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Institution

Indiana University

EducationBloomington, Indiana, United States
About: Indiana University is a education organization based out in Bloomington, Indiana, United States. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Population & Poison control. The organization has 64480 authors who have published 150058 publications receiving 6392902 citations. The organization is also known as: Indiana University system & indiana.edu.


Papers
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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the authors propose a more complete conceptual framework for analysis of SME credit availability issues, and emphasize a causal chain from policy to financial structures, which affect the feasibility and profitability of different lending technologies.
Abstract: We propose a more complete conceptual framework for analysis of SME credit availability issues. In this framework, lending technologies are the key conduit through which government policies and national financial structures affect credit availability. We emphasize a causal chain from policy to financial structures, which affect the feasibility and profitability of different lending technologies. These technologies, in turn, have important effects on SME credit availability. Financial structures include the presence of different financial institution types and the conditions under which they operate. Lending technologies include several transactions technologies plus relationship lending. We argue that the framework implicit in most of the literature is oversimplified, neglects key elements of the chain, and often yields misleading conclusions. A common oversimplification is the treatment of transactions technologies as a homogeneous group, unsuitable for serving informationally opaque SMEs, and a frequent misleading conclusion is that large institutions are disadvantaged in lending to opaque SMEs.

1,706 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Obese/insulin-resistant subjects are characterized by endothelial dysfunction and endothelial resistance to insulin's effect on enhancement of endothelium-dependent vasodilation, which could contribute to the increased risk of atherosclerosis in obese insulin- resistant subjects.
Abstract: To test the hypothesis that obesity/insulin resistance impairs both endothelium-dependent vasodilation and insulin-mediated augmentation of endothelium-dependent vasodilation, we studied leg blood flow (LBF) responses to graded intrafemoral artery infusions of methacholine chloride (MCh) or sodium nitroprusside (SNP) during saline infusion and euglycemic hyperinsulinemia in lean insulin-sensitive controls (C), in obese insulin-resistant subjects (OB), and in subjects with non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM). MCh induced increments in LBF were approximately 40% and 55% lower in OB and NIDDM, respectively, as compared with C (P < 0.05). Euglycemic hyperinsulinemia augmented the LBF response to MCh by - 50% in C (P < 0.05 vs saline) but not in OB and NIDDM. SNP caused comparable increments in LBF in all groups. Regression analysis revealed a significant inverse correlation between the maximal LBF change in response to MCh and body fat content. Thus, obesity/insulin resistance is associated with (a) blunted endothelium-dependent, but normal endothelium-independent vasodilation and (b) failure of euglycemic hyperinsulinemia to augment endothelium-dependent vasodilation. Therefore, obese/insulin-resistant subjects are characterized by endothelial dysfunction and endothelial resistance to insulin's effect on enhancement of endothelium-dependent vasodilation. This endothelial dysfunction could contribute to the increased risk of atherosclerosis in obese insulin-resistant subjects.

1,704 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: New issues have emerged since the 2006 guideline, including risk of interval CRC, proximal CRC, and the role of serrated polyps in colon carcinogenesis, which suggests that adherence to prior guidelines is poor.

1,702 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: It is recommended that the term renal osteodystrophy be used exclusively to define alterations in bone morphology associated with CKD, and the term CKD-Mineral and Bone Disorder (CKD-MBD) be used to describe a broader clinical syndrome that develops as a systemic disorder of mineral and bone metabolism due to CKD.

1,698 citations


Authors

Showing all 64884 results

NameH-indexPapersCitations
Frank B. Hu2501675253464
Stuart H. Orkin186715112182
Bruce M. Spiegelman179434158009
David R. Williams1782034138789
D. M. Strom1763167194314
Markus Antonietti1761068127235
Lei Jiang1702244135205
Brenda W.J.H. Penninx1701139119082
Nahum Sonenberg167647104053
Carl W. Cotman165809105323
Yang Yang1642704144071
Jaakko Kaprio1631532126320
Ralph A. DeFronzo160759132993
Gavin Davies1592036149835
Tyler Jacks158463115172
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Performance
Metrics
No. of papers from the Institution in previous years
YearPapers
2023127
2022694
20217,272
20207,310
20196,943
20186,496