Showing papers by "Indonesian Institute of Sciences published in 2007"
TL;DR: Some marine fish showed Hg levels higher than the guideline values by U.S. Environmental Protection Agency and Joint FAO/WHO Expert Committee on Food Additives (JECFA) suggests that consumption of these fish may be hazardous to the people.
202 citations
TL;DR: It is found that IOD events during the middle Holocene were characterized by a longer duration of strong surface ocean cooling, together with droughts that peaked later than those expected by El Niño forcing alone, which implies that the socioeconomic impacts of projected future changes in Asian monsoon strength may extend throughout Australasia.
Abstract: Detailed climatic reconstructions of the past 6,300 years from massive corals document previously unknown changes in the Indian Ocean Dipole — a climatic oscillation that has profound impacts on rainfall in the Indian Ocean region. These new records reveal an unexpected connection between protracted droughts in Indonesia and periods of strong Asian monsoon rainfall. Future changes in Asian monsoon strength are therefore likely to have more widespread consequences than previously forecast. Predictions of changing monsoon strength have focused mainly on the impact on Asia and India, but the new data point to adverse consequences throughout Australasia. The Indian Ocean Dipole1,2 (IOD)—an oscillatory mode of coupled ocean–atmosphere variability—causes climatic extremes and socio-economic hardship throughout the tropical Indian Ocean region1,2,3,4,5. There is much debate about how the IOD interacts with the El Nino/Southern Oscillation (ENSO) and the Asian monsoon, and recent changes in the historic ENSO–monsoon relationship6 raise the possibility that the properties of the IOD may also be evolving. Improving our understanding of IOD events and their climatic impacts thus requires the development of records defining IOD activity in different climatic settings, including prehistoric times when ENSO and the Asian monsoon behaved differently from the present day. Here we use coral geochemical records from the equatorial eastern Indian Ocean to reconstruct surface-ocean cooling and drought during individual IOD events over the past ∼6,500 years. We find that IOD events during the middle Holocene were characterized by a longer duration of strong surface ocean cooling, together with droughts that peaked later than those expected by El Nino forcing alone. Climate model simulations suggest that this enhanced cooling and drying was the result of strong cross-equatorial winds driven by the strengthened Asian monsoon of the middle Holocene. These IOD–monsoon connections imply that the socioeconomic impacts of projected future changes in Asian monsoon strength may extend throughout Australasia.
189 citations
TL;DR: It is found that most species are threatened by a number of interacting factors – threat syndromes, and several future risks may be mitigated effectively by simple, low-cost changes in policy.
108 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the Sumatran oblique convergence is accommodated by a strike-slip fault, and the authors constructed deterministic and probabilistic hazard assessments based on these active fault data.
Abstract: The substantial portion of the dextral component of the Sumatran oblique convergence is accommodated by the Sumatran fault. This 1900 km-long active strike-slip fault zone runs along the backbone of Sumatra pose seismic and fault hazards to dense population on and around the fault zones. The Sumatran fault is highly segmented, and consists of 20 major geometrically defined segments, which range in length from about 60 to 200 km. These segment lengths influenced seismic source dimensions and have limited the magnitudes of large historical fault ruptures to between Mw 6.5 and about 7.7. Slip rates along the fault increase northwestward, from about 5 mm/yr around the Sunda Strait to 27 mm/yr around Toba Lake. These sliprate values provide a quantitative basis for calculation of average expected recurrence periods for large earthquakes on each segment. Deterministic and probabilistic hazard assessments are constructed based on these active fault data.
102 citations
TL;DR: Results suggest that many as-yet-unknown hydrocarbon-degrading bacteria are present in tropical marine environments.
