Showing papers by "Indonesian Institute of Sciences published in 2021"

A review on natural fibers for development of eco-friendly bio-composite: characteristics, and utilizations

Abstract: Understanding the basic properties of natural fibers is important to determine the optimal intended uses for instance as high-quality bio-composite raw material. This review describes the characteristics, and potential uses of some natural fibers in order to improve their sustainability and economic values. The natural fibers have low density and high strength to weight ratio and reduction make them potential as light weight composite and reinforcement materials. The microstructure and chemical compositions of fibers affect the mechanical properties with the fiber cross-sectional area is the most variable influencing the fiber strength. Natural fibers are easy to absorb water due to the presence of hemicellulose that give hydrophilic properties make them less compatible in the interaction with matrix with hydrophobicity properties. Higher cellulose content and crystallinity tend to result better strength properties of fiber while lignin is since versa. Besides that, fiber anatomical characteristics vary between different and same species that affect on the density and mechanical properties. The other factors namely environmental conditions, method of transportation, storage time and conditions, and fiber extraction affect the size and quality of the natural fibers.

Antimicrobial Activity of Necklace Orchids is Phylogenetically Clustered and can be Predicted With a Biological Response Method.

Abstract: Necklace orchids (Coelogyninae, Epidendroideae) have been used in traditional medicine practices for centuries. Previous studies on a subset of unrelated orchid species utilized in these traditional practices revealed they possessed antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, and anti-oxidant activity, providing experimental proof for their medicinal properties. To date however none of these species have been investigated ethno-botanically in a phylogenetic context. This study carried out comparative bioprospecting for a group of wild orchids using EBDCS (the Economic Botany Data Collection Standards) organ targeted and biological response methods. The traditional medicinal use of necklace orchids was recorded from books and journals published between 1984 and 2016. Two orchids, Coelogyne cristata and Coelogyne fimbriata, were selected, cultivated both indoors and outdoors, and the antimicrobial properties on extracts from their leaves and pseudobulbs tested against a selection of human pathogens. A molecular phylogeny of Coelogyninae based on nuclear ribosomal ITS and plastid matK DNA sequences obtained from 148 species was reconstructed with Maximum Likelihood (ML) using RAxML, Maximum Parsimony (MP) using PAUP and Bayesian Inference using MrBayes. Bioprospecting comparison of EBDCS and biological response was carried out using customized R scripts. Ethanolic extracts obtained from leaves of C. fimbriata inhibited growth of Bacillus cereus, Staphylococcus aureus, and Yersinia enterocolitica, confirming the antimicrobial properties of these extracts. Leaf extracts were found to have slightly stronger antimicrobial properties for plants cultivated outdoors than indoors. These differences were not found to be statistically significant though. Three hot nodes with high potency for antimicrobial activities were detected with the EBDCS organ targeted classification method, and eight hot nodes were detected with the biological response classification method. The biological response classification method is thus a more effective tool in finding hot nodes amongst clades of species with high medicinal potential.

18.4% Organic Solar Cells Using a High Ionization Energy Self-Assembled Monolayer as Hole Extraction Interlayer

Abstract: Self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) based on Br-2PACz ([2-(3,6-dibromo-9H-carbazol-9-yl)ethyl]phosphonic acid) 2PACz ([2-(9H-Carbazol-9-yl)ethyl]phosphonic acid) and MeO-2PACz ([2-(3,6-dimethoxy-9H-carbazol-9-yl)ethyl]phosphonic acid) molecules were investigated as hole-extracting interlayers in organic photovoltaics (OPVs). The highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) energies of these SAMs were measured at -6.01 and -5.30 eV for Br-2PACz and MeO-2PACz, respectively, and found to induce significant changes in the work function (WF) of indium-tin-oxide (ITO) electrodes upon chemical functionalization. OPV cells based on PM6 (poly[(2,6-(4,8-bis(5-(2-ethylhexyl-3-fluoro)thiophen-2-yl)-benzo[1,2-b:4,5-b']dithiophene))-alt-(5,5-(1',3'-di-2-thienyl-5',7'-bis(2-ethylhexyl)benzo[1',2'-c:4',5'-c']dithiophene-4,8-dione)]) : BTP-eC9 : PC71 BM ([6,6]-phenyl-C71-butyric acid methyl ester) using ITO/Br-2PACz anodes exhibited a maximum power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 18.4 %, outperforming devices with ITO/MeO-2PACz (14.5 %) and ITO/poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrene sulfonate) (PEDOT : PSS) (17.5 %). The higher PCE was found to originate from the much higher WF of ITO/Br-2PACz (-5.81 eV) compared to ITO/MeO-2PACz (4.58 eV) and ITO/PEDOT : PSS (4.9 eV), resulting in lower interface resistance, improved hole transport/extraction, lower trap-assisted recombination, and longer carrier lifetimes. Importantly, the ITO/Br-2PACz electrode was chemically stable, and after removal of the SAM it could be recycled and reused to construct fresh OPVs with equally impressive performance.

