Showing papers by "Indira Gandhi Institute of Development Research published in 1997"
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TL;DR: In this article, the authors examined the relationship between widowhood and poverty in rural India, based on National Sample Survey data on consumer expenditure, and found no evidence of widows being disproportionately concentrated in poor households, or of female-headed households being poorer than male-head households.
296 citations
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TL;DR: In this paper, a study was conducted to survey the residents of Bombay and elicit their willingness to pay for the maintainance and preservation of Borivli National Park (BNP) using the Contingent Valuation (CV) method.
206 citations
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TL;DR: In this paper, the authors analyzed carbon dioxide emissions from energy consumption using an input-output (I-O) model, for different sectors of the Indian economy in 1990 and developed alternative scenarios are developed for 2005.
73 citations
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TL;DR: In this paper, the performance of power system stabilizers (PSS) under different system conditions and operating loads is analyzed, and two techniques for the tuning of PSS parameters are presented, one based on the Integral of Squared Error (ISE) criterion and the other based on phase compensation criterion.
35 citations
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TL;DR: The linkages between economic growth, energy consumption and carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions in India by analyzing the structure of production and consumption in the Indian economy was investigated in this paper.
Abstract: This article investigates the linkages between economic growth, energy consumption and carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions in India by analysing the structure of production and consumption in the Indian economy. We begin with an examination of the consumption pattern of six different income classes, three each in urban and rural India, and then estimate the direct and indirect energy and CO2 emission coefficients for supporting production in various sectors. This provides us with a basis for estimating the energy and emission content of the consumption baskets of the different income classes in India. CO2 emissions are projected to increase from 0.18 tonnes of carbon (tC) per capita in 1990 to about 0.62 tC per capita in 2020 under the reference scenario which corresponds to a GDP growth rate of 5.5% per annum. We then analyse scenarios of technology improvement in which emissions are reduced to 0.47 tC per capita in 2020. Our projection methodology takes into account the changes in aggregate consumpti
on pattern due to mobility of the population across the income classes and from rural to urban areas, besides the increase in per capita consumption of all classes.
34 citations
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TL;DR: In this paper, the authors studied 12 DSM options which could be implemented in various categories of industries in India and examined their costs and economic and environmental impacts, and estimated yearly targets for the next 15 years (1995-2010).
32 citations
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TL;DR: In this paper, the authors analyze the nexus between resource exhaustion and pollution externality using an overlapping generations framework where each generation lives only for a finite period and derive a modified Hotelling rule according to which the equilibrium resource price rises slower than the rate of interest in order to account for the damages due to the pollution stock generated by the resource used.
28 citations
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TL;DR: In this article, the authors examined the implications of a rise in the bargaining power of workers on the real wage, income distribution, and the levels of employment and output using a macroeconomic model with monopolistic competition and worker-owner Nash bargaining at the firm level.
Abstract: This paper examines the implications of a rise in the bargaining power of workers on the real wage, income distribution, and the levels of employment and output using a macroeconomic model with monopolistic competition and worker-owner Nash bargaining at the firm level. It thereby provides optimizing microfoundations to Kalecki's macroeconomic analysis of the positive effect on output of a rise in trade-union power, and contrasts it with the neoclassical view based on the diminishing marginal productivity of labor.
23 citations
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TL;DR: In this article, the impacts of trade liberalization for India have been examined with an applied general equilibrium model with nine agricultural sectors, one non-tradeable nonagriculture sector and one tradeable non agri-commodity sector and with five rural and five urban expenditure classes.
21 citations
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TL;DR: In this article, the authors estimate the demand function of housing for Bombay Metropolitan Region in a two-step econometric analysis, in which the first step estimates the hedonic price index for different regions in Bombay, and in the second step the demand for housing is estimated as a function of economic and household characteristics.
21 citations
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TL;DR: A comprehensive case study of Mumbai (Bombay), India was undertaken to investigate the economic, social and environmental impact of international trade of waste paper for recycling purposes between industrialised and developing countries as mentioned in this paper.
Abstract: A comprehensive case study of Mumbai (Bombay), India was undertaken to investigate the economic, social and environmental impact of international trade of waste paper for recycling purposes between industrialised and developing countries. Analysis of a Western approach vis-a-vis informal policy for waste paper recovery concludes that employment is maximum under informal policy measure and public response plays an important role in maintaining environmental quality. The study further shows that income inequality is more under informal policy, and without policy public cost will increase continuously in the future. The net present value of the informal policy is found to be higher than that for the formal policy. Econometric study on input substitution in the Indian paper industry suggests limited substitution possibilities between domestic and imported waste paper. Results from a static material balance flow model indicate that environmental impacts are less with increased trade and economically the paper sector in India benefits from free trade. Based upon the results of the study, some policy recommendations have been made that may enhance the efficiency of waste paper recycling in India.
