Showing papers by "Indonesian Institute of Sciences published in 2018"

Correlation between conductivity and total dissolved solid in various type of water: A review

Abstract: Conductivity (EC) and total dissolved solids (TDS) are water quality parameters, which are used to describe salinity level. These two parameters are correlated and usually expressed by a simple equation: TDS = k EC (in 25 °C). The process of obtaining TDS from water sample is more complex than that of EC. Meanwhile, TDS analysis is very important because it can illustrate groundwater quality, particularly in understanding the effect of seawater intrusion better than EC analysis. These conditions make research in revealing TDS/EC ratios interesting to do. By finding the ratio value, TDS concentration can be measured easily from EC value. However, the ratio cannot be defined easily. Previous research results have found that the correlation between TDS and EC are not always linear. The ratio is not only strongly influenced by salinity contents, but also by materials contents. Furthermore, the analysis of TDS concentration from EC value can be used to give an overview of water quality. For more precision, TDS concentrations need to be analyzed using the gravimetric method in the laboratory.

Phylogenetic classification of the world's tropical forests

Abstract: Knowledge about the biogeographic affinities of the world’s tropical forests helps to better understand regional differences in forest structure, diversity, composition, and dynamics. Such understanding will enable anticipation of region-specific responses to global environmental change. Modern phylogenies, in combination with broad coverage of species inventory data, now allow for global biogeographic analyses that take species evolutionary distance into account. Here we present a classification of the world’s tropical forests based on their phylogenetic similarity. We identify five principal floristic regions and their floristic relationships: (i) Indo-Pacific, (ii) Subtropical, (iii) African, (iv) American, and (v) Dry forests. Our results do not support the traditional neo- versus paleotropical forest division but instead separate the combined American and African forests from their Indo-Pacific counterparts. We also find indications for the existence of a global dry forest region, with representatives in America, Africa, Madagascar, and India. Additionally, a northern-hemisphere Subtropical forest region was identified with representatives in Asia and America, providing support for a link between Asian and American northern-hemisphere forests.

Energy dependence and fluctuations of anisotropic flow in Pb-Pb collisions at √sNN = 5.02 and 2.76 TeV

Abstract: Measurements of anisotropic flow coefficients with two- and multi-particle cumulants for inclusive charged particles in Pb-Pb collisions at $ \sqrt{s_{\mathrm{NN}}}=5.02 $ and 2.76 TeV are reported in the pseudorapidity range |η| < 0.8 and transverse momentum 0.2 < p$_{T}$ < 50 GeV/c. The full data sample collected by the ALICE detector in 2015 (2010), corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 12.7 (2.0) μb$^{−1}$ in the centrality range 0-80%, is analysed. Flow coefficients up to the sixth flow harmonic (v$_{6}$) are reported and a detailed comparison among results at the two energies is carried out. The p$_{T}$ dependence of anisotropic flow coefficients and its evolution with respect to centrality and harmonic number n are investigated. An approximate power-law scaling of the form v$_{n}$(p$_{T}$) ∼ p$_{T}^{n}^{/3}$ is observed for all flow harmonics at low p$_{T}$ (0.2 < p$_{T}$ < 3 GeV/c). At the same time, the ratios v$_{n}$/v$_{m}^{n}^{/ }^{m}$ are observed to be essentially independent of p$_{T}$ for most centralities up to about p$_{T}$ = 10 GeV/c. Analysing the differences among higher-order cumulants of elliptic flow (v$_{2}$), which have different sensitivities to flow fluctuations, a measurement of the standardised skewness of the event-by-event v$_{2}$ distribution P(v$_{2}$) is reported and constraints on its higher moments are provided. The Elliptic Power distribution is used to parametrise P(v$_{2}$), extracting its parameters from fits to cumulants. The measurements are compared to different model predictions in order to discriminate among initial-state models and to constrain the temperature dependence of the shear viscosity to entropy-density ratio.