Abstract: Seawater sampled from the Semarang port in Indonesia was streaked onto inorganic-medium plates coated with weathered crude oil, and 153 strains were isolated. Analyses of 16S rRNA gene sequences identified 67 different phylotypes affiliated with Alphaproteobacteria (111 strains/44 phylotypes), Gammaproteobacteria (8/8) and Actinobacteria (34/15). The organisms represented by 36 phylotypes could transform petroleum components in pure cultures. Many of them were affiliated with genera yet unrelated to hydrocarbon degradation. Strains unaffiliated with known genera were also obtained. Results suggest that many as-yet-unknown hydrocarbon-degrading bacteria are present in tropical marine environments.
96 citations
TL;DR: The Malino Metamorphic Complex (MMC) as mentioned in this paper is an E-W elongated dome-like structure bounded on all sides by faults, and the age of the MMC is constrained between Devonian and Early Carboniferous.
76 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors used a sparse network of continuously recording Global Positioning System (cGPS) stations and with locking of a 400 km-long section of the underlying subduction megathrust, between about 1S and 4S.
Abstract: past half century vary from 2 to 14 mm yr 1 and increase southwestward, toward the subduction trench. The pattern is consistent with rates of subsidence measured by a sparse network of continuously recording Global Positioning System (cGPS) stations and with locking of a 400-km-long section of the underlying subduction megathrust, between about 1S and 4S. This record of subsidence and tilting, extending nearly a century into the past, implies that the region is advancing toward the occurrence of another giant earthquake. However, evidence of episodic rather than steady subsidence reflects a behavior that is more complex than simple elastic strain accumulation and relief. Most prominent of these episodes is an extensive emergence/subsidence couplet in about 1962, which may be the result of rapid, aseismic slip on the megathrust, between the islands and the trench. Lower subsidence rates recorded by the corals since about 1985 may reflect failure on many small patches within the locked section of the megathrust.
76 citations
TL;DR: Genetic analysis by using mitochondrial deoxyribonucleic acid sequences identified a total of 6 haplotypes among the 106 samples analyzed for Solomon Islands, Papua, and Papua New Guinea, including a unique common haplotype that is only found in these western Pacific populations.
Abstract: A group of researchers, managers, and tribal leaders with extensive local knowledge from Papua New Guinea, Solomon Islands, Vanuatu, and Papua, Indonesia, provided new information on the status of leatherback nesting populations in the western Pacific Ocean. Twenty-eight nesting sites were identified, of which 21 were previously unknown or poorly described. Although data are still incomplete, we estimate a total of ca. 5000–9200 nests currently laid each year among these 28 sites, with approximately 75% of this nesting activity concentrated at 4 sites along the northwest coast (Bird's Head Peninsula) of Papua, Indonesia. Genetic analysis by using mitochondrial deoxyribonucleic acid sequences identified a total of 6 haplotypes among the 106 samples analyzed for Solomon Islands, Papua, and Papua New Guinea, including a unique common haplotype that is only found in these western Pacific populations. There was no significant difference in haplotype frequencies among these rookeries, which suggests th...
65 citations
TL;DR: Ethyl acetate fraction showed potential as alpha-glucosidase inhibitor and demonstrated depressed postprandial blood glucose level and may have potential use in the management of type 2 diabetes.
Abstract: The compounds that could inhibit the activity of a-glucosidase are potentially used for antidiabetic by suppressing postprandial hyperglycemia. This research aimed to investigate the hypoglycemic activity in A. terreus koji extracted by ethyl acetate. The extracts was dissolved in methanol: water (1:4), followed by fractionations with n-hexane, methylene chloride and ethyl acetate. Each fraction was assayed for its activity against a-glucosidase. The active fraction was purified by column chromatography using silica gel and resin as adsorbent. The kopi extract showed potential as alpha-glucosidase inhibition with IC50 <10 microg mL(-1) and showed combination of non-competitive and uncompetitive inhibition mode against a-glucosidase. Ethyl acetate fraction showed potential as inhibitor alpha-glucosidase with IC50 = 8.6 microg mL(-1). In animal experiment, active fraction (F10-4) of ethyl acetate fraction suppressed the increase of postprandial blood glucosidase level compare to the control. Thus it showed potential as alpha-glucosidase inhibitor and demonstrated depressed postprandial blood glucose level and may have potential use in the management of type 2 diabetes.