Identifying the causes and consequences of assembly gaps using a multiplatform genome assembly of a bird-of-paradise.

Abstract: Genome assemblies are currently being produced at an impressive rate by consortia and individual laboratories. The low costs and increasing efficiency of sequencing technologies now enable assembling genomes at unprecedented quality and contiguity. However, the difficulty in assembling repeat-rich and GC-rich regions (genomic "dark matter") limits insights into the evolution of genome structure and regulatory networks. Here, we compare the efficiency of currently available sequencing technologies (short/linked/long reads and proximity ligation maps) and combinations thereof in assembling genomic dark matter. By adopting different de novo assembly strategies, we compare individual draft assemblies to a curated multiplatform reference assembly and identify the genomic features that cause gaps within each assembly. We show that a multiplatform assembly implementing long-read, linked-read and proximity sequencing technologies performs best at recovering transposable elements, multicopy MHC genes, GC-rich microchromosomes and the repeat-rich W chromosome. Telomere-to-telomere assemblies are not a reality yet for most organisms, but by leveraging technology choice it is now possible to minimize genome assembly gaps for downstream analysis. We provide a roadmap to tailor sequencing projects for optimized completeness of both the coding and noncoding parts of nonmodel genomes.

Evaluation of magnetic material IIP@GO-Fe3O4 based on Kesambi wood (Schleichera oleosa) as a potential adsorbent for the removal of Cr(VI) from aqueous solutions

Abstract: Magnetic composite material modified ion imprinting polymer (IIP@GO-Fe3O4) based on GO from kesambi wood (Schleichera oleosa) was successfully synthesized by using a precipitation method. The physico-chemical characterization uses XRD, FTIR, BET-BJH and SEM-EDX. IIP@GO-Fe3O4 was applied to adsorb Cr(VI) from the water sample by utilizing the batch system. Various adsorption parameters for Cr(VI) such as adsorbent mass, pH, contact time and temperature were optimized in this investigation. The Cr(VI) maximum adsorption occurred when the adsorbent mass usage 0.04 g, pH 2, 40 min of contacts and at the temperature of 323 K. In this study ten kinetic and eight isothermal adsorption models were used to investigate the adsorption mechanism of Cr(VI) onto IIP@GO-Fe3O4. The kinetic modelling shows that the adsorption of Cr(VI) onto IIP@GO-Fe3O4 corresponds to the pseudo-second-order (PSO) model, while the adsorption isotherm corresponds to the Dubinin-Radushkevich (DKR) model with an adsorption capacity of 8.502 mg/g. The thermodynamic study has shown that the adsorption process can take place at a temperature of 323 K. The result showed that a higher adsorption selectivity on IIP@GO-Fe3O4 compares to NIP@GO-Fe3O4. The adsorbent materials gave better reusability because their adsorptive capacity remained at the same level (although it was used at least ten times).

Doping Approaches for Organic Semiconductors

Abstract: This work was from King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST) Office of Sponsored Research (OSR) under award nos. OSR-2018-CARF/CCF-3079 and OSR-2019-CRG8-4095.3. F.A. acknowledges the support from The Wilkinson Charitable Foundation. C.M. acknowledges financial support from the Swedish Research Council (grant no. 2018-03824) and the Knut and Alice Wallenberg Foundation through a Wallenberg Academy Fellowship Prolongation grant.

