Indira Gandhi National Tribal University

About: Indira Gandhi National Tribal University is a(n) education organization based out in Amarkantak, India. It is known for research contribution in the topic(s): Routing protocol & Population. The organization has 188 authors who have published 508 publication(s) receiving 2868 citation(s).

SPR Biosensors: Historical Perspectives and Current Challenges

Abstract: SPR is a real-time, label-free measurement of binding kinetics and affinity. Success of SPR biosensor is evident by the growing number of commercially available instruments. In the current review, development in plasmon resonance techniques such as SPR, SPR-imaging (microscope, spectroscope, Electrochemical Impedance), nanoplasmonics and microfluidics, membrane proteins: receptor studies, sensors based on polarization and interferometery, PWR, SPR–MS, Signal locked SPR, FOPPR, Mid-IR SPR, trends in protein array technology and point-of-care (POC) testing over last decade are summarized. In addition, advancement over sensor configuration, mechanism and immobilization techniques are also discussed. Advantage and disadvantage of each methodology is provided along with some of the latest accomplishments.

Metabolomics for Plant Improvement: Status and Prospects.

Abstract: Post-genomics era has witnessed the development of cutting-edge technologies that have offered cost-efficient and high-throughput ways for molecular characterization of the function of a cell or organism. Large-scale metabolite profiling assays have allowed researchers to access the global data sets of metabolites and the corresponding metabolic pathways in an unprecedented way. Recent efforts in metabolomics have been directed to improve the quality along with a major focus on yield. Importantly, an integration of metabolomics with other approaches such as quantitative genetics, transcriptomics and genetic modification has established its immense relevance to plant improvement. An effective combination of these modern approaches guide researchers to pinpoint the functional gene(s) and the characterization of massive metabolites, in order to prioritize the candidate genes for downstream analyses and ultimately, offering trait specific markers to improve commercially important traits. This in turn will improve the ability of a plant breeders by allowing them to make more informed decisions. Given this, the present review captures the significant leads gained in the past decade in the field of plant metabolomics accompanied by a brief discussion on the current contribution and the future scope of metabolomics to accelerate plant improvement.

Gold nanoparticles as a localized surface plasmon resonance based chemical sensor for on-site colorimetric detection of arsenic in water samples

Abstract: We report the lauryl sulphate (LS) modified gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) as a localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) based chemical sensor for the colorimetric detection of arsenic in water samples. This colorimetric LSPR based detection of arsenic found to be a simple, selective, sensitive, and can be applied at the sample source. The method was based on the color change of AuNPs from pink to blue with the addition of arsenic to NPs that caused the shift in LSPR band due to the inter-particle coupling effect. The best performance for the detection of arsenic was obtained when the pH of the solution was 5.0, concentration of NPs was 25 μM and the reaction time was 5 min. The calibration curve was linear over 5–500 μg L−1 arsenic with limit of detection (LOD) of 2 μg L−1 and correlation estimation (r2) of 0.994. The optimized method was successfully applied for the determination of arsenic in contaminated water samples. The concentration of arsenic found in water samples of central India was in the range 15–350 μg L−1 which was found higher than WHO tolerance limit value of 10 μg L−1 (TLV).

The energetic brain – A review from students to students

Abstract: The past 20 years have resulted in unprecedented progress in understanding brain energy metabolism and its role in health and disease. In this review, which was initiated at the 14th International Society for Neurochemistry Advanced School, we address the basic concepts of brain energy metabolism and approach the question of why the brain has high energy expenditure. Our review illustrates that the vertebrate brain has a high need for energy because of the high number of neurons and the need to maintain a delicate interplay between energy metabolism, neurotransmission, and plasticity. Disturbances to the energetic balance, to mitochondria quality control or to glia-neuron metabolic interaction may lead to brain circuit malfunction or even severe disorders of the CNS. We cover neuronal energy consumption in neural transmission and basic ('housekeeping') cellular processes. Additionally, we describe the most common (glucose) and alternative sources of energy namely glutamate, lactate, ketone bodies, and medium chain fatty acids. We discuss the multifaceted role of non-neuronal cells in the transport of energy substrates from circulation (pericytes and astrocytes) and in the supply (astrocytes and microglia) and usage of different energy fuels. Finally, we address pathological consequences of disrupted energy homeostasis in the CNS.

Polysorbate 80 coated crosslinked chitosan nanoparticles of ropinirole hydrochloride for brain targeting

Abstract: Targeting ropinirole hydrochloride (R-HCl) to brain in effective amount may be a breakthrough in the treatment of Parkinson's disease due to its extensive first-pass metabolism in stomach after oral administration. The aim of the present investigation was to increase the brain uptake of R-HCl through chitosan nanoparticles prepared by conventional emulsification crosslinking method. The drug encapsulation efficiency (%), particle size, polydispersity index and zeta potential of polysorbate 80 coated R-HCl loaded chitosan nanoparticles were found satisfactory. These coated nanoparticles were characterized by SEM, FTIR and DSC analyses. In vitro drug release from different uncoated and coated chitosan nanoparticles showed initial burst release of R-HCl followed by a sustained release over 10 h. The coated nanoparticles were found stable over 3 months storage. In vivo biodistribution studies in Wistar rats exhibited higher R-HCl concentrations in brain with less accumulations of R-HCl in liver, spleen and kidney for polysorbate 80 coated R-HCl loaded chitosan nanoparticles after 1 h of dose administration (i.v.) as compared to these of uncoated R-HCl loaded chitosan nanoparticles and pure R-HCl. These observations suggested that the surface coated R-HCl loaded chitosan nanoparticles could be a useful tool to improve brain accumulation of R-HCl.