Showing papers by "Indonesian Institute of Sciences published in 2004"
TL;DR: Foraminiferal Mg/Ca, alkenone, and revised coral Sr/Ca palaeothermometry have been used to reveal that the tropical Pacific played a role as a source region of water vapour during the global expansion of Little Ice Age glaciers.
345 citations
TL;DR: The hypothesis that Pleistocene land bridges enabled widespread movements in three rain-forest-restricted murine rodents of the Sunda shelf is tested and a deep history of vicariant evolution that may correspond with the Pliocene fragmentation of theSunda block is suggested.
Abstract: The Sunda region of south-east Asia comprises the Malay Peninsula and the islands of Java, Sumatra and Borneo, all of which lie on a shallow continental shelf projecting from Indochina. Pleistocene glacial cycles caused sea levels to drop repeatedly, exposing vast areas of the Sunda shelf and creating land bridges among the islands and mainland. These land bridges, the latest of which connected all three of the major Sunda islands to the Malay Peninsula as recently as 9500 years ago, may have enabled mammalian migrations across the Sunda shelf. Pleistocene land bridges on the Sunda shelf have been invoked to explain the current distributions of mammalian taxa occupying ranges corresponding with the Pleistocene limits of land and the appearance of new mammal species in the Pleistocene fossil record. The ability of mammals to move throughout the exposed shelf during periods of low sea level would, however, have been influenced by topographic and ecological features, which have been variously described as savanna-like or as moist tropical rain forest. Using a phylogeographical approach, we test the hypothesis that Pleistocene land bridges enabled widespread movements in three rain-forest-restricted murine rodents of the Sunda shelf: Maxomys surifer, Leopoldamys sabanus and Maxomys whiteheadi. Our results do not support the hypothesis of broad Pleistocene migrations in these taxa, but instead suggest a deep history of vicariant evolution that may correspond with the Pliocene fragmentation of the Sunda block. © 2004 The Linnean Society of London, Biological Journal of the Linnean Society, 2004, 81, 91–109.
202 citations
TL;DR: Two cytotoxic rocaglate derivatives possessing an unusual dioxanyloxy unit, silvestrol and episilvestrol, were isolated from the fruits and twigs of Aglaia silvestris by bioassay-guided fractionation monitored with a human oral epidermoid carcinoma (KB) cell line.
Abstract: Two cytotoxic rocaglate derivatives possessing an unusual dioxanyloxy unit, silvestrol (1) and episilvestrol (2), were isolated from the fruits and twigs of Aglaia silvestris by bioassay-guided fractionation monitored with a human oral epidermoid carcinoma (KB) cell line. Additionally, two new baccharane-type triterpenoids, 17,24-epoxy-25-hydroxybaccharan-3-one (3) and 17,24-epoxy-25-hydroxy-3-oxobaccharan-21-oic acid (4), as well as eleven known compounds, 1β,6α-dihydroxy-4(15)-eudesmene (5), ferulic acid (6), grasshopper ketone (7), apigenin, cabraleone, chrysoeriol, 1β,4β-dihydroxy-6α,15α-epoxyeudesmane, 4-hydroxy-3-methoxyacetophenone, 4-hydroxyphenethyl alcohol, ocotillone, and β-sitosterol 3-O-β-d-glucopyranoside, were also isolated and characterized. The structures of compounds 1−4 were elucidated by spectroscopic studies and by chemical transformation. The absolute stereochemistry of silvestrol (1) was established by a X-ray diffraction study of its di-p-bromobenzoate derivative, and the structure...
180 citations
TL;DR: Three new stilbene oligomers were isolated from the stem bark of Vatica pauciflora and elucidated by means of spectroscopic data interpretation, especially HMBC and NOESY NMR experiments.
Abstract: Three new stilbene oligomers (1-3) were isolated from the stem bark of Vatica pauciflora. The structures of a resveratrol heptamer (pauciflorol D) (1), a resveratrol dimer (pauciflorol E) (2), and an indanone derivative (pauciflorol F) (3) were elucidated by means of spectroscopic data interpretation, especially HMBC and NOESY NMR experiments.
132 citations
TL;DR: The complete nucleotide sequence (501,020 bp) of the mitochondrial genome from cytoplasmic male-sterile (CMS) sugar beet was determined and comparison revealed that the two genomes have the same complement of genes of known function.