Anosmia and dysgeusia in SARS-CoV-2 infection: Incidence and effects on COVID-19 severity and mortality, and the possible pathobiology mechanisms - a systematic review and meta-analysis

Abstract: Background: The present study aimed to determine the global prevalence of anosmia and dysgeusia in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients and to assess their association with severity and mortality of COVID-19. Moreover, this study aimed to discuss the possible pathobiological mechanisms of anosmia and dysgeusia in COVID-19. Methods: Available articles from PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and preprint databases (MedRxiv, BioRxiv, and Researchsquare) were searched on November 10th, 2020. Data on the characteristics of the study (anosmia, dysgeusia, and COVID-19) were extracted following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guideline. Newcastle-Ottawa scale was used to assess research quality. Moreover, the pooled prevalence of anosmia and dysgeusia were calculated, and the association between anosmia and dysgeusia in presence of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) was assessed using the Z test. Results: Out of 32,142 COVID-19 patients from 107 studies, anosmia was reported in 12,038 patients with a prevalence of 38.2% (95% CI: 36.5%, 47.2%); whereas, dysgeusia was reported in 11,337 patients out of 30,901 COVID-19 patients from 101 studies, with prevalence of 36.6% (95% CI: 35.2%, 45.2%), worldwide. Furthermore, the prevalence of anosmia was 10.2-fold higher (OR: 10.21; 95% CI: 6.53, 15.96, p < 0.001) and that of dysgeusia was 8.6-fold higher (OR: 8.61; 95% CI: 5.26, 14.11, p < 0.001) in COVID-19 patients compared to those with other respiratory infections or COVID-19 like illness. To date, no study has assessed the association of anosmia and dysgeusia with severity and mortality of COVID-19. Conclusion: Anosmia and dysgeusia are prevalent in COVID-19 patients compared to those with the other non-COVID-19 respiratory infections. Several possible mechanisms have been hypothesized; however, future studies are warranted to elucidate the definitive mechanisms of anosmia and dysgeusia in COVID-19. Protocol registration: PROSPERO CRD42020223204.

A multilevel dataset of microplastic abundance in the world’s upper ocean and the Laurentian Great Lakes

Abstract: A total of 8218 pelagic microplastic samples from the world’s oceans were synthesized to create a dataset composed of raw, calibrated, processed, and gridded data which are made available to the public. The raw microplastic abundance data were obtained by different research projects using surface net tows or continuous seawater intake. Fibrous microplastics were removed from the calibrated dataset. Microplastic abundance which fluctuates due to vertical mixing under different oceanic conditions was standardized. An optimum interpolation method was used to create the gridded data; in total, there were 24.4 trillion pieces (8.2 × 104 ~ 57.8 × 104 tons) of microplastics in the world’s upper oceans.

Global prevalence of prolonged gastrointestinal symptoms in COVID-19 survivors and potential pathogenesis: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Abstract: Background: This study aimed to determine the cumulative prevalence of prolonged gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms, including nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, lack of appetite, abdominal pain, and dysgeusia, in survivors of both mild and severe COVID-19 worldwide and to discuss the potential pathogenesis. Methods: Three databases (PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science) were searched for relevant articles up to January 30, 2021. Data on study characteristics, clinical characteristics during follow-up, the number of patients with prolonged GI symptoms, and total number of COVID-19 survivors were retrieved according to PRISMA guidelines. The quality of eligible studies was assessed using the Newcastle-Ottawa scale. The pooled prevalence of specific prolonged GI symptoms was calculated and the association between COVID-19 severity and the occurrence of prolonged GI symptoms was assessed if appropriate. Results: The global prevalence of prolonged nausea was 3.23% (95% CI: 0.54%-16.53%) among 527 COVID-19 survivors. Vomiting persisted in 93 of 2,238 COVID-19 survivors (3.19%, 95% CI: 1.62%-6.17%) and prolonged diarrhea was found in 34 of 1,073 survivors (4.12%, 95% CI: 1.07%-14.64%). A total of 156 patients among 2,238 COVID-19 survivors (4.41%, 95% CI: 1.91%-9.94%) complained of persistent decreased or loss of appetite. The cumulative prevalence of prolonged abdominal pain was 1.68% (95% CI: 0.84%-3.32%), whereas persistent dysgeusia was identified in 130 cases among 1,887 COVID-19 survivors (7.04%, 95% CI: 5.96%-8.30%). Data was insufficient to assess the relationship between COVID-19 severity and the occurrence of all prolonged GI symptoms. Conclusion: Persistent GI symptoms among COVID-19 survivors after discharge or recovery raises a concern regarding the long-term impact of the COVID-19 infection on the quality of life of the survivors. Despite several potential explanations proposed, studies that aim to follow patients after recovery from COVID-19 and determine the pathogenesis of the prolonged symptoms of COVID-19 survivors are warranted. PROSPERO registration: CRD42021239187.