55 citations
TL;DR: The distinctiveness in bird species composition among protected areas highlights the importance of establishing a reserve network across major altitudinal zones so as to achieve maximum complementarity for the conservation of Sulawesi's unique avifauna.
Abstract: Protected areas are critical for the conservation of residual tropical forest biodiversity, yet many of these are being deforested by humans both within and outside of their administrative boundaries. Therefore, it is critical to document the significance of protected areas for conserving tropical biodiversity, particularly in mega-diverse Southeast Asia. We evaluated the importance of protected areas (national parks [NP], nature reserves [NR], and wildlife reserves [WR]) in preserving avifaunal diversity, particularly the endemic and forest species, on the island of Sulawesi. This island has one of the highest numbers of endemic avifauna genera (12) globally and is also experiencing heavy deforestation. Rarefaction analyses and species estimators showed that parks and reserves consistently recorded higher number of forest, endemic, and endemic forest bird species, in addition to larger population densities, than in their surrounding human-modified areas across eight protected areas (Gunung Manembo-nembo WR, Tangkoko-Batu Angus and Dua Saudara NR, Gunung Ambang NR, Bogani Nani Wartabone NP, Gunung Tinombala NR, Gunung Sojol NR, Lore Lindu NP, and Rawa Aopa Watumohai NP). This implies that protecting natural forests must remain as one of the fundamental conservation strategies in Sulawesi. Two small reserves (Gunung Manembo-nembo WR and Tangkoko-Batu Angus and Dua Saudara NR), however, had high number of forest and endemic bird species both within and outside their boundaries, suggesting the importance of buffer areas for augmenting small reserves so as to improve their conservation value. Ordination analyses revealed the differential response of bird species to different environmental factors (e.g., native tree cover), highlighting the significance of forested habitats with dense native vegetation cover for effective conservation of forest dependent and endemic avifauna. In addition, the distinctiveness in bird species composition among protected areas highlights the importance of establishing a reserve network across major altitudinal zones so as to achieve maximum complementarity for the conservation of Sulawesi's unique avifauna.
53 citations
TL;DR: Nine species of Draco lineatus are recognized, including two described as new, confined to islands within Wallacea, and three morphologically distinct taxa on the island of Sulawesi are recognized.
Abstract: The Draco lineatus group is a monophyletic assemblage confined to islands within Wallacea. Nine species are recognized, including two described as new. For each species, a synonymy, diagnosis, description of squamation and color pattern, and summaries of distribution and natural history are provided. We resolve several long-standing taxonomic misconceptions including (1) proper allocation of the name Draco lineatus, (2) exclusion of D. bimaculatus and D. modigliani from the D. lineatus group, and (3) proper allocation of the names D. beccarii and D. walkeri. Unlike all previous studies, we recognize three morphologically distinct taxa (here recognized as species) on the island of Sulawesi.
TL;DR: Leaf characteristics of heath forest such as small SLA and long-lived leaves probably play a significant role in effective assimilation and maintenance of he Heath forest productivity under stressful conditions.
