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Institution

Indonesian Institute of Sciences

FacilityJakarta, Indonesia
About: Indonesian Institute of Sciences is a facility organization based out in Jakarta, Indonesia. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Population & Genus. The organization has 4795 authors who have published 10544 publications receiving 76990 citations. The organization is also known as: Indonesian Institute of Sciences Cibinong, Indonesia.


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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, a spectroscopic study of the gold nanoparticle (NP) formation by high-intensity femtosecond laser irradiation of a gold ion solution was reported, and the effect of varying energy density of the laser on the formation of gold NPs was also investigated.
Abstract: A spectroscopic study of the gold nanoparticle (NP) formation by high-intensity femtosecond laser irradiation of a gold ion solution was reported. The effect of varying energy density of the laser on the formation of gold NPs was also investigated. The surface plasmon resonance (SPR) peak of the gold nanocolloid in real-time UV-visible absorption spectra during laser irradiation showed a distinctive progress; the SPR absorption peak intensity increased after a certain irradiation time, reached a maximum and then gradually decreased. During this absorption variation, at the same time, the peak wavelength changed from 530 to 507 nm. According to an empirical equation derived from a large volume of experimental data, the estimated mean size of the gold NPs varied from 43.4 to 3.2 nm during the laser irradiation. The mean size of gold NPs formed at specific irradiation times by transmission electron microscopy showed the similar trend as that obtained in the spectroscopic analysis. From these observations, the formation mechanism of gold NPs during laser irradiation was considered to have two steps. The first is a reduction of gold ions by reactive species produced through a non-linear reaction during high intensity laser irradiation of the solution; the second is the laser fragmentation of produced gold particles into smaller pieces. The gold nanocolloid produced after the fragmentation by excess irradiation showed high stability for at least a week without the addition of any dispersant because of the negative charge on the surface of the nanoparticles probably due to the surface oxidation of gold nanoparticles. A higher laser intensity resulted in a higher efficiency of gold NPs fabrication, which was attributed to a larger effective volume of the reaction.

40 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
05 Dec 2018
TL;DR: The relations between Islam and democracy in Indonesia and their implications for the countrys foreign policy have attracted considerable attention in recent years as mentioned in this paper, and the international community, especially Western countries, has looked to Indonesia to provide an alternative face of Islam in the midst of rising religious extremism and terrorism.
Abstract: The relations between Islam and Democracy in Indonesia and their implications for the countrys foreign policy have attracted considerable attention in recent years. In the early years of his frst presidential term, Susilo Bambang Yudhono introduced the concept of Indonesias international identity, that is, as a country in which Islam, democracy and modernity go hand in hand. In the post-9/ international context, in which perceptions of Islam are largely negative, Indonesias special attributes as the largest Muslim-majority country and the worlds third largest democracy have special values. The international community, especially Western countries, has looked to Indonesia to provide an alternative face of Islam in the midst of rising religious extremism and terrorism. Indonesia, however, still faces many challenges in realising its aspirations to be a bridge between the Islamic world and the West, and as an alternative model within the Islamic world. Frequent acts of religious intolerance have marred Indonesias claim as a moderate Islamic force while Indonesia has generally been perceived to lie in the periphery of the Islamic world.

40 citations

DOI
01 Jan 2003
TL;DR: In this article, the authors make fishermen as a subject in development, which means that they should be invited to discuss their problem, as well as solutions based on their aspiratio, because development is not only in economic terms, but how to make the poor to be more human.
Abstract: Most fishermen live in poverty. They manifest in several dimensions: economic, social culture and politic. It also cover both family poverty and physical infrastructure. Many factors affected fishermen poverty. The first is their traditional gear, and the second is their dependence upon tengkulak (fish trader). In some cases, the existence of TPI (Fish Auction Place) contributes to impoverish them. For labour, this condition especially for labour fishermen make their life more difficult, because of unjustice producion sharingt. To increase their income, developing fishing gear capacity is a necessity. Their dependence upon tengkulak should also be minimized to develop fishermen bargaining position. It is also supported by restructuration of share product system, to be more favorable to labours. It is important to make fishermen as a subject in development. It means that they should be invited to discuss their problem, as well as solutions based on their aspiratio, because development is not only in economic terms, but how to make the poor to be more human.