Antimicrobial Edible Film Prepared from Bacterial Cellulose Nanofibers/Starch/Chitosan for a Food Packaging Alternative

Abstract: As a contribution to the growing demand for environmentally friendly food packaging films, this work produced and characterized a biocomposite of disintegrated bacterial cellulose (BC) nanofibers and tapioca starch/chitosan-based films Ultrasonication dispersed all fillers throughout the film homogeneously The highest fraction of dried BC nanofibers (0136 g) in the film resulted in the maximum tensile strength of 47 MPa 0136 g BC nanofiber addition to the tapioca starch/chitosan matrix increased the thermal resistance (the temperature of maximum decomposition rate from 307 to 317°C), moisture resistance (after 8 h) by 89%, and water vapor barrier (24 h) by 27% All chitosan-based films displayed antibacterial activity This characterization suggests that this environmentally friendly edible biocomposite film is a potential candidate for applications in food packaging

Persistence of long COVID symptoms in COVID-19 survivors worldwide and its potential pathogenesis - A systematic review and meta-analysis

Abstract: The study sought to determine the prevalence of persistent long COVID symptoms such as anxiety, depression, dizziness, chest pain, sleep difficulty, palpitations, weight loss, and hair loss among coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) survivors worldwide and to discuss the potential pathogeneses. Potential studies were searched in three databases (PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science) as of January 30, 2021. Data on study characteristics, patient characteristics during the follow-up, the number of patients with persistent long COVID symptoms and total COVID-19 survivors were collected according to PRISMA guidelines. To assess the quality of studies, the Newcastle-Ottawa scale was used. The estimated prevalence of each long COVID symptom and the association between COVID-19 severity and the occurrence of prolonged symptoms was assessed, if appropriate. The global prevalence of prolonged anxiety was 15.76% (95%CI: 6.36%, 25.15%). Chest pain persisted in 10.36% (239/3,224) of COVID-19 patients (95%CI: 4.92%, 15.80%). Prolonged depression was found in 24 of 548 COVID-19 survivors with an estimated prevalence of 4.32% (95%CI: 2.62%, 6.03%) and dizziness was presented in 4.83% (118/2,219, 95%CI: 1.50%, 8.16%) after recovery. Hair loss was complained by 527 of 2,251 recovered patients (cumulative prevalence of 24.76%, 95%CI: 19.60%, 29.91%), while weight loss was identified in 37 cases among 452 COVID-19 survivors (8.19%, 95%CI: 5.66%, 10.71%). Prolonged palpitation was experienced by 19.38% (211/1,926) survivors with 95%CI: 2.40%, 41.16%. Sleep difficulty was found in 541 of 2,622 COVID-19 survivors (17.87%, 95%CI: 7.55%, 28.20%). The association between COVID-19 severity and the occurrence of persistent long COVID symptoms was not analyzed due to the lack of data. In conclusion, persistent psychological symptoms are frequently reported among COVID-19 survivors. Follow-up studies with a longer duration and larger population are warranted to assess the extent of prolonged symptoms and the quality of life of COVID-19 survivors. Despite various potential pathogeneses that have been hypothesized, a definitive mechanism is yet to be addressed.

Probabilistic tsunami hazard and Risk analysis: a review of research gaps

Abstract: Tsunamis are unpredictable and infrequent but potentially large impact natural disasters. To prepare, mitigate and prevent losses from tsunamis, probabilistic hazard and risk analysis methods have been developed and have proved useful. However, large gaps and uncertainties still exist and many steps in the assessment methods lack information, theoretical foundation, or commonly accepted methods. Moreover, applied methods have very different levels of maturity, from already advanced probabilistic tsunami hazard analysis for earthquake sources, to less mature probabilistic risk analysis. In this review we give an overview of the current state of probabilistic tsunami hazard and risk analysis. Identifying research gaps, we offer suggestions for future research directions. An extensive literature list allows for branching into diverse aspects of this scientific approach.