Analysis of Student Satisfaction Toward Quality of Service Facility

Abstract: The development of higher education is very rapid rise to the tight competition both public universities and private colleges. XYZ University realized to win the competition, required continuous quality improvement, including the quality of existing service facilities. Amenities quality services is believed to support the success of the learning activities and improve user satisfaction. This study aims to determine the extent to which the quality of the services effect on user satisfaction. The research method used is survey-based questionnaire that measure perception and expectation. The results showed a gap between perception and expectations of the respondents have a negative value for each item. This means XYZ service facility at the university is not currently meet the expectations of society members. Three service facility that has the lowest index is based on the perception of respondents is a laboratory (2.56), computer and multimedia (2.63) as well as wifi network (2.99). The magnitude of the correlation between satisfaction with the quality of service facilities is 0.725 which means a strong and positive relationship. The influence of the quality of service facilities to the satisfaction of the students is 0.525 meaning that the variable quality of the services facility can explain 52.5% of the variable satisfaction. The study provided recommendations for improvements to enhance the quality of services facility at the XYZ university facilities.

D-meson azimuthal anisotropy in midcentral Pb-Pb collisions at √sNN=5.02 TeV

Abstract: A.I. Alikhanyan National Science Laboratory (Yerevan Physics Institute) Foundation (ANSL), State Committee of Science and World Federation of Scientists (WFS), Armenia; Austrian Academy of Sciences and Nationalstiftung fur Forschung, Technologie und Entwicklung, Austria; Ministry of Communications and High Technologies, National Nuclear Research Center, Azerbaijan; Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cientifico e Tecnologico (CNPq), Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Financiadora de Estudos e Projetos (Finep), and Fundacao de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado de Sao Paulo (FAPESP), Brazil; Ministry of Science and Technology of China (MSTC), National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC) and Ministry of Education of China (MOEC), China; Ministry of Science, Education and Sport and Croatian Science Foundation, Croatia; Ministry of Education, Youth and Sports of the Czech Republic, Czech Republic; The Danish Council for Independent Research–Natural Sciences, the Carlsberg Foundation, and Danish National Research Foundation (DNRF), Denmark; Helsinki Institute of Physics (HIP), Finland; Commissariat a l’Energie Atomique (CEA) and Institut National de Physique Nucleaire et de Physique des Particules (IN2P3) and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), France; Bundesministerium fur Bildung, Wissenschaft, Forschung und Technologie (BMBF) and GSI Helmholtzzentrum fur Schwerionenforschung GmbH, Germany; General Secretariat for Research and Technology, Ministry of Education, Research and Religions, Greece; National Research, Development and Innovation Office, Hungary; Department of Atomic Energy Government of India (DAE) and Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR), New Delhi, India; Indonesian Institute of Science, Indonesia; Centro Fermi—Museo Storico della Fisica e Centro Studi e Ricerche Enrico Fermi and Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare (INFN), Italy; Institute for Innovative Science and Technology, Nagasaki Institute of Applied Science (IIST), Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS) KAKENHI, and Japanese Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology (MEXT), Japan; Consejo Nacional de Ciencia (CONACYT) y Tecnologia, through Fondo de Cooperacion Internacional en Ciencia y Tecnologia (FONCICYT) and Direccion General de Asuntos del Personal Academico (DGAPA), Mexico; Nederlandse Organisatie voor Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek (NWO), Netherlands; The Research Council of Norway, Norway; Commission on Science and Technology for Sustainable Development in the South (COMSATS), Pakistan; Pontificia Universidad Catolica del Peru, Peru; Ministry of Science and Higher Education and National Science Centre, Poland; Korea Institute of Science and Technology Information and National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF), Republic of Korea; Ministry of Education and Scientific Research, Institute of Atomic Physics, and Romanian National Agency for Science, Technology and Innovation, Romania; Joint Institute for Nuclear Research (JINR), Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation, and National Research Centre Kurchatov Institute, Russia; Ministry of Education, Science, Research and Sport of the Slovak Republic, Slovakia; National Research Foundation of South Africa, South Africa; Centro de Aplicaciones Tecnologicas y Desarrollo Nuclear (CEADEN), Cubaenergia, Cuba, Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovacion and Centro de Investigaciones Energeticas, Medioambientales y Tecnologicas (CIEMAT), Spain; Swedish Research Council (VR) and Knut and Alice Wallenberg Foundation (KAW), Sweden; European Organization for Nuclear Research, Switzerland; National Science and Technology Development Agency (NSDTA), Suranaree University of Technology (SUT), and Office of the Higher Education Commission under NRU project of Thailand, Thailand; Turkish Atomic Energy Agency (TAEK), Turkey; National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Ukraine; Science and Technology Facilities Council (STFC), United Kingdom; National Science Foundation of the United States of America (NSF) and United States Department of Energy, Office of Nuclear Physics (DOE NP), United States of America.