Abstract: Aboveground forest structure, biomass, and primary productivity in a tropical heath forest in Central Kalimantan (Indonesian Borneo) were examined using data from 1-ha plots and stand-level allometric equations developed from harvested tree samples. The study site experienced a severe drought in 1997–1998 associated with the El Nino Southern Oscillation event. The drought effect on heath forest productivity was also assessed by evaluating changes in wood mass increment rates. Allometric relationships suggested that heath forest trees had leaves with smaller specific leaf area (SLA), and large heath forest trees allocate more to leaf mass compared to mixed dipterocarp forest trees. Aboveground biomass (for trees ≥ 4.8 cm DBH) in two 1-ha plots, P1 and P4, totaled 244.8 and 232.0 Mg/ha. Aboveground wood mass increment rate was –0.1 and 4.7 Mg/ha/yr in P1 and P4 during the drought period (from February to August 1998), while it quickly recovered to 8.1 and 8.5 Mg/ha/yr during the post-drought period (from August 1998 to August 1999 for P1 and from August 1998 to November 1999 for P4). This suggests a severe impact of the drought on heath forest productivity. Leaf characteristics of heath forest such as small SLA and long-lived leaves probably play a significant role in effective assimilation and maintenance of heath forest productivity under stressful conditions.
TL;DR: The distributions of leptocephali from the two surveys and the patterns of ocean currents in the region suggest the possibility that the main spawning area of this species is located farther offshore.
Abstract: A research cruise was conducted in the eastern Indian Ocean off west Sumatra, Indonesia, in June 2003 to learn about the spawning and larval ecology of the tropical freshwater eels of the genus Anguilla in the region. A total of 43 anguillid leptocephali were collected during the cruise and they were genetically identified as 41 Anguilla bicolor bicolor, 1 Anguilla marmorata, and 1 Anguilla interioris. A. bicolor bicolor leptocephali were 44.1–55.5 mm TL and most of them were at the fully grown stage. Reexamination of the historical data of Jespersen (1942) also suggested a relatively low abundance of small size leptocephali (<40 mm) of this species off west Sumatra. Although the study area has long been considered to be a spawning site of A. bicolor bicolor, the distributions of leptocephali from the two surveys and the patterns of ocean currents in the region suggest the possibility that the main spawning area of this species is located farther offshore.
TL;DR: In this article, the authors investigated intensive rotational grazing by dugongs in intertidal inshore Halodule univervis seagrass meadows, and analyses of parameters explaining the temporal and spatial patterns of grazing in these meadows.
Abstract: Research on dugong-seagrass interactions in Indonesia was done during the period 1990 until 2005 in respectively East Aru, Maluku Province and East Kalimantan, Indonesia. This research investigated intensive rotational grazing by dugongs in intertidal inshore Halodule univervis seagrass meadows, dugong movements in relation to these grazing swards, and analyses of parameters explaining the temporal and spatial patterns of grazing in these meadows. In this paper, we report the findings of this long-term study. The patterns of movement and the results of snorkelling surveys confirmed a practice of regular recropping of restricted grazing swards by small feeding assemblages of dugongs. Dugong grazing showed a significant correlation with carbohydrate content of the below-ground biomass and no significant relation with total N. The timing of dugong grazing in these intertidal meadows coincides with high below-ground biomass and high carbohydrate content in the rhizomes of H. uninervis in the upper 0-4 cm sediment layer. Our findings support the hypothesis that temporal dugong grazing is ruled by carbohydrate content in below-ground biomass. The mechanisms of rotational grazing in restricted grazing swards are not yet well understood, and the maximisation of carbohydrates does not fully explain this phenomenon. Our research confirms that intertidal H. univervis seagrass meadows form a crucial resource for dugong survival. These relatively unknown biotopes need therefore more attention in research and conservation programmes.
TL;DR: Five new flavagline derivatives were isolated from the leaves of Aglaia foveolata collected in Indonesia and has an unprecedented cyclic amide moiety in its cyclopenta[b]benzopyran skeleton, while compound 6 is a novel benzo[ b]oxepine derivative in which the oxepine ring is cleaved.
TL;DR: Four new compounds having an unusual 1,7-dioxadispiro[5.1.5.2]-12-ene-11-one tricyclic ring system, their potential precursor, 5R-hydroxy-1-(4-hydroxyl-phenyl)-eicosan-3-one (5), and two known compounds, aculeatins A and B, have been isolated from Amomum aculeatum.