Virgin Coconut Oil: Extraction, Physicochemical Properties, Biological Activities and Its Authentication Analysis

Abstract: Virgin coconut oil (VCO) has emerged as functional food oil due to its capability to provide some biological activities which are beneficial to human health. This is due to the fact that so...

Evaluation of extract of Ipomoea batatas leaves as a green coagulant–flocculant for turbid water treatment: Parametric modelling and optimization using response surface methodology and artificial neural networks

Abstract: Wastewater produced from many industrial processes is characterized by high levels of turbidity which is usually an indication of the level of pollution. Coagulation coupled with flocculation has been reported to be one of the efficient ways of treating turbid wastewater. Thus, this work evaluated the potential use of Ipomoea batatas leaves extract as a green and novel coagulating and flocculating agent for treating turbid water. The process was modelled and optimized using response surface methodology (RSM) and artificial neural networks coupled with genetic algorithm (ANN-GA). The FTIR results showed that the coagulant–flocculant contained beneficial functional groups which facilitated turbidity removal. The FESEM results indicated a porous matrix while the EDS results showed that carbon (61.2%) and oxygen (29.7%) were the main components with some lesser amounts of potassium (4.7%), phosphorus (2%) and aluminium (1.4%) which had a synergistic effect on the process. Although RSM and ANN modelled the treatment process with relatively high accuracy, the ANN model was however found to perform better than RSM as seen in the better statistical metrics. The ANN model predicted a maximum turbidity removal of 96% with a corresponding initial turbidity, coagulant dosage, rapid mixing time, rapid mixing speed, slow mixing time and slow mixing speed values of 250 NTU, 10 g/L, 2 min, 150 rpm, 10 min and 70 rpm, respectively. Thus, based on these findings, Ipomoea batatas leaves extract could serve as a replacement for the conventional chemical coagulants currently in the market.

Characterization of compressed bacterial cellulose nanopaper film after exposure to dry and humid conditions

Abstract: This work investigates the effects of two different levels of humidity (RH 50% and 75%) on the characterizations of compressed bacterial cellulose nanopaper film The film was prepared with different heat treatments; compression at 25 °C for 72 h and then at 100 °C for 24, 72 or 120 h Maximum tensile strength (2507 MPa) and tensile modulus (186 GPa) were measured on the film treated at 100 °C for 120 h and RH 50% However, tensile strength and tensile modulus dropped by 536% and 758% respectively and elongation at break increased by 32% when this film was stored in more humid conditions (RH 75%) FTIR spectra and XRD patterns indicate changes of the deformed chain structure of the cellulose as more water was incorporated between the layers of the lattice after exposure to humidity

The avian W chromosome is a refugium for endogenous retroviruses with likely effects on female-biased mutational load and genetic incompatibilities.

Abstract: It is a broadly observed pattern that the non-recombining regions of sex-limited chromosomes (Y and W) accumulate more repeats than the rest of the genome, even in species like birds with a low genome-wide repeat content. Here, we show that in birds with highly heteromorphic sex chromosomes, the W chromosome has a transposable element (TE) density of greater than 55% compared to the genome-wide density of less than 10%, and contains over half of all full-length (thus potentially active) endogenous retroviruses (ERVs) of the entire genome. Using RNA-seq and protein mass spectrometry data, we were able to detect signatures of female-specific ERV expression. We hypothesize that the avian W chromosome acts as a refugium for active ERVs, probably leading to female-biased mutational load that may influence female physiology similar to the 'toxic-Y' effect in Drosophila males. Furthermore, Haldane's rule predicts that the heterogametic sex has reduced fertility in hybrids. We propose that the excess of W-linked active ERVs over the rest of the genome may be an additional explanatory variable for Haldane's rule, with consequences for genetic incompatibilities between species through TE/repressor mismatches in hybrids. Together, our results suggest that the sequence content of female-specific W chromosomes can have effects far beyond sex determination and gene dosage. This article is part of the theme issue 'Challenging the paradigm in sex chromosome evolution: empirical and theoretical insights with a focus on vertebrates (Part II)'.

