Showing papers by "Indira Gandhi Institute of Development Research published in 1996"
TL;DR: This paper forms this problem as a linear complementarity problem with a square matrixM, a formulation which is different from a similar formulation given earlier by Lemke, and shows that the class of vertical block matrices which Cottle and Dantzig's algorithm can process is the same as theclass of equivalent square matrices in Lemke's algorithm.
Abstract: Given a vertical block matrixA, we consider in this paper the generalized linear complementarity problem VLCP(q, A) introduced by Cottle and Dantzig. We formulate this problem as a linear complementarity problem with a square matrixM, a formulation which is different from a similar formulation given earlier by Lemke. Our formulation helps in extending many well-known results in linear complementarity to the generalized linear complementarity problem. We also show that the class of vertical block matrices which Cottle and Dantzig's algorithm can process is the same as the class of equivalent square matrices which Lemke's algorithm can process. We also present some degree-theoretic results on a vertical block matrix.
43 citations
TL;DR: In this article, econometric models based on time series data are generated for individual products so as to capture product specific factors affecting demand and validated against historical data by testing them for ex post forecast accuracy.
39 citations
01 Jan 1996
TL;DR: In this paper, a self-tuning power system stabiliser (PSS) using the pole-shifting technique is presented, which uses a state-feedback law, whose gains are evaluated from the pole shifting factor.
Abstract: The design of a self-tuning power system stabiliser (PSS) using the pole-shifting technique is presented. The controller uses a state-feedback law, whose gains are evaluated from the pole-shifting factor. The proposed method is simple and computationally efficient. The dynamic performance of the proposed PSS is quite satisfactory and the PSS adapts extremely quickly to varying operating conditions.
35 citations
27 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, a room of dimensions 3.5 m × 3.14 m constructed using low cost techniques costs only 66% of the conventional construction cost and the associated CO 2 emission is also low.
23 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the SImulation of MAcroeconomic scenarios (SIMA) model generates macroeconomically consistent energy scenarios from two interlinked submodels i.e. economic and energy submodels.
Abstract: The energy sector in India claims 30% of the available investments. Moreover, oil import bills have the largest share among the total import bills. Thus, macro economic development and energy sector are highly interdependent. Where energy demand is forecasted without these linkages one cannot be sure if investments and imports required for energy sector will be available. The SImulation of MAcroeconomic scenarios (SIMA) model generates macroeconomically consistent energy scenarios from two interlinked submodels i.e. economic and energy submodels. The energy sector is a part of the non-agricultural sector but it is linked to both the agricultural and the non-agricultural sectors. These three sectors compete with each other for the available capital. In a two-step procedure, various energy economy relations are econometrically estimated and then these are solved simultaneously by feeding in the exogenous parameters (population, oil prices, etc.). The scenarios created correspond to 1991–2010. They are the Dynamics As Usual and the High Oil Price scenarios with capital required for phasing in the electricity sector. Energy-related emission levels for pollutants such as CO2, NOx and SO2 emissions are also calculated for each scenario.
18 citations
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TL;DR: In this paper, the authors present the results of a survey which was undertaken among paper mills in Gujarat and Maharashtra, in India, in order to collect a cross section of data for firms in India which use waste paper as the primary material input to calculate not only an estimation of elasticity of substitution between imported and domestic waste paper but also the price and cross elasticities of raw materials, labour and energy.
Abstract: The trend towards trade liberalisation in developing countries is likely to increase the flow of recyclable waste paper from industrialised countries, raising concerns about the impact on local sources. Central to an analysis of the impact of international trade is the substitutability between imported and domestic waste paper by the paper industry as the main user of these inputs. It is particularly important in view of the uncertainty regarding future prices and availability of domestic forest raw materials and imported pulp. This paper presents the results of a survey which was undertaken among paper mills in Gujarat and Maharashtra, in India. The aim of the survey was to collect a cross section of data for firms in India which use waste paper as the primary material input to calculate not only an estimation of elasticities of substitution between imported and domestic waste paper but also the price and cross elasticities of raw materials, labour and energy. The results suggest that the substitution possibilities between the three specified inputs, are limited. The same conclusion is drawn for the substitution between imported and domestic waste paper, given the total material cost.
17 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the results of a survey on DSM programs for the high-tension industries of Maharashtra are presented. And policy measures are suggested for the efficient implementation of DSM plans.
17 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the authors analyzed the trade-off between the capital cost of the energy-efficient device and the operating costs of the standard one using the household energy consumption data of Bangalore, a city in southern India.
Abstract: Consumer discount rates are good indicators of the potential of energy conservation programmes. They can also be used to evaluate the penetration of different energy carriers and are useful to study the carrier shifts. This paper analyses the trade-off between the capital cost of the energy-efficient device and the operating costs of the standard one using the household energy consumption data of Bangalore, a city in southern India. The results show that households shift from one energy carrier to another if their income increases and the consumer discount rates decrease exponentially with household income. This income-dependent consumer discount rate for the carrier shifts implies that the cost aspect dominates the decisions of Bangalore's households regarding the choice of energy carrier.
16 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the dynamics of adjustment of household and commercial bank asset-choices is modeled using a "general disequilibrium" framework of the Brainard-Tobin type, which is used to simulate policies that constitute India's ongoing stabilization and structural adjustment program.
14 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the authors focus on the effect of foreign trade on Indian artisans and their evolution in the last hundred years and point out that artisans did not face significant competition from imported goods, nor were reduced to fodder for metropolitan industrialization.