Evaluating the effectiveness of palm oil certification in delivering multiple sustainability objectives

Abstract: Industrial oil palm plantations in South East Asia have caused significant biodiversity losses and perverse social outcomes. To address concerns over plantation practices and in an attempt to improve sustainability through market mechanisms, civil society organisations and industry representatives developed the Roundtable on Sustainable Palm Oil (RSPO) in 2004. The effectiveness of RSPO in improving the sustainability of the palm oil industry is frequently debated and to date, few quantitative analyses have been undertaken to assess how successful RSPO has been in delivering the social, economic and environmental sustainability outcomes it aims to address. With the palm oil industry continuing to expand in South East Asia and significant estates being planted in Africa and South America, this paper evaluates the effectiveness of RSPO plantations compared to non-certified plantations by assessing the relative performance of several key sustainability metrics compared to business as usual practices. Using Indonesian Borneo (Kalimantan) as a case study, a novel dataset of RSPO concessions was developed and causal analysis methodologies employed to evaluate the environmental, social and economic sustainability of the industry. No significant difference was found between certified and non-certified plantations for any of the sustainability metrics investigated, however positive economic trends including greater fresh fruit bunch yields were revealed. To achieve intended outcomes, RSPO principles and criteria are in need of substantial improvement and rigorous enforcement. © 2018 The Author(s). Published by IOP Publishing Ltd.

Physical and chemical properties of corn, cassava, and potato starchs

Abstract: Starch-based plastic is developed for petroleum-based plastic material replacement. Thus, basic knowledge of starch properties is important. This research aimed to evaluate the physical and thermal properties of various potential starch, i.e. corn, cassava, and potato starch. Granule size, thermal property, and functional group of starch were determined by optical microsopy, DSC, and FTIR, respectively. Our results demonstrated that the properties of starch (e.g. granule morphology and thermal property) varied according to its different sources. Potato starch has a bigger granule size and lower gelatinization temperature compare to corn and cassava starch. This implied that the granule size of starch affected gelatinization temperature. The larger the granule size, the more easily the starch to be gelatinized.

Photoprotective Substances Derived from Marine Algae.

Abstract: Marine algae have received great attention as natural photoprotective agents due to their unique and exclusive bioactive substances which have been acquired as an adaptation to the extreme marine environment combine with a range of physical parameters. These photoprotective substances include mycosporine-like amino acids (MAAs), sulfated polysaccharides, carotenoids, and polyphenols. Marine algal photoprotective substances exhibit a wide range of biological activities such as ultraviolet (UV) absorbing, antioxidant, matrix-metalloproteinase inhibitors, anti-aging, and immunomodulatory activities. Hence, such unique bioactive substances derived from marine algae have been regarded as having potential for use in skin care, cosmetics, and pharmaceutical products. In this context, this contribution aims at revealing bioactive substances found in marine algae, outlines their photoprotective potential, and provides an overview of developments of blue biotechnology to obtain photoprotective substances and their prospective applications.

Characterization of Tapioca Starch Biopolymer Composites Reinforced with Micro Scale Water Hyacinth Fibers

Abstract: This paper reports on the properties of microscale water hyacinth fiber pulp (WHF) filled tapioca starch biopolymer (TSB) composites. The volume fraction of WHF in the TSB matrix is varied, that is, 1%, 3%, 5%, and 10%. A casting method is used for making sample films of the biocomposites. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of the fracture surface of the biocomposite for the tensile samples displays good fiber distribution in the matrix, and interface bonding between WHF and TSB. The 10% fiber biocomposite deliveres the highest value of tensile strength (TS) of 6.68MPa, and tensile modulus (TM) of 210.95MPa; however, this combination also has the lowest fracture strain of 7.30%. In this case, there was 549% improvement of TS and 973% of TM in comparison to TSB. The biocomposite with 10% WHF content also showes the highest thermal resistance and the lowest moisture absorption. It shows potential for future commercial applications.