TL;DR: In this paper, the potency of endophytic microbes from sambung nyawa as antimicrobial agents was determined by measuring the growth inhibition of pathogenic microbes i.e. Candida albicans, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas sp, and Bacillus subtilis.
Abstract: Sambung nyawa (Gynura procumbens) has many beneficial effects to human health, such as decreasing blood pressure, maintaining blood sugar level (hypoglycaemic), decreasing cholesterol, a remedy for kidney trouble, antibacterial and lessen the inflamation (antiinflamation). This research was undertaken to discover the potency of endophytic microbes from sambung nyawa as antimicrobial agents. The purpose of this research was to screen the endophytic bacteria and the endophytic fungi having antimicrobial activity, which were isolated from stems, leaves, roots and fruits of medical plants, sambung nyawa. The antimicrobial activity was determined by measuring the growth inhibition of pathogenic microbes i.e Candida albicans, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas sp. and Bacillus subtilis. A total of 38 isolates of bacteria and 15 isolates of fungi were obtained from sambung nyawa. Analysis demonstrated that, 45% isolates of bacteria and 20% isolates of fungi exhibited inhibitory activity. Antimicrobial activity was found in 21% of the isolates that inhibited the growth of C. albicans, E. coli, Pseudomonas sp., and B. subtilis, whereas 24% of isolates had activity only against B. subtilis. Isolate of endophytic bacteria USN 1.1 and USN 2.3 showed the most significant of inhibition zone. The Inhibition zone of the isolate USN 1.1 to C. albicans, E. coli, Pseudomonas sp, and B. subtilis were 2.318 cm2, 0.969 cm2, 0.796 cm2, and 0.381 cm2, respectively. The Inhibition zone of the isolate USN 2.3 to C. albicans, E. coli, Pseudomonas sp., and B. subtilis were 3.01 cm2, 0.519 cm2, 0.588 cm2 and 0.83 cm2, respectively. These results indicated that endophytic bacteria and endophytic fungi could be a promising source for antimicrobial agents.
TL;DR: A sampling survey for leptocephali was conducted in the eastern Indian Ocean to the west of Sumatra from 5 to 20 June 2003 in an overlapping area with the historical survey in September to November 1929 during the Danish Round the World Expedition to obtain new information about the early life history of this sub-species.
Abstract: A sampling survey for leptocephali was conducted in the eastern Indian Ocean to the west of Sumatra from 5 to 20 June 2003 in an overlapping area with the historical survey in September to November 1929 during the Danish Round the World Expedition. The age and larval growth rate of 34 Anguilla bicolor bicolor collected in 2003 were estimated using their otolith microstructure to obtain new information about the early life history of this sub-species. The total lengths and ages of these leptocephali were 44·1–55·5 mm and 114–158 days, respectively. Their hatching dates ranged from 3 January to 20 February 2003. Combining these age data and the estimated age of leptocephali collected by others in the same area, this sub-species was estimated to have a wide range of spawning periods. Individual growth rates of the leptocephali in 2003 ranged from 0·32 to 0·39 mm day−1 with a mean ±s.d. of 0·35 ± 0·02 mm day−1. These values were lower than the growth rates of leptocephali of other tropical eels such as Anguilla celebesensis or Anguilla borneensis, suggesting that A. b. bicolor from the eastern Indian Ocean have a longer leptocephalus period of oceanic migration.
TL;DR: A new species of Hipposideros is described from South-East Sulawesi, Indonesia, which shows close affinities to HipposIDERos papua but is substantially smaller.
Abstract: A new species of Hipposideros is described from South-East Sulawesi, Indonesia. Morphologically, it shows close affinities to Hipposideros papua but is substantially smaller. It is currently only known from Rawa Aopa Watumohai National Park, an area of semi-disturbed lowland rainforest, where it was the most common species of hipposiderid recorded. In this paper, data on its morphometrics and echolocation are included, along with a brief discussion of its ecology and reproductive biology.
