Indonesian Institute of Sciences

About: Indonesian Institute of Sciences is a facility organization based out in Jakarta, Indonesia. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Population & Biology. The organization has 4795 authors who have published 10544 publications receiving 76990 citations. The organization is also known as: Indonesian Institute of Sciences Cibinong, Indonesia.

Near-field tsunami hazard map padang, west sumatra: utilizing high resolution geospatial data and reseasonable source scenarios

Abstract: Near-field tsunami propagation both in shallow water environments and bore-like wave propagation on land are conducted in this study to obtain fundamental knowledge on the tsunami hazard potential in the city of Padang, Western Sumatra, Republic of Indonesia. As the region proves a huge seismic moment deficit which has progressively accumulated since the last recorded major earthquakes in 1797 and 1833, this investigation focuses on most reasonable seismic sources and possibly triggered nearshore tsunamis in order to develop upgraded disaster mitigations programs in this densely-populated urban agglomeration located on the western shore of Sumatra Island. Observations from continuous Global Positioning Satellite (cGPS) systems and supplementary coral growth studies confirm a much greater probability of occurrence that a major earthquake and subsequent tsunami are likely to strike the region in the near future. Newly surveyed and processed sets of geodata have been collected and used to progress most plausible rupture scenarios to approximate the extent and magnitudes of a further earthquake. Based upon this novel understanding, the present analysis applies two hydronumerical codes to simulate most probable tsunami run-up and subsequent inundations in the city of Padang in very fine resolution. Run-up heights and flow-depths are determined stemming from these most plausible rupture scenarios. Evaluation of outcome and performance of both numerical tools regarding impacts of surge flow and bore-like wave fronts encountering the coast and inundating the city are thoroughly carried out. Results are discussed not only for further scientific purposes, i.e. benchmark tests, but also to disseminate main findings to responsible authorities in Padang with the objective to distribute the most probable dataset of plausible tsunami inundations as well as to address valuable insights and knowledge for effective counter measures, i.e. evacuation routes and shelter building. Following evacuation simulations based on rational assumptions and simplifications reveal a most alerting result as about 260.000 people are living in the highly exposed potential tsunami inundation area in the city of Padang of which more than 90.000 people will need more than 30 min. to evacuate to safe areas.

The integrated model of theory planned behavior, value, and image for explaining public transport passengers’ intention to reuse

Abstract: Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to investigate the simultaneous effect of attitude, subjective norm, perceived behavioral control (PBC), perceived value, and image on public transport passengers’ intention to reuse. Design/methodology/approach – The empirical data were collected through survey. The respondents of the survey are 293 public transport passengers in Tangerang, Indonesia. Multiple regressions analysis was performed to test the conceptual model and the proposed hypotheses. Findings – The findings showed that attitude, subjective norm, and image influence public transport passengers’ intention to reuse. However, this research also found that perceived value and PBC does not influence public transport passengers’ intention to reuse significantly. Research limitations/implications – The survey was only conducted at one area in Indonesia. In addition, convenience sampling method was employed. These conditions may cause that the research results cannot be generalized to the other contexts. Th...

The Application of Molecular Spectroscopy in Combination with Chemometrics for Halal Authentication Analysis: A Review

Abstract: Halal is an Arabic term used to describe any components allowed to be used in any products by Muslim communities. Halal food and halal pharmaceuticals are any food and pharmaceuticals which are safe and allowed to be consumed according to Islamic law (Shariah). Currently, in line with halal awareness, some Muslim countries such as Indonesia, Malaysia, and Middle East regions have developed some standards and regulations on halal products and halal certification. Among non-halal components, the presence of pig derivatives (lard, pork, and porcine gelatin) along with other non-halal meats (rat meat, wild boar meat, and dog meat) is typically found in food and pharmaceutical products. This review updates the recent application of molecular spectroscopy, including ultraviolet-visible, infrared, Raman, and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopies, in combination with chemometrics of multivariate analysis, for analysis of non-halal components in food and pharmaceutical products. The combination of molecular spectroscopic-based techniques and chemometrics offers fast and reliable methods for screening the presence of non-halal components of pig derivatives and non-halal meats in food and pharmaceutical products.