Abstract: Studies on Indian artisans in the recent times have tended to be guided by the notion of a world market which, it is believed, drove them towards obsolescence through changing tastes or productivity. This framework, however, is not without problems. First, the presence of older industries in modern India, or their long continuance, tends to be seen in terms of ‘survivals’ or ‘revivals’, which terms deny them any inherent dynamics. On the other hand, the impression that many of them ‘survive’ today in strikingly modernized forms, utilizing production and marketing institutions vastly different from those that prevailed a hundred years ago, would demand of historians an account of how old industries evolve, and become integrated into the rest of the economy. Secondly, the crux of the world market story is the economy's opening up to trade. That foreign trade had a critical impact on crafts such as textiles, partially decimated by imports, or leather, where trade commercialized an erstwhile custom-bound exchange, is indisputable. But there are other notable examples where the effect of trade was benign, minor, or indirect, where artisans remained producers of a mass consumable; and where neither did they face significant competition from imported goods, nor were reduced to fodder for metropolitan industrialization. Yet they changed profoundly. In a way, their history reflects not the play of a dominant exogenous process, but the totality of the economy's structural change. Crafts history does not yet provide us with prototypes of this endogenous transformation.
TL;DR: In this article, a Bayesian vector autoregressive model is developed with four variables: CO2 emission level, GDP, population, and oil price for the period 1970-1988.
Abstract: Oil price shock has two interrelated impacts, GDP growth rate impact and energy impact, that induce a change in carbon emission level. This article seeks to find out, in the Indian context, whether the past oil shocks of the 1970s had any significant effect on carbon emission growth rate and then to simulate the impact on future GDP growth rate and carbon emissions if an oil price shock were to recur. Statistical diagnosis of the series confirms a structural break in the carbon emissions growth rate in 1975 following the 1973 oil shock. A Bayesian vector autoregressive model is developed with four variables: CO2 emission level, GDP, population, and oil price for the period 1970-1988. The carbon emissions and GDP for the period 1989-1995 are projected, given various simulated oil price scenarios. The oil price shock gives rise to a persistently high carbon emissions level with a time lag and an immediate negative impact on GDP that decreases within a short period.
TL;DR: In this paper, the pattern of consumption of energy carriers in the residential sector shows that, with increasing incomes, there is a shift from firewood to kerosene, Kerosene to LPG, etc., and this carrier substitution can be viewed as the result of competition between the old and new technologies (carrier utilizing devices).
TL;DR: In this article, the authors evaluate industrial demand-side management (DSM) options using utility avoided costs, including long-term marginal costs of power generation, transmission and distribution in Maharashtra.
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TL;DR: In this article, the impact of automation and competition on the performance of the Indian stock market has been explored and two measures of liquidity, aggregate trading volume and trading frequency at the security level, have been examined.
Abstract: India's financial markets went from a situation (as of 3 Nov 1994) with one dominant market which used open outcry, to a situation with two competing electronic exchanges (as of 2 June 1995). In this article, we explore the impact of automation and competition upon performance. We examine two measures of liquidity - aggregate trading volume and trading frequency at the security level - and both have improved strongly. The improvement in BSE trading frequency seems to be composed of a strongly positive effect of BOLT and a negative effect caused by competition with the NSE. Clear gains in market efficiency are observed - the short-term correlations of returns are diminished, as is the skewness of returns. We offer circumstantial evidence about an improvement in transparency of the exchange. There is some evidence that volatility has increased under BOLT, and that competition from the NSE has a negative impact upon volatility. We have some evidence that the time-dependance of volatility has increased across the transition.
TL;DR: In this article, Mohan and Parthasarathy proved that a matrix M ∈ Rn×n of exact order k, for any positive integer n ≥ k + 3, belongs to the class Q if and only if the degree of M is either +1 or -1.
Abstract: The classes of exact order k matrices for any positive integer k, were defined and studied by Mohan, Parthasarathy and Sridhar Mohan, S. R., T. Parthasarathy, R. Sridhar. 1994. The linear complementarity problem with exact order matrices. Math. Oper. Res.19 618--644.. Here, we prove results on the linear complementarity problem LCPq, M, for M belonging to the class of exact order k, k ≥ 3, using the concepts of degree theory. Our main result in this paper consists in proving that a matrix M ∈ Rn×n of exact order k, for any positive integer n ≥ k + 3, belongs to the class Q if and only if the degree of M is either +1 or -1. Also, a complete characterization of exact order 2 matrices is presented, in terms of their inverse structure.
TL;DR: In this article, the authors model joint implementation for emission reduction between a developed and a developing country, and show that the Pareto optimal JI can be achieved only when the governments negotiate over both abatement and transfer.
Abstract: This paper models joint implementation (JI) for emission reduction between a developed and a developing country. When the per unit price of JI abatement is negotiated, the relative pay-offs deviate from the ratio of bargaining powers. When firms bargain, country-wise gains can increase with a greater abatement target. But if the governments bargain, the developing country's gains increase at the expense of the developed country as the target increases. However, the Pareto optimal JI can be achieved only when the governments negotiate over both abatement and transfer.
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors derived a formula for estimating the P α measure of poverty when the relevant consumer expenditure/income distribution data are available in grouped form, and derived the formula is derived assuming consumption and income distribution to follow the three parameter lognormal distribution as a function of the moments of the income distribution.
Abstract: The focus of this paper is on deriving a formula for estimating the P α measure of poverty when the relevant consumer expenditure/income distribution data are available in grouped form. The formula is derived assuming consumption/income distribution to follow the three parameter lognormal distribution as a function of the moments of the income distribution. The moments are estimated using the method of Maximum Likelihood and hence the estimated poverty measure is consistent and efficient under certain very general conditions. The proposed formula is Illustrated with reference to the Indian National Sample Survey (NSS) data on consumption distribution for the period 1961-62 to 1990-91. The results show that the poor benefited (suffered) more during periods of general improvement (decline) in economic conditions and levels of living.