Abstract: The complete nucleotide sequence (501,020 bp) of the mitochondrial genome from cytoplasmic male-sterile (CMS) sugar beet was determined. This enabled us to compare the sequence with that previously published for the mitochondrial genome of normal, male-fertile sugar beet. The comparison revealed that the two genomes have the same complement of genes of known function. The rRNA and tRNA genes encoded in the CMS mitochondrial genome share 100% sequence identity with their respective counterparts in the normal genome. We found a total of 24 single nucleotide substitutions in 11 protein genes encoded by the CMS mitochondrial genome. However, none of these seems to be responsible for male sterility. In addition, several other ORFs were found to be actively transcribed in sugar beet mitochondria. Among these, Norf246 was observed to be present in the normal mitochondrial genome but absent from the CMS genome. However, it seems unlikely that the loss of Norf246 is causally related to the expression of CMS, because previous studies on mitochondrial translation products failed to detect the product of this ORF. Conversely, the CMS genome contains four transcribed ORFs (Satp6presequence, Scox2-2 , Sorf324 and Sorf119) which are missing from the normal genome. These ORFs, which are potential candidates for CMS genes, were shown to be generated by mitochondrial genome rearrangements.
129 citations
TL;DR: This paper used coral microatolls in western Sumatra to document vertical deformation associated with subduction and found evidence of a large aseismic slip or "silent event" in 1962, 27 years after the 1935 event.
Abstract: We utilize coral microatolls in western Sumatra to document vertical deformation associated with subduction. Microatolls are very sensitive to fluctuations in sea level and thus act as natural tide gauges. They record not only the magnitude of vertical deformation associated with earthquakes (paleoseismic data), but also continuously track the long-term aseismic deformation that occurs during the intervals between earthquakes (paleogeodetic data). This paper focuses on the twentieth century paleogeodetic history of the equatorial region. Our coral paleogeodetic record of the 1935 event reveals a classical example of deformations produced by seismic rupture of a shallow subduction interface. The site closest to the trench rose 90 cm, whereas sites further east sank by as much as 35 cm. Our model reproduces these paleogeodetic data with a 2.3 m slip event on the interface 88 to 125 km from the trench axis. Our coral paleogeodetic data reveal slow submergence during the decades before and after the event in the areas of coseismic emergence. Likewise, interseismic emergence occurred before and after the 1935 event in areas of coseismic submergence. Among the interesting phenomenon we have discovered in the coral record is evidence of a large aseismic slip or “silent event” in 1962, 27 years after the 1935 event. Paleogeodetic deformation rates in the decades before, after, and between the 1935 and 1962 events have varied both temporally and spatially. During the 25 years following the 1935 event, submergence rates were dramatically greater than in prior decades. During the past four decades, however, rates have been lower than in the preceding decades, but are still higher than they were prior to 1935. These paleogeodetic records enable us to model the kinematics of the subduction interface throughout the twentieth century.
121 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the East Sulawesi Ophiolite (ESO) is shown to have similarities with those of mid-ocean ridge (MOR) origin, rather than those of suprasubduction zone (SSZ) origin.
105 citations
TL;DR: Bioactivity-directed fractionation of extracts of two Diospyros maritima bark samples from Indonesia yielded a diverse set of secondary metabolites, including a new naphthoquinone derivative, (4S)-shinanolone, and a new natural product coumarin.
Abstract: Bioactivity-directed fractionation of extracts of two Diospyros maritima bark samples from Indonesia, one collected at sea level in a beach forest in Java and the other collected at a slight elevation away from the sea shore on the island of Lombok, yielded a diverse set of secondary metabolites. The naphthoquinone plumbagin (1), although found in extracts of both specimens, constituted a much larger percentage of the former sample, which also yielded a series of plumbagin dimers, maritinone (2), chitranone (3), and zeylanone (4). The latter sample yielded a new naphthoquinone derivative, (4S)-shinanolone (5), and a new natural product coumarin, 7,8-dimethoxy-6-hydroxycoumarin (6), along with three other analogues of plumbagin, 2-methoxy-7-methyljuglone (7), 3-methoxy-7-methyljuglone (8), and 7-methyljuglone (9). The structures of compounds 5 and 6 were elaborated by physical, spectral, and chemical methods. All of the isolates were evaluated in both cytotoxicity and antimicrobial assays, and structure−ac...
91 citations
TL;DR: The results of these studies indicate that the genetic base of the cultivars is narrow, which implies that crosses between accessions originating from only one country are not desirable and it is appropriate to cross cultivars from both genepools.