Business Opportunities for Halal Products in the Global Market: Muslim Consumer Behaviour and Halal Food Consumption

Abstract: Halal products, halal confectionary and food ingredients, and the syari`ah system have attracted much attention among members of Organisation of the Islamic Conference (OIC) countries. It has been estimated that the trade value of halal products in the global market has reached more than $US600 billion2 and the trade will keep increasing at 20 to 30 per cent annually, 3 The potential market for halal products is the world’s Islamic population, which is of the order of 1600 million people. Of this total, Indonesia contributes 180 million; India, 140 million; Pakistan, 130 million; the Middle East, 200 million; Africa, 300 million; Malaysia, 14 million and North America, 8 million.4 Apparently, the availability of halal products is still limited; as a consequence, to meet consumer demand some Islamic countries have to even import halal goods from non-Muslim countries. For instance, Middle Eastern countries import halal meat from non-Muslim countries, especially

Bioremediation of petroleum-contaminated soil: A Review

Abstract: Petroleum is the major source of energy for various industries and daily life. Releasing petroleum into the environment whether accidentally or due to human activities is a main cause of soil pollution. Soil contaminated with petroleum has a serious hazard to human health and causes environmental problems as well. Petroleum pollutants, mainly hydrocarbon, are classified as priority pollutants. The application of microorganisms or microbial processes to remove or degrade contaminants from soil is called bioremediation. This microbiological decontamination is claimed to be an efficient, economic and versatile alternative to physicochemical treatment. This article presents an overview about bioremediation of petroleum-contaminated soil. It also includes an explanation about the types of bioremediation technologies as well as the processes.

Machine Learning-based for Automatic Detection of Corn-Plant Diseases Using Image Processing

Abstract: Corn is one of major crops in Indonesia. Diseases outbreak could significantly reduce the maize production, causing millions of rupiah in damages. To reduce the risks of crop failure due to diseases outbreak, machine learning methods can be implemented. Naked eyes inspection for plant diseases usually based on the changes in color or the existence of spots or rotten area in the leaves. Based on these observations, In this paper, we investigate several image processing based features for diseases detection of corn. Various image processing features to detect color such as RGB, local features on images such as scale-invariant feature transform (SIFT), speeded up robust features (SURF), and Oriented FAST and rotated BRIEF (ORB), and object detector such as histogram of oriented gradients (HOG). We evaluate the performance of these features on several machine learning algorithms. They are support vector machines (SVM), Decision Tree (DT), Random forest (RF), and Naive Bayes (NB). Our experimental evaluations indicate that the color may be the most informative features for this task. We find that RGB is the feature with the best accuracy for most classifiers we evaluate.

π0 and η meson production in proton-proton collisions at √s = 8 TeV

Abstract: An invariant differential cross section measurement of inclusive $$\pi ^{0}$$ and $$\eta $$ meson production at mid-rapidity in pp collisions at $$\sqrt{s}=8$$ TeV was carried out by the ALICE experiment at the LHC. The spectra of $$\pi ^{0}$$ and $$\eta $$ mesons were measured in transverse momentum ranges of $$0.33.5$$ $$\text{ GeV/c }$$ . However, a deviation from this empirical scaling rule is observed for transverse momenta below $$p_{ \text{ T }} <3.5$$ $$\text{ GeV/c }$$ in the $$\eta /\pi ^0$$ ratio with a significance of $$6.2\sigma $$ .

Measurement of prompt D0, D+, D∗+, and D+s production in p–Pb collisions at √sNN = 5.02 TeV

Abstract: We report measurements of the production of prompt D$^{0}$, D$^{+}$, D$^{*+}$ and D$_{s}^{+}$ mesons in Pb–Pb collisions at the centre-of-mass energy per nucleon-nucleon pair $ \sqrt{s_{\mathrm{NN}}}=5.02 $ TeV, in the centrality classes 0–10%, 30–50% and 60–80%. The D-meson production yields are measured at mid-rapidity (|y| 8 GeV/c, while it is larger at lower p$_{T}$. The nuclear modification factors for strange and non-strange D mesons are also compared to theoretical models with different implementations of in-medium energy loss.

Welfare impacts of the illegal wildlife trade in a cohort of confiscated greater slow lorises, Nycticebus coucang.