Indonesian Kesambi wood (Schleichera oleosa) activated with pyrolysis and H2SO4 combination methods to produce mesoporous activated carbon for Pb(II) adsorption from aqueous solution

Abstract: The presence of lead in the aquatic environment is a problem with a high potential negative impact on human health. To overcome the lead problem in an aqueous environment, here for the first time we report about the use of kesambi wood (Schleichera oleosa) as a precursor to preparing activated carbon-based adsorbents. Here, the precursor material is prepared to become graphite or Non-Activated Carbon Mesoporous Adsorbents (NACMA) by using the pyrolysis method. NACMA then was chemically activated by using H 2 SO4 to produce Activated Carbon Mesoporous Adsorbent (ACMA) material. The characteristics of the ACMA and the NACMA then were evaluated by using the FTIR, XRD, SEM-EDX and BET-BJH instruments. ACMA then is used to adsorb Pb(II) from an aqueous solution by using a batch system. In this study, 10 kinetics models and 5 adsorption isotherm models were used to study the Pb(II) adsorption mechanism. The results of the kinetic analysis showed that the adsorption of Pb(II) on activated carbon mesoporous adsorbent (ACMA) was following the pseudo-second-order (PSO) model. Meanwhile, the adsorption isotherm follows the Langmuir model with an adsorption capacity of 1.634 mg.g−1. Thermodynamic analysis shows that the adsorption process occurs exothermic and physisorption. In addition, there was also a decrease in the degree of irregularity on the surface of the activated carbon mesoporous adsorbent (ACMA) adsorption system during the adsorption process.

The effects of Fe-doping on MnO2: phase transitions, defect structures and its influence on electrical properties

Abstract: The composition of Mn1−xFexO2 (x = 0–0.15) was synthesized by a hydrothermal method at 140 °C for 5 hours of reaction time. Investigations were carried out including XRD, FTIR, Raman spectroscopy, FESEM, and TEM for crystallographic phase analysis. Furthermore, XPS and XAS were used to analyze the oxidation states of Mn and dopant Fe in the octahedron sites. For electrical characterizations, an impedance analyzer was used to explore the conductivity and dielectric properties. It was discovered that the undoped MnO2 possessed an α-MnO2 structure performing (2 × 2) tunnel permitting K+ insertion and had a nanorod morphology. The Fe ion that was doped into MnO2 caused a phase transformation from α-MnO2 to Ramsdellite R-MnO2 after x = 0.15 was reached and the tunnel dimension changed to (2 × 1). Furthermore, this caused increased micro-strain and oxygen vacancies. An oxidation state analysis of Mn and substituted Fe in the octahedron sites found mixed 3+ and 4+ states. Electrical characterization revealed that the conductivity of Fe-doped MnO2 is potentially electron influenced by the oxidation state of the cations in the octahedron sites, the micro-strain, the dislocation density, and the movement of K+ ions in the tunnel.

Research progress of novel bio-based plasticizers and their applications in poly(vinyl chloride)

Abstract: Plasticized polyvinyl chloride (PVC) has been widely used in the world. Petroleum-based plasticizers especially phthalates have been the most common plasticizers used in PVC. However, the global petroleum resources are becoming scarce gradually, and the hygienic requirements for plasticizers are increasing. Owing to the negative impact of petroleum-based plasticizers on human health and the environment, their use has been restricted in the USA, the European and so on. Biomass renewable resources have wide range of sources and low prices, and the chemicals obtained from them have various structures, which can provide a huge platform to design novel PVC plasticizers with the aim of replacing traditional phthalate plasticizers. Many bio-based PVC plasticizers, such as vegetable oil-based plasticizers, cardanol-based plasticizers, lactic acid-based plasticizers, waste cooking oil-based plasticizers, polyester plasticizers, hyperbranched plasticizers and so on, have been extensively studied. We have reviewed recent research progress on different types of novel bio-based PVC plasticizers and assorted them by raw materials and chemical structure. Through in-depth analysis of the relationship between the chemical structure and the plasticizing performance, the efficiency of plasticizers may be predicted before they have been designed. This review will be beneficial for the development of bio-based plasticizers by pointing out the research and application direction.