TL;DR: In this article, the oxidation behavior of the nickel-base single-crystal superalloy TMS-82+ coated with a duplex Re(W)-Cr-Ni/Ni(Cr)-Al layer was investigated in air at 1,150°C for up to 100h.
Abstract: The oxidation behavior of the nickel-base single-crystal superalloy TMS-82+ coated with a duplex Re(W)–Cr–Ni/Ni(Cr)–Al layer was investigated in air at 1,150 °C for up to 100 h. The coating layer was formed by electroplating Re(Ni) and Ni(W) films on the alloy, followed by Cr-pack cementation at 1,300 °C, and as a result, forming a continuous Re(W)–Cr–Ni diffusion-barrier layer. A Ni film containing fine Zr particles was then electroplated on the duplex layer, followed by Al pack cementation at 1,000 °C for 1 and 5 h to form an Al reservoir layer with a duplex Ni2Al3/γ-Ni layer, which changed quickly to γ-Ni phase containing (10∼13)at.% Al for the 1 h Al-pack coat and a mixture of γ′-Ni3Al and β-NiAl phases for the 5 h Al-pack coat during high-temperature oxidation. A protective α-Al2O3 scale formed during oxidation at 1,150 °C in air, and parabolic rate constants of 7.4 × 10−11 and 6.6 × 10−10 kg2 m−4 s−1 were obtained for the 1 h- and 5 h-Al pack-coatings, respectively. There was little change in the structures of the superalloy substrate after oxidation at 1,150 °C in air for up to 100 h. It was found that the Re(W)–Cr–Ni layer remained stable, acting as a diffusion barrier between the alloy substrate and Al reservoir layers.
TL;DR: A new species of smoky honeyeater from the Foja Mountains of western New Guinea is described, which possesses a fleshy pendant suborbital wattle, unique in the genus Melipotes, among other characteristics that distinguish it from all congeners.
Abstract: We describe a new species of smoky honeyeater from the Foja Mountains, an isolated range in western New Guinea (Papua Province, Indonesia). A common inhabitant of montane forest and forest-edge in this little-known north coastal range, this species possesses a fleshy pendant suborbital wattle, unique in the genus Melipotes, among other characteristics that distinguish it from all congeners. This fleshy wattle provides a morphological link between Melipotes and the monotypic genus Macgregoria, an alpine inhabitant of the Central Ranges of New Guinea, traditionally treated as a bird of paradise (e.g., Frith and Beehler 1998) but now regarded as the sister genus to Melipotes (Cracraft and Feinstein 2000). The presence of an endemic meliphagid species in the Foja Mountains highlights the biogeographic significance and conservation importance of this geographically isolated upland forest tract, which is also home to the endemic Golden-fronted Bowerbird (Amblyornis flavifrons) and Berlepsch's Parotia (...
TL;DR: A research was conducted to find out antioxidant activities at a parts of mahkota dewa plant by free radical scavenging method (DPPH), and showed that n-buthanol extract of young fruits gave inhibition value IC50 = 41,07 ppm.
Abstract: Mahkota dewa (Phaleria macrocarpa [Scheff.] Boerl.) is a poisonous plant, but almost all parts of the plants can be used as a traditional medicine. Consuming the plant directly can cause swollen, sprue, numb at tongue, fever, even unconscious. Although the plant can conquere various diseases, from diabetes mellitus, hemorrhoid, impotency to cancer, but research on the plant is still limited. A researchwas conducted to find out antioxidant activities at a parts of mahkota dewa plant by free radical scavenging method (DPPH). The highest activities of the parts of plant are young fruits and old fruits in the ethanol and methanol solvents. Then after partitioned based on the polarity (ethylacetate, n-buthanol and water) showed that n-buthanol extract of young fruits gave inhibition value IC50 = 41,07 ppm.© 2007 Jurusan Biologi FMIPA UNS SurakartaKey words: Mahkota dewa, P. macrocarpa, plant extracts, antioxidant, DPPH
TL;DR: This study reported that duku (Lansium domesticum), salak (Salacca zalacca), buah merah (Pandanus conoideus), and matoa (Pometia pinnata) have a good prospect also to be developed in Indonesia.