Abstract: Morphological characterisation of 2,298 accessions collected in Indonesia, Malaysia, Thailand, Vietnam, the Philippines, Papua New Guinea and Vanuatu was conducted with 23 standardised descriptors and data bases were developed. More than 2,000 cultivars were electrophoresed on starch gels and six enzyme systems were revealed successfully (MDH, PGI, ICD, PGD, ME, SKDH). Each country selected a core sample for sharing composed of elite cultivars representing approximately 10% of the total number of accessions. Ploidy levels were determined using flow cytometry. AFLP fingerprinting was conducted on all cultivars included in the core sample. Meristems were excised and these genotypes were tissue cultured, indexed for DMV and distributed to participating countries. In Vanuatu, 378 cultivars were grown in a common plot, planted and harvested the same day, and their corms were boiled and submitted to a blind panel test composed of ten participants. Their eating quality was scored on a scale from 1 to 6 (excellent). The physico-chemical characteristics of 31 cultivars, representing different morphotypes and including excellent and poor cultivars, were analysed to assess the extent of variation existing for traits related to corm quality (dry matter content, minerals, lipids, proteins, gelatinisation temperature, amylose, glucose, fructose, saccharose, maltose and starch content). The results of these studies indicate that the genetic base of the cultivars is narrow. Only six zymotypes represent more than 51% of the total number of accessions electrophoresed and only 21 zymotypes represent more than the two thirds (70%) of the total number of accessions. AFLP analysis confirm the isozymes results and two distinct genepools are revealed, one in S.E. Asia and the other in the Pacific. It implies that crosses between accessions originating from only one country are not desirable and it is appropriate to cross cultivars from both genepools. Except for the temperature of gelatinisation, all physico-chemical characteristics are variable. Good taste is correlated with high dry matter, starch and amylose contents.
88 citations
TL;DR: Skipjack tuna is a suitable bioindicator for monitoring the global distribution of BTs in offshore waters and open seas and the finding that the anthropogenic BTs represent the major source of Sn accumulation in skipjack tuna from these regions is suggested.
71 citations
TL;DR: It is shown that iron fertilization by the 1997 Indonesian wildfires was sufficient to produce the extraordinary red tide, leading to reef death by asphyxiation, highlighting tropical wildfires as an escalating threat to coastal marine ecosystems.
Abstract: The comment by van Woesik ([ 1 ][1]) discusses other cases of reef death in the eastern Indian Ocean region during 1997 and concludes that while wildfires may have exacerbated phytoplankton blooms off the coast of Sumatra (Mentawai Islands), upwelling related to the Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD)—
TL;DR: A novel modulator of multidrug resistance (MDR) in tumor cells, kendarimide A ( 1 ), was isolated from an Indonesian marine sponge of Haliclona sp.
TL;DR: Activity-guided fractionation of the leaves of Macaranga triloba, using an in vitro bioassay based on the inhibition of cyclooxygenase-2, resulted in the isolation of a rotenoid, 4,5-dihydro-5' alpha-hydroxy-4'alpha-methoxy-6a,12a-dehydro-alpha-toxicarol (1), as well as 12 known compounds.
TL;DR: Pollen and radiocarbon analyses have been used to study environmental and mangrove dynamics at two near-coastal sites at Batulicin, South Kalimantan and Pare-Pare, South Sulawesi, Indonesia as mentioned in this paper.
TL;DR: It is clarified that the quinone skeleton is indispensable and the amino group plays an important role for their differentiation-inducing activity to K562 cells into erythroblast from the marine sponge Dactylospongia elegans.
Abstract: A new sesquiterpene aminoquinone, 5-epi-smenospongorine, together with nine known sesquiterpene quinone/phenols, was isolated as differentiation-inducing substances to K562 cells into erythroblast from the marine sponge Dactylospongia elegans. The structure-activity relationship study of these compounds clarified that the quinone skeleton is indispensable and the amino group plays an important role for their differentiation-inducing activity to K562 cells into erythroblast.
TL;DR: In this paper, accelerator mass spectrometric (AMS) measurements of 14C/12C ratios (Δ14C) in Porites corals from the Mentawai Islands, Sumatra (0°S, 98°E) and Watamu, Kenya (3°S and 39°E), were presented to document the temporal and spatial evolution of the 14C zonal gradient in the tropical Indian Ocean.
