Indonesian Institute of Sciences

About: Indonesian Institute of Sciences is a facility organization based out in Jakarta, Indonesia. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Population & Genus. The organization has 4795 authors who have published 10544 publications receiving 76990 citations. The organization is also known as: Indonesian Institute of Sciences Cibinong, Indonesia.

Comprehensive Review on Application of FTIR Spectroscopy Coupled with Chemometrics for Authentication Analysis of Fats and Oils in the Food Products.

Abstract: Currently, the authentication analysis of edible fats and oils is an emerging issue not only by producers but also by food industries, regulators, and consumers. The adulteration of high quality and expensive edible fats and oils as well as food products containing fats and oils with lower ones are typically motivated by economic reasons. Some analytical methods have been used for authentication analysis of food products, but some of them are complex in sampling preparation and involving sophisticated instruments. Therefore, simple and reliable methods are proposed and developed for these authentication purposes. This review highlighted the comprehensive reports on the application of infrared spectroscopy combined with chemometrics for authentication of fats and oils. New findings of this review included (1) FTIR spectroscopy combined with chemometrics, which has been used to authenticate fats and oils; (2) due to as fingerprint analytical tools, FTIR spectra have emerged as the most reported analytical techniques applied for authentication analysis of fats and oils; (3) the use of chemometrics as analytical data treatment is a must to extract the information from FTIR spectra to be understandable data. Next, the combination of FTIR spectroscopy with chemometrics must be proposed, developed, and standardized for authentication and assuring the quality of fats and oils.

Review on analytical methods for analysis of porcine gelatine in food and pharmaceutical products for halal authentication

Abstract: Background Gelatine is one of the components commonly used in food, cosmetics and pharmaceutical products due to its gelling properties. The most commonly used gelatines in those products are porcine and bovine gelatines. Unclear labelling and information regarding the actual sources of gelatines in products have become the main concern among societies in terms of religion and health aspects. Porcine gelatine (PG) is prohibited to be consumed by Muslim and Jewish and considered non-halal (and non-kosher) following some scholars of thought. While bovine gelatine (BG) is associated with certain diseases of bovine spongiform encephalopathy, as a consequence, there is a need to develop reliable methods for identifying gelatine sources in the products. Scope and approach This review highlighted some analytical methods including physico-chemical methods as well as biological methods along with advantage and disadvantage for differentiation of gelatines intended to halal authentication studies. Key Findings and Conclusions: Some analytical methods are used for screening PG and BG using physico-chemical properties including chemical precipitation, functional groups (FTIR spectroscopy), amino acid composition (liquid chromatography), detection and quantification of DNA (real-time polymerase chain reaction/RT-PCR), molecular weight distribution (electrophoresis), and protein (Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, ELISA). These methods are confirmed by identification of peptide markers which are specific for PG and BG using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) and DNA based method using polymerase chain reaction.

Island biogeography from regional to local scales: evidence for a spatially scaled echo pattern of fern diversity in the Southeast Asian archipelago

Abstract: Aim The aim of this study was to investigate whether the equilibrium theory of island biogeography (ETIB) is equally applicable at regional and local spatial scales, and whether the ‘echo pattern’, the correlation between regional species pool and local diversity by which the diversity of the regional species pool ‘trickles down’ to local scales, influences local diversity equally across a range of sampling scales. Location Twelve mountain regions on islands having different sizes, degrees of isolation and environmental conditions in Indonesia and the Philippines. Methods We sampled ferns in standardized field plots within a fixed spatial design at six spatial scales (with the grain size varying from plot to island). Using ordinary least squares regression and relative variable importance, we tested for the predictive power of area and isolation as well as of local and regional environmental factors for explaining diversity at the chosen spatial scales. Results Consistent with MacArthur and Wilson's ETIB, we found the strongest correlations of area and isolation with diversity at regional scales. The explanatory power of area increased with increasing spatial scale. The strength of the negative relationships among diversity and isolation decreased with increasing spatial scale. We found evidence for an ‘echo pattern’ at large to intermediate but not at small spatial scales. Main conclusions Area and isolation are strong predictors of biodiversity at regional scales. The size of the species pool has a scale-dependent influence on diversity at smaller scales but is unimportant at the most local scale, where environmental conditions dominate as predictors of diversity. To make predictions about local diversity on islands it is therefore important to take the scale dependence of the ‘echo pattern’ into account.