Abstract: Indonesia is rich of species diversity of indigenous fruits. The results of study reported that there are 266 species of indigenous fruits encountered in Indonesia and 62 species of them are cultivated. Four genera of indigenous fruits are recommended to developed in Indonesia, i.e. Durio, Mangifera, Garcinia and Nephelium. This study also reported that duku (Lansium domesticum), salak (Salacca zalacca), buah merah (Pandanus conoideus), and matoa (Pometia pinnata) have a good prospect also to be developed in Indonesia.© 2007 Jurusan Biologi FMIPA UNS SurakartaKey words: Species diversity, indigenous fruits, potential, conservation, Indonesia
11 May 2007
TL;DR: A study on four common shark species in Indonesia, the spinner shark Carcharhinus brevipinna (Muller and Henle, 1839), silky sharks Carcharahinus falciformis (Bibron, 1837), spot-tail shark Cailinus sorrah and scalloped hammerhead Sphyrna lewini (Griffith and Smith, 1834), was conducted at several shark landing sites in western Indonesia from March 2002 to December 2004 as discussed by the authors.
Abstract: A study on four common shark species in Indonesia, the spinner shark Carcharhinus brevipinna (Muller and Henle, 1839), silky shark Carcharhinus falciformis (Bibron, 1839), spot-tail shark Carcharhinus sorrah (Valenciennes, 1839) and scalloped hammerhead Sphyrna lewini (Griffith and Smith, 1834) was conducted at several shark landing sites in western Indonesia from March 2002 to December 2004. Data were collected from the surveyed areas including the length of frequency, sex composition and length at maturity. In general, they were caught at size smaller than their maturity size. The proportion of immature C. brevipinna, C. falciformis, C. sorrah and S. lewini to their total number recorded at the surveyed area during the study were about 87%, 50%, 80% and 65%, respectively. According to the length at maturity, females generally attained their maturity in larger size than males. Some factors contributing the catches in immature size and conservation status of those four species were also discussed.
TL;DR: Kinds of diseases can be cover with ingredient of traditional medicines, the process and method, part of plant used, and species having potency for develop in the future is discussed in this paper.
Abstract: Local peoples in a certain area is very depends on plants grow on surrounding them for fulfill daily lifelyhoat such as food, clothing, construction material, medicinal, etc. People knowledge in plants utilized especially as medicinal matter was passed on from generation to generation. Documentation and conservation of traditional knowledge from the local people until to do the research of diversity of medicinal plant by Talang Mamak tribe in Bukit Tigapuluh National Park, Riau. Field data collection of medicinal plants was done by directobservation and interview with the figure or tribe-head and community is used medicinal plant in surrounding them. From the survey it result that at least 77 species of plants are used as medicines. Five species from these was categorised as endangered species such as pulai (Alstonia scholaris), gaharu (Aquilaria malaccensis), kapung-kapung (Oroxylum indicum), pasak bumi (Eurycoma longifolia), and akar kuning (Arcangelisia flava). Kinds of diseases can be cover with ingredient of traditional medicines, the process and method, part of plant used, and species having potency for develop in the future is discussed in this paper.© 2007 Jurusan Biologi FMIPA UNS SurakartaKey words: Medicinal plant, Talang Mamak tribe, Bukit Tigapuluh National Park, Riau
TL;DR: As the result of a comparison of Curcuma sp.