Abstract: [1] Radiocarbon (14C) in the skeletal aragonite of annually banded corals track radiocarbon concentrations in dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) in surface seawater. As a result of nuclear weapons testing in the 1950s, oceanic uptake of excess 14C in the atmosphere has increased the contrast between surface and deep ocean 14C concentrations. We present accelerator mass spectrometric (AMS) measurements of 14C/12C ratios (Δ14C) in Porites corals from the Mentawai Islands, Sumatra (0°S, 98°E) and Watamu, Kenya (3°S, 39°E) to document the temporal and spatial evolution of the 14C zonal gradient in the tropical Indian Ocean. The rise in Δ14C in the Sumatra coral, in response to the maximum in nuclear weapons testing, is delayed by 2–3 years relative to the rise in coral Δ14C from the coast of Kenya. Kenya coral Δ14C values rise quickly because surface waters are in prolonged contact with the atmosphere. In contrast, wind-induced upwelling and rapid mixing along the coast of Sumatra entrains 14C-depleted water from the subsurface, which dilutes the effect of the uptake of bomb-produced 14C by the surface ocean. Bimonthly AMS Δ14C measurements on the Mentawai coral reveal mainly interannual variability with minor seasonal variability. Singular spectrum analysis of the Sumatra coral Δ14C record reveals a significant 3-year periodicity. These results lend support to the concept that interannual variability in Indian Ocean upwelling and sea surface temperatures is related to ENSO-like teleconnections over the Indo-Pacific basin.
TL;DR: In this paper, the microstructure of mesoporous titania-alumina ceramics was evaluated by thermal analysis (TG-DTA), N2 adsorption, scanning electron microscopy, and X-ray diffraction.
Abstract: Mesoporous titania–alumina ceramics are interesting as catalysts and catalyst supports. Monolithic wet-gels of 0.2TiO2–0.8Al2O3, prepared by hydrolysis of metal alkoxides in alcoholic solutions, were dried at 90 °C (xerogel), immersed into a surfactant solution before drying (surfactant-modified gel), or the solvent in wet gels was supercritically extracted in one step from CO2 at 60 °C and 24 Mpa for 2 h (aerogel). Thermal evolution of the microstructure of the gels was evaluated by thermal analyses (TG-DTA), N2 adsorption, scanning electron microscopy, and X-ray diffraction. After calcination at 500 °C, the specific surface area of the gels was >400 m2 g−1. The average pore radius for the supercritically extracted titania–alumina gel, about 8 nm (∼50% of that for alumina aerogels), was 2–4 times larger than that of the surfactant-modified gels and of the xerogel. The specific surface area of the surfactant-modified gels and of the supercritically extracted gels was more than 150 m2 g−1 after calcination at 800 °C. The pore size and pore volume of these gels minimally decreased after calcination at 800 °C, while those values of the xerogel markedly decreased. The thermal stability of the microstructure of mesoporous titania–alumina is improved by surfactant immersion or supercritical extraction.
TL;DR: The volatile constituents of rhizomes (main rhizome, lateral parts) of two medicinally used Indonesian plants of the family Zingiberaceae, Kaempferia rotunda L. and K. angustifolia Roscoe, were investigated by GC and GC-MS (EI) analysis as discussed by the authors.
Abstract: The volatile constituents of rhizomes (main rhizome, lateral parts) of two medicinally used Indonesian plants of the family Zingiberaceae, Kaempferia rotunda L. and K. angustifolia Roscoe, were investigated by GC and GC-MS (EI) analysis. A total of 75 compounds were identified. The most abundant constituents were benzyl benzoate (69.7%, 20.2%), n-pentadecane (22.9%, 53.8%) and camphene (1.0%, 6.2%) in K. rotunda, and n-pentadecane (17.8%, 5.0%), camphene (9.1%, 12.4%), camphor (6.2%, 5.7%) and bornyl formate (3.7%, 16.3%) in K. angustifolia. Although both species are known in Java under the same local name (kunci pepet) and probably will be interexchanged, there are some marked phytochemical differences. Copyright (C) 2004 John Wiley Sons, Ltd.
TL;DR: Two new stilbene tetramers, grandiphenols A (1) and B (2), along with ten known stilbenzene oligomers and bergenin were isolated from the stem of Dipterocarpus grandiflorus as discussed by the authors.
Abstract: Two new stilbene tetramers, grandiphenols A (1) and B (2), along with ten known stilbene oligomers and bergenin were isolated from the stem of Dipterocarpus grandiflorus. The structures of 1 and 2 composed of four resveratrol (=5-[(1E)-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)ethenyl]benzene-1,3-diol) units had eight asymmetric C-atoms in the partial structures of a tetrahydrofuran and two dihydrobenzofuran moieties. Detailed spectroscopic analyses, especially HMBC and NOESY experiments, allowed to differentiate the configurations of 1 and 2.
