Indonesian Institute of Sciences

About: Indonesian Institute of Sciences is a facility organization based out in Jakarta, Indonesia. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Population & Genus. The organization has 4795 authors who have published 10544 publications receiving 76990 citations. The organization is also known as: Indonesian Institute of Sciences Cibinong, Indonesia.

Ultra low frequency (ULF) electromagnetic anomalies associated with large earthquakes in Java Island, Indonesia by using wavelet transform and detrended fluctuation analysis

Abstract: . Indonesia is one of the most seismically active regions in the world and mitigation of seismic hazard is important. It is reported that Ultra low frequency (ULF) geomagnetic anomalies are one of the most convincing phenomena preceding large earthquakes (EQs). In this paper we have analyzed geomagnetic data at Pelabuhan Ratu (PLR) (7.01° S, 106.56° E), Sukabumi, West Java, Indonesia, from 1 September 2008 to 31 October 2010. There are twelve moderate–large EQs (M ≥ 5) within 160 km from the station during the analyzed period. The largest one is the M =7.5 EQ (depth = 57 km, epicentral distance = 135 km, 2 September 2009) based on EQ catalog of Indonesian Meteorological, Climatological and Geophysical Agency (BMKG). To investigate the ULF geomagnetic anomalous variations preceding all the EQs, spectral density ratio at the frequency range of 0.01 ± 0.003 Hz based on wavelet transform (WT) and detrended fluctuation analysis (DFA) have been carried out. The spectral density ratio results show the enhancements a few weeks before the largest EQ. The enhancement persists about one week and reaches a maximum on 16 August 2009. At the same time, the result of the DFA presents the decrease of α value. For other EQs, there are no clear increases of the spectral density ratio with simultaneous decrease of α value. When these phenomena occur, the value of Dst index shows that there are no peculiar global geomagnetic activities at the low latitude region. The above results are suggestive of the relation between the detected anomalies and the largest EQ.

A tree species inventory in a one-hectare plot at the batang gadis national park, north sumatra, indonesia

Abstract: KARTAWINATA, KUSWATA; SAMSOEDIN, ISMAYADI; HERIYANTO, M. AND AFRIASTINI, J. J. 2004. A tree species inventory in a one-hectare plot at the Batang Gadis National Park, North Sumatra, Indonesia. Reinwardtia 12 (2): 145 – 157. The results of the inventory of trees with DBH = 10 cm shows that 184 species in 41 families, represented by 583 individuals with the total basal areas of 40.56 m² occurred in the one-hectare plot sampled. Together with the saplings and shrubs the number of species was 240 belonging to 47 families. The forest is richer in tree species than other lowland forests in North Sumatra, but poorer than those in Borneo and the Malay Peninsula. Dipterocarps constituted 18.42 % of total species with basal area of 18.99 m² or 46.82 % of the total basal area in the plot. The most prominent species was Shorea gibbosa. Hopea nigra, reported to be rare in Bangka and Belitung, occurred here as one of the ten leading species. The species-area curve shows that a considerable number of additional species was encountered more or less steadily up to one hectare and there was no indication of levelling off. A simulated profile diagram shows the forest may be stratified into five layers: (1) emergent layer, (2) upper canopy, (3) middle canopy, (4) lower canopy and (5) ground canopy. Dipterocarps were leading species in the emergent layer, upper canopy and middle canopy. Only 82 species were regenerating as represented by their presence in the sapling stage ranging from 5 to 50 plants/hectare. Macaranga lowii King ex Hook. f. dominated the section which seemed to be previously occupied by gaps.

Fitoremediasi dan Potensi Tumbuhan Hiperakumulator

Abstract: Phytoremediation is defined as cleaning up of pollutants mediated primarily by plants. It is an emerging technology for environmental remediation that offers a low-cost technique suitable for use against different types of contaminants in a variety of media. Phytoremediation is potentially applicable to a diversity of substances, involving hyperaccumulators heavy metals and radionuclides. It is also applicable to other inorganic contaminants such as arsenic, various salts and nutrients, and a variety of organic contaminants, including explosives, petroleum hydrocarbons and pesticides. At least there are one taxon of plant as hyperaccumulator for Cd, 28 taxa for Co, 37 taxa for Cu, 9 taxa for Mg, 317 taxa for Ni, and 11 taxa for Zn. Extensive progress were done in characterizing physiology of plants which hyperaccumulate or hypertolerate metals. Hypertolerance is fundamental to hyperaccumulator, and high rates of uptake and translocation are observed in hyperaccumulator plants. Hyperaccumulator plants and agronomic technology were undertaken to improve the annual rate of phytoextraction and to allow recycling of soil toxic metals accumulated in plant biomass. These techniques are very likely to support commercial environmental remediation. Most phytoremediation systems are still in development, or in the stage of plant breeding to improve the cultivars for field use. However, application for commercial purposes has already been initiated. Many opportunities have also been identified for research and development to improve the efficiency of phytoremediation.

Mechanism, adsorption kinetics and applications of carbonaceous adsorbents derived from black liquor sludge

Abstract: Pretreatment processes in second generation bioethanol production produce a lignin-based black liquor Polyaluminum chloride (PACl) was employed to treat black liquor using coagulation, in which the generated sludge was converted to a carbonaceous adsorbent The bioethanol black liquor sludge-based carbonaceous adsorbent (BBLS-CA) was characterized physically, and its adsorption mechanism, kinetics, and ability to absorb methylene blue (MB) were evaluated Additional studies revealed the performance of BBLS-CA to treat peat water and landfill leachate The results demonstrate that BBLS-CA decolorized a 100 mg/l solution of MB by 98% within 30 min MB components reclaimed from BBLS-CA reveal the presence of NH2, substituted and p-disubstituted benzene rings, and =CH2, suggesting that physical and chemical mechanisms are operative during adsorption Isotherm analysis reveals that adsorption equilibrium followed the Langmuir model and exhibited pseudo second-order kinetic behavior BBLS-CA adsorbed 100% iron and manganese; and remediated 72% color and 67% COD in peat water, as well as 57% COD in landfill leachate This report highlights a by-product from black liquor sludge that can be applied to the removal of wastewater pollutants Further, the development of method is required to obtain activated carbon which fulfills standard properties of activated carbon