Pemanfaatan sellulosa bagas untuk produksi ethanol melalui sakarifikasi dan fermentasi serentak dengan enzim xylanase

Abstract: Utilization of Bagasse Cellulose for Ethanol Production through Simultaneous Saccharification and Fermentation by Xylanase. Bagasse is a solid residue from sugar cane process, which is not many use it for some product which have more added value. Bagasse, which is a lignosellulosic material, be able to be use for alternative energy resources like bioethanol or biogas. With renewable energy resources a crisis of energy in Republic of Indonesia could be solved, especially in oil and gas. This research has done the conversion of bagasse to bioethanol with xylanase enzyme. The result show that bagasse contains of 52,7% cellulose, 20% hemicelluloses, and 24,2% lignin. Xylanase enzyme and Saccharomyces cerevisiae was used to hydrolyse and fermentation in SSF process. Variation in this research use pH (4, 4,5, and 5), for increasing ethanol quantity, SSF process was done by added chloride acid (HCl) with concentration 0.5% and 1% (v/v) and also pre-treatment with white rot fungi such as Lentinus edodes (L.edodes) as long 4 weeks. The SSF process was done with 24, 48, 72, and 96 hour’s incubation time for fermentation. Variation of pH 4, 4,5, and 5 can produce ethanol with concentrations 2,357 g/L, 2,451 g/L, 2,709 g/L. The added chloride acid (HCl) with concentration 0.5% and 1% (v/v) and L. edodes can increase ethanol yield, The highest ethanol concentration with added chloride acid (HCl) concentration 0.5% and 1% consecutively is 2,967 g/L, 3,249 g/L. The highest ethanol concentration with pre-treatment by L. edodes is 3,202 g/L. Abstract in Bahasa Indonesia: Bagas merupakan residu padat pada proses pengolahan tebu menjadi gula, yang sejauh ini masih belum banyak dimanfaatkan menjadi produk yang mempunyai nilai tambah (added value). Bagas yang termasuk biomassa mengandung lignoselulosa sangat dimungkinkan untuk dimanfaatkan menjadi sumber energi alternatif seperti bioetanol atau biogas. Dengan pemanfaatan sumber daya alam terbarukan dapat mengatasi krisis energi terutama sektor migas. Pada penelitian ini telah dilakukan konversi bagas menjadi etanol dengan menggunakan enzim xylanase. Perlakuan dengan enzim lainnya saat ini sedang dikerjakan di laboratorium kami mengingat hemisulosa juga mengandung polisakarida lainnya yang dapat didekomposisi oleh berbagai enzim. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan kandungan lignoselulosa pada bagas sebesar lebih kurang 52,7% selulosa, 20% hemiselulosa, dan 24,2% lignin. Hemiselulosa merupakan polisakarida yang dapat dihidrolisis oleh enzim xylanase dan kemudian akan difermentasikan oleh yeast S. cerevisiae menjadi etanol melalui proses Sakarifikasi dan Fermentasi Serentak (SSF). Beberapa parameter yang dianalisis pada penelitian ini antara lain kondisi pH (4, 4,5, dan 5), untuk meningkatkan kuantitas etanol dilakukan penambahan HCl berkonsentrasi rendah (0,5% dan 1% (v/v)) dan bagas dengan perlakuan jamur pelapuk putih (L. edodes) selama 4 minggu. Proses SSF dilakukan dengan waktu inkubasi selama 24, 48, 72, dan 96 jam. Perlakuan dengan pH 4, 4,5, dan 5 menghasilkan konsentrasi etanol tertinggi berturut-turut 2,357 g/L, 2,451 g/L, 2,709 g/L. Perlakuan penambahan HCl konsentrasi rendah mampu meningkatkan produksi etanol, penambahan dengan konsentrasi HCL 0,5 % dan 1 % berturut-turut menghasilkan etanol 2,967 g/L, 3,249 g/L. Perlakuan dengan menggunakan jamur pelapuk putih juga dapat meningkatkan produksi etanol yang dihasilkan. Setelah bagas diberi perlakuan L. edodes 4 minggu mampu menghasilkan etanol dengan hasil tertinggi 3,202 g/L.