TL;DR: Eight new briarane diterpenes have been isolated from two species of octocorals and the structures elucidated by spectroscopic analysis, inhibition of cytokinesis, causing multinuclei formation on NBT-II cells, and reversal of multidrug resistance.
Abstract: Eight new briarane diterpenes (1-4, 7-10) have been isolated from two species of octocorals and the structures elucidated by spectroscopic analysis. Two diterpenes (2, 3) from the gorgonian Ellisella sp. inhibited cytokinesis, causing multinuclei formation on NBT-II cells, while a known briarane (12) from the sea pen Pteroeides sp. showed reversal of multidrug resistance.
TL;DR: Of 45 plant extracts studied, Arcangelisia flava, Curcuma zedoaria, Garcinia benthamiana, Lansium domesticum and Peronema canescens were found to have appreciable antibabesial activity with IC50 values from 5.3 to 49.3 microg/ml.
Abstract: The inhibitory effects of 45 plant extracts selected from Central Kalimantan, Indonesia on Babesia gibsoni in vitro and their acute toxicity to mice were evaluated. Of these plant extracts studied, Arcangelisia flava, Curcuma zedoaria, Garcinia benthamiana, Lansium domesticum and Peronema canescens were found to have appreciable antibabesial activity with IC50 values from 5.3 to 49.3 μg/ml without acute toxicity in mice at the intraperitoneal dose of 0.7 g/kg of body weight.
TL;DR: In this paper, a depth profiling analysis of wood samples using Fourier transform infrared photoacoustic spectroscopy (FTIR-PAS) was carried out to obtain information on the chemical changes caused by weathering.
Abstract: Depth profiling analysis of wood samples using Fourier transform infrared photoacoustic spectroscopy (FTIR-PAS) was carried out to obtain information on the chemical changes caused by weathering. The test samples used for PAS measurements were tropical wood species, puspa (Schima wallichii Korth) and kapur (Dryobalanop lanceolata Burck), that were exposed outdoors for periods of 2–32 weeks. FTIR-PAS spectra of the weathered surfaces were recorded at various moving-mirror velocities in the range from 0.081 to 0.56 cm/s (linear-scan method) to provide the depth profiling analysis. The band intensity of vibrations attributed to phenyl groups clearly decreased as weathering proceeded and demonstrated a tendency to be reduced with a decrease in the photoacoustic probing depth during relatively short weathering periods. The bands of C=O groups also exhibited remarkable spectral changes. The PAS spectra of the tropical wood changed considerably during the 32 weeks of weathering, and their spectral contours gradually approached that of pure cellulose (microcrystalline). It was noted that FTIR-PAS is very useful for depth profiling analysis of the wood surface in the early stages of deterioration.
TL;DR: Eryvarin R (6) is an unusual 3‐aryl‐2,3‐dihydrobenzofuran derivative with a formyl (CHO) group that showed potent antibacterial activity against methicillin‐resistant Staphylococcus aureus.
Abstract: Three new isoflavonoids, eryvarins M-O (1-3), two new 2-arylbenzofurans, eryvarins P and Q (4 and 5), and a new 3-aryl-2,3-dihydrobenzofuran, eryvarin R (6), together with three known compounds, were isolated from the roots of Erythrina variegata. The structures of these compounds were established by spectroscopic analysis. Eryvarin R (6) is an unusual 3-aryl-2,3-dihydrobenzofuran derivative with a formyl (CHO) group. Eryvarin Q (5) showed potent antibacterial activity against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus.
TL;DR: Positive correlation between the mangrove area and penaeid shrimp catch found in Indonesia, the Philippines, Australia and Mexico and the most important part of the variance of the MSY (Maximum Sustainable Yield) of penaieds could be explained by a combination of area of mangroves habitats and latitude.