Abstract: Illegal harvesting and trade are major forces behind population declines of wild slow lorises (genus Nycticebus). The impacts of the wildlife trade on individual slow lorises have not been as well described. In this article, we describe quantitatively the consequences of the wildlife trade for 77 greater slow lorises, N. coucang, who were confiscated en masse and brought to Cikananga Wildlife Center in Indonesia. Medical records indicated that in total, 28.6% of the slow lorises died within the first 6 months, mostly due to traumatic injury, and all the infants died. The greatest sources of morbidity were external wounds (33.1% of 166 total medical events) and dental problems (19.3%). Of the surviving individuals, 25.4% displayed abnormal behavior. Behavioral observations indicated that healthy adults (n = 3) spent 48.2% of their active period performing stereotypies. These data illustrate the physical and behavioral impacts of the illegal wildlife trade on the welfare of slow lorises. We suggest ...

Deep Structured Convolutional Neural Network for Tomato Diseases Detection

Abstract: Plant diseases outbreaks can cause significant threat to food security. Early detection of the diseases using machine learning could avoid such disaster. Currently, deep learning, which is a recent technology in machine learning, gained much popularity for object recognition tasks. Convolutional neural network (CNN) is one major techniques for object identification in deep learning. In this paper, we evaluate the effect of different depth of CNN architectures on the detection accuracies of the plant diseases detection. Various CNN architectures with different depth are investigated. They are simple CNN baseline (with two layer of convolutional layers), AlexNet (with five convolutional layers), and VGGNet (with 13 convolutional layers). We also evaluate GoogleNet architectures. Unlike previously mentioned architectures, GoogleNet use convolutional layers with various resolutions to be concantenated with each other, emphasizing the effect on not only the deep architecture but also a wide one. The experimental results suggest that CNN with deeper architecture, i.e. VGGNet, outperforms others, indicating that having deeper architectures may be more benefit for this task.

Impact assessment of rainfall scenarios and land-use change on hydrologic response using synthetic Area IDF curves

Abstract: In combination with land use change, climate change is increasingly leading to extreme weather conditions and consequently novel hydrologic conditions. Rainfall Area intensity-duration-frequency (IDF) curves, commonly used tools for modeling hydrology and managing flood risk can be used to assess hydrologic response under extreme rainfall conditions. We explore the influence of land use change on hydrologic response under designed extreme rainfall over the period 1976 to 2006 in the Kamo River basin. Run-off for all six designed rainfall shapes under 2006 land use is higher than that under 1976 land use, but the timing of peak discharge under 2006 land use occurs at roughly the same time as that under 1976 land use. Results indicate that run-off under 2006 land use yielded higher discharge than under 1976 land use, and rainfall shape six leads to the most extreme hydrologic response and most dangerous conditions from the perspective of urban planning and flood risk management. Future hydrologic response will differ from present due both to changes in land cover and changes in extreme rainfall patterns requiring modification to Area IDF curves for catchments.

New Insights on Water Buffalo Genomic Diversity and Post-Domestication Migration Routes From Medium Density SNP Chip Data

Abstract: The domestic water buffalo is native to the Asian continent but through historical migrations and recent importations, nowadays has a worldwide distribution. The two types of water buffalo, i.e., river and swamp, display distinct morphological and behavioral traits, different karyotypes and also have different purposes and geographical distributions. River buffaloes from Pakistan, Iran, Turkey, Egypt, Romania, Bulgaria, Italy, Mozambique, Brazil and Colombia, and swamp buffaloes from China, Thailand, Philippines, Indonesia and Brazil were genotyped with a species-specific medium-density 90K SNP panel. We estimated the levels of molecular diversity and described population structure, which revealed historical relationships between populations and migration events. Three distinct gene pools were identified in pure river as well as in pure swamp buffalo populations. Genomic admixture was seen in the Philippines and in Brazil, resulting from importations of animals for breed improvement. Our results were largely consistent with previous archeological, historical and molecular-based evidence for two independent domestication events for river- and swamp-type buffaloes, which occurred in the Indo-Pakistani region and close to the China/Indochina border, respectively. Based on a geographical analysis of the distribution of diversity, our evidence also indicated that the water buffalo spread out of the domestication centers followed two major divergent migration directions: river buffaloes migrated west from the Indian sub-continent while swamp buffaloes migrated from northern Indochina via an east-south-eastern route. These data suggest that the current distribution of water buffalo diversity has been shaped by the combined effects of multiple migration events occurred at different stages of the post-domestication history of the species.