40 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The prediction that sea‐level fluctuations in the course of the Pleistocene glaciations increased speciation rates is tested.
Abstract: Aim We investigate the biogeographical history of the species-rich Sundaic freshwater crab genus Parathelphusa (family Gecarcinucidae). In particular, we ask to what extent eustatic sea-level fluctuations influenced diversification and species distribution. We test the prediction that sea-level fluctuations in the course of the Pleistocene glaciations increased speciation rates. Location Malay Peninsula, Greater Sunda Islands (Borneo, Java, Sumatra, Sulawesi), Bali and the Philippines (Palawan, Mindoro). Methods Phylogenetic inference calculations were based on partial mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COX1), 16S ribosomal RNA and nuclear histone subunit 3 (H3) genes using maximum likelihood, maximum parsimony and Bayesian approaches. Divergence time estimation was performed with beast based on external substitution rates. Biogeographical analyses were conducted with a parametric likelihood method (Lagrange) and a Bayesian method (BayesTraits). Lineage diversification was studied with a lineage-through-time plot, and a maximum likelihood approach as implemented in the R package laser. Results We propose a Late Miocene age for the most recent common ancestor of Parathelphusa, with an ancestral range covering Borneo and the adjacent part of Sundaland. The evolution of six lineages pre-dates the Pliocene, five of them occurring on Borneo. Subsequent dispersal during the Miocene and Pliocene extended the range of Parathelphusa to the Philippines, Sulawesi, the Malay Peninsula and Sumatra, and, during the Late Pliocene and Pleistocene, to Java. Pleistocene divergence occurred between species from the Malay Peninsula and Sumatra, Java and Sumatra, and Java and Borneo. Main conclusions Although low sea levels during the Pleistocene in all probability facilitated the dispersal of freshwater crabs among the Greater Sunda islands (excluding Sulawesi, which is not part of the Sunda Shelf), there is no complete Pleistocene geographical admixture of species, and pre-Pleistocene biogeographical patterns were retained. Furthermore, Pleistocene vicariance did not lead to an increased diversification rate in Parathelphusa. Instead, single colonization events out of Borneo during the Neogene, followed by species radiation (e.g. on Palawan and Sulawesi), contributed substantially to species diversity in Parathelphusa. This involved the crossing of marine barriers such as the Wallace Line.

40 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, two Fourier transform infrared spectroscopic techniques, photoacoustic and diffuse reflectance spectroscopy, were utilized to explore the physical and chemical changes in wood caused by weathering.
Abstract: Two Fourier transform infrared spectroscopic techniques, photoacoustic and diffuse reflectance spectroscopy, were utilized to explore the physical and chemical changes in wood caused by weathering. Five tropical wood species (albizia, kapur, mahoni, nangka, puspa) were exposed to natural weathering for various periods. The contents of extracts, phenolics, and Klason lignin in unexposed samples of these wood species were determined by chemical analysis. Infrared spectra of the weathered surfaces were recorded by the two techniques. The photoacoustic spectra exhibited rapid decomposition and elusion of wood constituents containing benzene rings in the region closest to the exposed surface. Line maps of infrared spectra in the vertical direction obtained by diffuse reflectance infrared microspectroscopy were consistent with the view that the additive effects of water and ultraviolet irradiation play an important role in destroying the lignin-hemicellulose matrix of the cell wall. The infrared spectroscopic techniques are available for the analysis of weathered wood.

40 citations


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Performance
Metrics
No. of papers from the Institution in previous years
YearPapers
202311
2022597
20211,059
20201,426
20191,218
20181,197