Abstract: Blessed with mangrove area of some 96 million ha in extent, Indonesia represents an important country with fishery resources being a source of food and nutrients The fishery resources utilized by man, such as fishes, crustaceans and mollusks that are found in the mangrove ecosystem/swamp area arc enormous There is a range of species caught in the mangrove and surrounding areas with over 70 species However, commercially valued species are limited to a few such as rabbit fish, snapper, grouper, marline catfish, fringe-scale sardine, and anchovy Leaf detritus from mangroves contribute a major energy input into fisheries But information about the study on the relationship between fishery species and mangroves, ecologically and biologically, arc scanty The mangrove is a physiographic unit, the principal components of which arc organisms Therefore, the problems are predominantly of a biological nature (eg, mangroves - fishery relationship) Positive correlation between the mangrove area and penaeid shrimp catch found in Indonesia, the Philippines, Australia and Mexico Finally, the most important part of the variance of the MSY (Maximum Sustainable Yield) of penaieds (53% of the variance) could be explained by a combination of area of mangrove habitats and latitude Keywords : Indonesia/Mangrove/Ecosystem/Fisheries/Ecology/Coastal areas/Fishes/Molluscans/ Crustaceans
TL;DR: In vitro analysis revealed that 1 specifically eliminated superoxide radical anion (O(2)(-)) among several ROS tested, and the following hypothesis is formulated for the mechanism of intracellular ROS generation by treatment with 1: 1 taken into the target cells is reduced specifically by intrACEllular reductants such as NAD(P)H.
TL;DR: The EtOAc-soluble extract of the stems of M. pomiferus was found to inhibit the enzyme cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and led to the isolation of two dibenzylbutyrolactone lignans and seven known compounds.
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors inverted satellite and sea-surface gravity data into an iterative scheme including a priori seismological and geological data, and the resulting 3D density model images the various tectonic units from the surface down to 40 km.
25 Jun 2004
TL;DR: The taxonomic status of this species is doubtful because of the fact that more than a century there is no clear type addressed to this species as mentioned in this paper, and therefore, taxonomies of dragon's blood group are uncertain.
Abstract: Dragon's blood group or locally known as rotan iernang distribute from Malay Peninsula, Sumatra, Borneo to Java Ten species are recognized formerly but only Daemonorops draco (Wild) Blume is very well known worldwide and widespread in Sumatra Sometimes botanist regarded this species to other related species Red resin on its fruit scales have been used by Anal{ Dalani and Talang Mamak tribes from Bukit Tiga Puluh National Park as dying or furnishing Unfortunately, taxonomic status of this species is doubtful because of the fact that more than a century there is no clear type addressed to this species New type of Daemonorops draco Blume is designated here together with the distribution and ecology, and economic botany information
TL;DR: Based on the observation of herbarium collection in Herbarium Bogoriense, the distribution of the most dipterocarps species was in the altitude of 0-500 m and 500-1000 m on the dipters forest type.
Abstract: Dipterocarpaceae is one of the biggest family with >500 species in the world, and most of dipterocarps population aregrown in Indonesia which have high economical value of wood. One of the most important value from dipterocarps species is high on endemicities; there are up to 128 species (53.78%) from 238 dipterocarps species in Indonesia. Distribution of dipterocarps species would be affected by some factors especially edaphic, climate, and altitude. In Indonesia the dipterocarps species distribution could be shown from islands groups, number of species and forest types. Based on the observation of herbarium collection in Herbarium Bogoriense the distribution of the most dipterocarps species was in the altitude of 0-500 m and 500-1000 m on the dipterocarps forest type. Kalimantan and Sumatra were the two bigger islands with have the dipterocarps species distributed relatively high on population and species.© 2004 Jurusan Biologi FMIPA UNS SurakartaKeywords: Dipterocarpaceae, ecological distribution, altitude, Indonesia.
TL;DR: The lower mean heterozygosity and small genetic distances between eastern island populations of M. muricola is evidence that there has been a bottleneck associated with the colonization of this area, and the attenuation of genetic diversity to the east is also seen in some other mammalian species and may indicate limits to dispersal and have implications for species management.
Abstract: Wallacean island populations of two Vespertilioninae bats, Myotis muricola and Scotophilus kuhlii, which have similar geographical ranges, showed marked contrast in the amount and pattern of genetic variation. Within islands, genetic variation was on average much higher in M. muricola but declined from west to east, whereas all populations of S. kuhlii had uniformly low levels of genetic variation by mammalian standards. S. kuhlii showed little genetic differentiation between islands and estimates of gene flow were substantial whereas island populations of M. muricola differed markedly and there was a strong isolation-by-distance effect associated with the extent of the sea crossing between islands. Furthermore, the lower mean heterozygosity and small genetic distances between eastern island populations of M. muricola is evidence that there has been a bottleneck associated with the colonization of this area. The attenuation of genetic diversity to the east is also seen in some other mammalian species and may indicate limits to dispersal and have implications for species management. The patterns of variability in S. kuhlii may be a consequence of its strong dispersal capacity and close association with human activity, which, together with other factors, suggest a panmictic population. © 2004 The Linnean Society of London, Biological Journal of the Linnean Society, 2004, 83, 421–431.