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TL;DR: In spite of public criticism, the Enron corporation of USA was the first foreign firm to offer to build a power plant at Dabhol, a coastal town 250km south of Bombay as mentioned in this paper.
Abstract: When economic reforms in India opened up the power sector to foreign private power plants, the Enron corporation of the USA was the first foreign firm to offer to build a power plant at Dabhol, a coastal town 250km south of Bombay In spite of public criticism, Maharashtra State Electricity Board signed a power purchase agreement Subsequently, even though construction had started, a new state government first cancelled the deal and then renegotiated a new power purchase agreement The paper tells this story, assesses the economics of the original and renegotiated agreements, examines various objections against the original agreement, speculates on the political economy of the episode and draws lessons for power policy as well as for the various actors involved namely, the central government, state electricity boards and private investors
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TL;DR: In this article, the determinants of earnings among workers in low income settlements of Bombay were estimated using panel data on workers in two homeless (pavement-dwelling) communities and two slum communities.
Abstract: This article estimates the determinants of earnings among workers in low income settlements of Bombay. It uses panel data on workers in two homeless (pavement‐dwelling) communities and two slum communities. The estimated earnings functions, adjusted for community‐ and time‐specific fixed effects, show a good fit. Age and education are significant in all the regressions; however, some of the job‐related variables appear to be more important than the standard human capital variables in determining earnings. In conclusion, while a complex set of factors seem to determine earnings of workers in low‐income communities, institutional factors play an important role.
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TL;DR: In this article, the authors explored the implications of private storage and subsidized distribution of foodgrain for price stabilization policies in India through simulation exercises, and used a multi-market equilibrium approach to incorporate the simultaneity in the determination of supply and demand for the three major cereals.
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TL;DR: In this article, a simple duopoly model is considered where a capitalistic firm interacts with a firm in which decisions are reached via bargaining between workers and owner-managers, and various factors like the bargaining power of workers, their attitudes towards risk, the sequence of moves etc.
Abstract: This paper analyses the choice of organizational forms in strategic contexts. A simple duopoly model is considered where a capitalistic firm interacts with a firm in which decisions are reached via bargaining between workers and owner-managers. It is shown that various factors like the bargaining power of workers, their attitudes towards risk, the sequence of moves etc. can influence the choice of organizational form.
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01 Dec 1997••
TL;DR: In this article, the marginal cost of producing electricity after accounting for fixed outages was calculated by using the Kernel method and the maximum penalized likelihood method to estimate the load density.
Abstract: In this article, density estimation procedure is used to calculate the marginal cost of producing electricity after accounting for fixed outages. Two density estimation techniques, the Kernel method and the maximum penalized likelihood method are used to estimate load density. Next, in a production cost modeling framework, both the marginal variable operating cost and the marginal fixed capital cost are calculated for an Indian utility.
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TL;DR: In this article, the cost of supplying electricity in a grid is minimized in a nonlinear optimization framework and the formulation of the problem gives the incentive-compatible trading prices of electricity among many independently operating state utilities.
Abstract: The cost of supplying electricity in a grid is minimized in a nonlinear optimization framework The formulation of the problem gives the incentive-compatible trading prices of electricity among many independently operating state utilities. The problem is solved both for a central planner (central grid operator) and for the case of a slate planner (independent state utility). It is proved that there exist trading prices that are compatible with both. Finally, as an example, the theorem is applied to the case of the Indian National Grid.
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TL;DR: In this paper, the authors used the "supply shock" approach to make an assessment of the reform process in India and found that a process of economic reforms has a direct short-run impact on relative prices, and can thus be viewed as providing a supply shock to the economy.
Abstract: This paper uses the ‘supply shock’ approach postulated by Ball and Mankiw to make an assessment of the reform process in India. In the presence of menu costs, a positively skewed distribution implies that more producers actually increase their prices than decrease them, leading to an increase in the inflation rate in the short run. This is tantamount to a negative supply shock. Conversely, a negatively skewed distribution indicates a positive supply shock. In this paper, we argue that a process of economic reforms has a direct short-run impact on relative prices, and can thus be viewed as providing a supply shock to the economy. We first statistically validate the supply shock argument for Indian data from 1982 to 1996. We then examine the behaviour of the skewness (and some other parameters) of the distribution of relative price changes over the four governments that India has had over this period. Somewhat surprisingly, we find that the properties of the distribution of relative price changes do not ind...