Abstract: As the result of a comparison of Curcuma sp. (Gajutsu in Japanese) in Yakushima Island, Japan, with Curcuma aeruginosa and C. zedoaria in Java, Indonesia, by trnK gene sequence, random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) pattern and essential oil component, it is indicated that Curcuma sp. in Yakushima is more closely related to C. aeruginosa than to C. zedoaria.
TL;DR: Chloroplast DNA and nuclear ribosomal DNA were employed to analyze the phylogenetic relationships of Salvia isensis with related species in Japan and genetic relationships between Salvia species estimated from allozymic polymorphisms did not contradict to the topology for nrDNA.
Abstract: To understand the speciation process of Salvia isensis (Lamiaceae), a species endemic to a special environment (serpentine areas in the Ise-Tokai district, central Honshu, Japan), chloroplast DNA (cpDNA) and nuclear ribosomal DNA (nrDNA) were employed to analyze the phylogenetic relationships of S. isensis with related species in Japan. Allozymic polymorphisms were also used to analyze genetic relationships among Salvia species. A contradiction in the phylogenetic positions of species studied was detected when phylogenetic trees were constructed using cpDNA or nrDNA, i.e., S. isensis was a sister to the other species in phylogenetic trees generated from cpDNA, while S. japonica was a sister to the other species in the case of nrDNA. Genetic relationships between Salvia species estimated from allozymic polymorphisms did not contradict to the topology for nrDNA. Using the present results, the speciation process of S. isensis is discussed with regard to introgressive gene exchanges between related species.
TL;DR: The research for non-timber forest products is being an interest fot the researchers from many sciences as mentioned in this paper, therefore in this time, the research for Non-Timber Forest Products is becoming an interest for the researchers.
Abstract: Forest exploitation especially for the material wood/timber has giving influence to condition environment and the society who lives around the forest. Therefore in this time, the research for non timber forest products is being an interest fot the researchers from many sciences. There is not than 100 plants species useful of non timber producer had known from the research which conducted in PT. Wira Karya Sakti conservation forest area in Sungai Tapa-Jambi. Two of them (Alstonia scholaris R.Br. and Scorodocarpus borneensis (Baillon) Jack) are included in a list of endangered species plants in Indonesia.© 2007 Jurusan Biologi FMIPA UNS SurakartaKey words: Non Timber Forest Products, Jambi
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TL;DR: A generic prototype with an integrated control and monitoring system to enhance its flexibility, and to enable simple operation through a web-based interface accessible wirelessly, is developed.
Abstract: We introduce our concept on the modular wireless robot consisting of three main modules : main unit, data acquisition and data processing modules We have developed a generic prototype with an integrated control and monitoring system to enhance its flexibility, and to enable simple operation through a web-based interface accessible wirelessly In present paper, we focus on the microcontroller based hardware to enable data acquisition and remote mechanical control
TL;DR: The results showed that C type extract have antibacterial activity to all of indicator bacteria, neither do A type extract, whereas the B type extract inhibited to B. subtilis and S. aureus growth.
Abstract: The objective of this research was to know the antibacterial activity from the Porphyridium cruentum. P. cruentum is the Rhodophyceae algae. The extraction of microalgae biomass used dichloromethane solution and resulted three types extracts. Antibacterial activity of the extracts using the clear zone method to Escherichia coli, Bacillus subtilis and Staphylococcus aureus bacteria. Identification of antibacterial substance of the extracts were using Gas Chromatograph Mass Spectrophotometer (GCMS). The results showed that C type extract have antibacterial activity to all of indicator bacteria, neither do A type extract. Whereas the B type extract inhibited to B. subtilis and S. aureus growth. Analysis of the antibacterial compound by GC-MS was fatty acid. The major component of antibacterial from the P. cruentum was metil hexadecanoate acid (palmitic acid), the percent area was 41,15 % of B type extract and 60,36 % of C type extract.© 2007 Jurusan Biologi FMIPA UNS SurakartaKey words : Porphyridium cruentum, dichlorometane extract, antibacterial activity, GCMS