be helpful, given the authors' frequent use of unfamiliar words. These failings obscure interesting and valuable facts and viewpoints. Related readings: Svenonius'The Intellectual Foundation of Information Organization (MIT Pr; 2000) and Aitchison and colleagues'Thesaurus Construction and Use: A Practical Manual (Fitzroy Dearborn; 2000). Reviewers: J. Marc Overhage, MD, PhD, and Jeffery G. Suico, MD, Regenstrief Institute for Health Care and Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN.